Unit4單詞學(xué)案高中英語人教版必修第一冊

1.slidevi.&vt.使……滑行；滑動；使……悄悄移動vi.下滑，下跌；逐漸敗壞n．滑動；滑道；滑梯；幻燈片【典型例句】Francesca_________acrosstheice.弗朗西絲卡從冰面上滑過。Isawaman__________onabananaskin.我看到有個人踩在香蕉皮上滑了一下。She_________outoftheroomwhilenoonewaslooking.她趁著沒人注意溜出了房間。Thecarwentintoa_______ontheicyroad.汽車在結(jié)冰的路面上打滑了?！炯磳W(xué)即練】單句語法填空①Heslid________thegardenwithoutbeingseen.②Canyouslide________oftheroomwithouttheteacherseeingyou?③We_________(slide)downtheroofanddroppedtotheground.【思維拓展】slide__________溜進(jìn)/出……slide___________悄悄把……放進(jìn)/拿出注意：slide的過去式、過去分詞是_________________。2.rescuen.&vt.營救；救援【典型例句】Wehadgivenupthehopeof______.我們那時已經(jīng)放棄了營救的希望。We________himfromtheenemy'scamp.我們把他從敵營中救了出來?！炯磳W(xué)即練】單句語法填空①Thefiremensucceededin________(rescue)threewomenfromtheburninghouse.②Whichclothingwouldyoufirstrescue_______afire?③Sheseemedtobewaitingforsomeonetocometoherrescue.【思維拓展】rescue..._________...把……從……中營救出來come/gotoone's________設(shè)法營救某人3.damagevt.損害；破壞n．損壞；損失【典型例句】Theearthquake________severalbuildings.地震使一些建筑受到了破壞。Eatingtoomuchmeatonetimewillcausedamagetoyourstomach.一次吃太多肉會對你的胃造成損害。Hundredsofhousesinthearea___________bythestorm.暴風(fēng)雨毀壞了這個地區(qū)數(shù)以百計的房屋。Theaccidentdidalotof_________tohiscar.這次車禍?zhǔn)顾能囀艿胶艽蟮膿p壞。Theearthquake_______________almostthewholetown.地震幾乎毀滅了整個城鎮(zhèn)。Hishopeofbeingawriter______________.他想成為一個作家的希望破滅了。Thefire____________thecastle.那場大火把城堡夷為廢墟。Thecompanyisfacing_________.這家公司面臨破產(chǎn)?！炯磳W(xué)即練】單句語法填空①Factsshowthattheycandogreatdamage_____ourcauseandthattheyhavealreadydoneso.②You_____________(damage)mybicycle.Youwon'thaveitagain.③Thehousehasfallen_________ruin.【思維拓展】cause/dodamageto＝damage(v.)傷害，損傷doharm_______＝beharmful______＝bebad______對……造成傷害/有害處4.destroyvt.摧毀；毀滅【典型例句】Afire________thehouse.一場火毀壞了那座房屋。Theschoolwascompletely__________byfire.學(xué)校被大火徹底燒毀了。Allhishopesweredestroyed.他所有的希望都破滅了。【即學(xué)即練】單句語法填空①Withmoreforests___________(destroy),hugequantitiesofgoodeartharebeingwashedawayeachyear.②Manypeopleareveryconcernedaboutthe___________(destroy)oftherainforests.③Lackoftrustisvery_____________(destroy)inarelationship.【思維拓展】________________n.[U]破壞；毀壞_____________adj.破壞性的；造成破壞的5.affectvt.影響；(疾病)侵襲；深深打動【典型例句】Hewasmuch______________bythesadnews.這個悲慘的消息使他非常難過。Theadvertisingcampaigndidn'thavemuch____________onsales.這些廣告攻勢對銷售額并沒有起到多大作用?！炯磳W(xué)即練】單句語法填空①Oneofherlungs_____________(affect)alittlesothatshehastorest.②Ithinkthe_______________(affect)patientneedstobeisolated(隔離)．③______________effect,itcontributestothedevelopmentofoureconomy.【思維拓展】beaffected__________被……侵襲；被……感動______n．影響haveaneffect/influence______對……有影響______effect實(shí)際上take______開始實(shí)行；開始生效bring/putsth.______effect使某物開始使用come_______effect(尤指法律/規(guī)章制度)開始實(shí)施6.sheltern．避難處；居所；庇護(hù)vt.保護(hù)；掩蔽vi.躲避(風(fēng)雨或危險)【典型例句】Wetriedtofixupashelter_______therain.我們設(shè)法搭起一個躲雨的地方。Manyofthechildreninthe______areorphans.收容所里有好多孩子是孤兒。Humanbeingsneedclothing,foodand_______人類有衣、食、住的需求。Shewasaccusedof_________amurderer.她因?yàn)楸幼o(hù)謀殺犯而被控告?！炯磳W(xué)即練】單句語法填空①Thoughshewasacommonperson,she__________(shelter)bytheUSA.②Thetreeaffordsusashelter_______therain.③Icouldn'tshelter____________himallthetime,andinanycasehewasn'talwayswithme.【思維拓展】shelter_______掩護(hù)，保護(hù)afford/give/offer/________shelter給予庇護(hù)_____shelter______在……里躲避________/takeshelter尋求庇護(hù)shelter_________掩護(hù)/保護(hù)/庇護(hù)……不受……shelter________躲在……后面shelterfromtherain避雨shelterfromsunlight避光shelterfrom_______避開麻煩shelterfromthewind避風(fēng)shelter________in躲在……里面7.setup設(shè)立；建立【典型例句】They_______aspecialcommitteetolookintothematter.他們設(shè)立了一個專門的委員會來調(diào)查此事。Theydecidedto_______anewschool.他們決定建一所新學(xué)校?！炯磳W(xué)即練】單句語法填空①—Havegreatchangestakenplaceinyourvillage?—Yes.Anewschoolwasset____inthevillagelastyear.②They'veset________onajourneyroundtheworld.③Whensetting________onalongwalk,alwayswearsuitableboots.【思維拓展】set______出發(fā)；動身set____出發(fā)；動身；開始set______(doingsth.)開始(做某事)8.句中too...to...意為“太……而不能”。【典型例句】Thewiresaretoohighforchildren______reach.線太高，孩子們夠不著。Hewastooill_______travel.他病得太重了，不能遠(yuǎn)行。It'stoohotaday______work.天氣太熱了，無法工作。Theyare(all)toowilling_______theopinionsofothers.他們都非常愿意接受別人的意見。Englishisnottoodifficulttolearn.英語并不難學(xué)。Youcan'tbetoocareful_____yourhomework.你做作業(yè)越仔細(xì)越好?！炯磳W(xué)即練】完成句子①這個問題太難了，學(xué)生們解不出來。Theproblemis________________________________②活到老，學(xué)到老。It's________________________③湯姆非常樂意幫助你。Tom______________________________________【思維拓展】too...to...句型在下列情況下表示肯定意義：(1)與某些表示心情的或描述性的形容詞連用時，too相當(dāng)于______，意為“非?！薄４祟愋稳菰~常見的有happy,glad,easy,ready,willing,nervous,good,kind,surprised等。在該用法中，常在too前加上only,but,all,simply或just，用來加強(qiáng)語氣。(2)too前有not,never,can't等否定詞修飾時構(gòu)成雙重否定，表示肯定意義，意為“并非太……；不會太……；再……也不過分”。9現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。【典型例句】Hewentoutshuttingthedoorbehindhim.他走了出去，將門關(guān)上了。_________thegoodnews，hejumpedupwithjoy.聽到那個好消息，他高興地跳了起來。Herodeaway______.他吹著口哨騎車走了。Ilay________halfthenight.我翻來覆去半夜沒睡著?！炯磳W(xué)即練】完成句子①他躺在草地上看著天上的星星。Hewaslyingonthegrass___________________.②她尖叫著跑出了房間。Sheran________outoftheroom.③別什么也不干坐在那里。Don'tyousitthere__________.【思維拓展】1．現(xiàn)在分詞用作狀語時，(1)作時間狀語(2)作原因狀語(3)作條件狀語(4)作讓步狀語(5)作方式狀語(6)作伴隨狀語(7)作目的狀語(8)作程度狀語(9)作結(jié)果狀語2．現(xiàn)在分詞短語和過去分詞短語都可以作伴隨狀語，現(xiàn)在分詞短語表示與主句的主語在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系，即表主動意義。10.asusual像往常一樣【典型例句】Hewouldgohome，_________，forChristmas.他像往常一樣回家過圣誕節(jié)。Ishallleavetheofficeatthesametime__________.我將在和平時一樣的時間離開辦公室?！炯磳W(xué)即練】單句語法填空①WangWeirodeinfrontofme_____usual.②_______arule,peoplethathateyouaren'tthathelpful.③Wemissedthetrainasaresult_______misreadingthetime.【思維拓展】usually通常地asarule通常，一般說來asaresultof由于，因?yàn)?1..asif引導(dǎo)的從句在句中作表語，asif“仿佛；好像”?！镜湫屠洹縏hechildtalkedtous____hewereagrown-up.那孩子跟我們談起話來，像個大人似的。Shelefttheroomhurriedly_______shewasangry.她匆忙離開了房間，好像很生氣的樣子。Thecloudsaregathering.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.烏云密布，天看起來像要下雨了?！炯磳W(xué)即練】單句語法填空①—Whatanoise!Icanhardlystandit.—Itsounds___iftheyarehavingapartynextdoor.②Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedasif______(see)whetherhewasgoingintherightdirection.③Hetalksasif______(drink).【思維拓展】asif＝asthough仿佛；好像evenif＝eventhough即使注意：若asif引導(dǎo)的從句可能是真實(shí)的事或情形時，用陳述語氣；若與事實(shí)相反或不符，通常用虛擬語氣。表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句謂語動詞用過去時，be動詞用were；表示與過去事實(shí)相反時，從句謂語動詞用過去完成時，表示與將來事實(shí)相反，謂語動詞用would/could/might＋動詞原形。(1)asif/asthough引導(dǎo)表語從句時，如果是客觀的事實(shí)，用真實(shí)的語氣；如果是不可能發(fā)生的事，只是一種想象、猜測，則用虛擬語氣。(2)asif/asthough引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，要用虛擬語氣。(3)asif引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句時可用省略形式，后面接名詞、形容詞、副詞和介詞短語，也可跟分詞或不定式。12.cometoanend結(jié)束；終止【典型例句】Themeetinghascometo____end.會議已經(jīng)結(jié)束了。Theirquarrelcame_____anendfinally.他們的爭吵終于結(jié)束了。Hemanagedtobringtheterriblesituation____anend.他設(shè)法結(jié)束了這種糟糕的局面。【即學(xué)即練】單句語法填空①Thankfully，Imanagedtogetthroughthegameandthepainwasworthitin____end.②Whenitcomesto________(express)himself,heisalittleshy.③_____cametomethatperhapshedidunderstand.【思維拓展】beat____end結(jié)束attheend____在……的盡頭reachtheend___theline/road窮途末路intheend最終，最后make_____meet使收支相抵；勉強(qiáng)維持生計Whenitcomes/came_____sth./doingsth.談到……；說到……Itcomes/came_____sb.that...某人忽然想到……【誤區(qū)警示】cometoanend的主語是物，不用于______。若表示“使……結(jié)束”，則用bringsth.to_____end。13.nothingbut除……外什么也沒有；只有；僅僅【典型例句】FormilesandmilesIcouldseenothing______agreatfireandlotsofsmoke.一連好幾英里，除了大火和濃煙我什么也看不見。Hedid_______butsleepalldaylong.他什么也不干，成天睡覺。Icandonothing_____obeyit.我只能服從。Iwas________buthappyaboutgoing.我一點(diǎn)也不愿意出去。Sheisnothing_____ahousewife.她只不過是個家庭主婦。Nothingwoulddobut_____heshouldbehere.一切都無用，除非他來了?！炯磳W(xué)即練】完成句子①土底下只有沙子。Underthesoil___________________②我不得不贊賞他的勇敢、力量和能力。Icannot_help___________admirehiscourage,strengthandability.③我們到達(dá)時比賽幾乎結(jié)束了。Thegamewas_all______overbythetimewearrived.【思維拓展】anything_____絕不，根本不all_____除……外全都，幾乎but_____除……外；要不是can(orcould)not____不得不，忍不住cannot(orcouldn't)helpbut_____不能不，不得不not...______...不(是)……而(是)……14.ruinn.&vt.破壞；毀壞【典型例句】Thestorm________thecrops.暴風(fēng)雨毀壞了莊稼。Ifyougoonlikethis,you'll_______yourself.如果你繼續(xù)這樣下去，你會毀了你自己。Thecitylaidin________aftertheearthquake.地震之后，這座城市變成了一片廢墟。Ofcourse,someofthebuildingsarenowin__________.當(dāng)然，有些樓房現(xiàn)在成了一片廢墟。【即學(xué)即練】單句語法填空①Yearsoffightinghaveleftthearea_____ruins.②Theyletthepalacefall______ruin.③Theyhavethoughtthatpersonswouldtendtoruin___________(they).【思維拓展】in______嚴(yán)重受損；破敗不堪betheruinof成為……毀滅(或墮落)的原因come/fall_____ruin毀滅，滅亡；崩潰；破壞掉bringsb.____ruin使某人失??；使傾家蕩產(chǎn)bringruinupononeself＝ruin_______自取滅亡_______one'shealth/fame毀壞某人的健康/名譽(yù)15.介詞短語，在句中作主語補(bǔ)足語，表示主語的狀態(tài)?！镜湫屠洹縔oushouldn'thaveleftallthewindows_____whenyouweresleeping.你睡覺時本不該開著所有的窗子的。(形容詞作賓補(bǔ))Sheranaway，_______herboyfriendintherainalone.她跑開了，留她的男友一個人在雨中。(介詞短語作賓補(bǔ))It'simpoliteofyoutoleavetheguest_______outsideforhalfanhour.你讓客人在外面站了半個小時真是不禮貌。(現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ))Theguestsleftmostofthedishes_______，becausetheydidn'ttastedelicious.大部分菜客人們都沒有動，因?yàn)樗鼈儾豢煽凇?過去分詞作賓補(bǔ))【即學(xué)即練】單句語法填空①Weshouldnotleavethetapwater_______(run)orwasteanymaterialsinthelabclass.②PleaseexcusemeifIhaveleftanyofyourquestions________(unanswer)．③Hisillnesslefthim________aweakheart.【思維拓展】1．leave表示“使處于……狀態(tài)”時，可構(gòu)成“l(fā)eave＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。2．其中賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、介詞(短語)等充當(dāng)。16.twothirds是英語中的分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)法。one-third三分之一aquarter四分之一ahalf二分之一three-fourths四分之三two-fifths＝twofifths五分之二【典型例句】Three-fourthsofthestudents________watchingmovies.四分之三的學(xué)生喜歡看電影?！炯磳W(xué)即練】單句寫作①60個問題中只有三分之一的答案是正確的。Only_one-third_of_the_60_questions_______answered_correctly.②地球表面的四分之三是海洋。Three-fourths_of_the_surface_of_the_earth__________sea.③我班四分之三的學(xué)生是男生。Three_fourths_of_the_students_in_our_class_______boys.【誤區(qū)警示】(1)分?jǐn)?shù)的分子與分母之間的連字符可有可無。(2)“分?jǐn)?shù)＋n.”在句中作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于分?jǐn)?shù)后的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。(3)在英語中，表示分?jǐn)?shù)時，分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞。如果分子大于1，分母則要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，即其后加-s。17.thenumberof……的數(shù)量【典型例句】TodaythenumberofpeoplelearningEnglishinChinaisincreasingrapidly.目前在中國學(xué)習(xí)英語的人數(shù)正在迅速增加?！炯磳W(xué)即練】單句語法填空①Anumberofteachers_____(be)presenttoday:thenumberofthemis(be)300.②Thenumberofpeopleaskingtogothere_____(be)ontheincrease.③Anumberofhouses_________(be)burntdowninthefire.【思維拓展】(1)anumberof等同于many，意為“許多的”，修飾可數(shù)名詞______形式，當(dāng)其所修飾的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用_____形式。(2)thenumberof意為“……的數(shù)目”，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，作主語時，謂語動詞用____數(shù)。18.Everywhere在句中作連詞用，引導(dǎo)狀語從句，意為“所到之處”?！镜湫屠洹縚_______theywent,theywerekindlyreceived.他們每到一處都受到了友好的接待?！炯磳W(xué)即練】完成句子①無論我到哪里，狗都跟著我。Thedogfollowedme_________________②祝賀像潮水一樣從四面八方涌來。Congratulationspouredin___________________③你可以去任何你想去的地方。Youcango________________________【思維拓展】(1)everywhere可用作副詞用作副詞時，不要在其前使用________之類的介詞。注意：有時根據(jù)需要可與介詞__________連用。(2)everywhere可用作表語用作表語時，表示某種情況很普遍。(3)everywhere可用作名詞，作_____語。19.tensofthousandsof數(shù)以萬計的【典型例句】__________________peoplewerewatchingthegameinthestadiumwhenitbegantorain.數(shù)以萬計的人正在體育館看比賽，這時天突然下起雨來。【即學(xué)即練】完成句子①數(shù)以萬計的人離開農(nóng)村到城市工作。__________________leftthecountrysidetoworkinthecity.②問題是，數(shù)百萬的人都失業(yè)了。Theproblemisthat______________areunemployed.③我在她身上花費(fèi)了無數(shù)的金錢。Ispent_________________onher.【思維拓展】hundredsof數(shù)以百計的thousandsof數(shù)以千計的dozensof_________scoresof____________millionsof數(shù)以百萬計的hundredsandhundredsof成百上千的hundredsofthousandsof________________【誤區(qū)警示】thousand,hundred等前有具體數(shù)字時不用復(fù)數(shù)，后接名詞時不用___；但如果是表示不確定的數(shù)目，即表示“概數(shù)”時，用_____形式，且后跟of。20.shockn．震驚；令人震驚的事；休克vt.(使)震驚【典型例句】Hehasneverrecoveredfromthe_____ofhisfather'sdeath.他一直沒有從他爸爸去世的打擊中恢復(fù)過來。Itwasquite___shocktoseemyfaceonthatscreen!從那個屏幕上看到我的臉，真讓人驚愕不已！Theysatthereinshockanddisbelief.他們吃驚地坐在那里，不敢相信這是真的。Yes,wearestill______shock,butwecame.是的，我們?nèi)匀桓械秸痼@，但我們來了?！炯磳W(xué)即練】單句語法填空①Lincoln'sdeathwasapieceofsurprisingnews.Thewholenationwas_____(shock)atthesadnews.②Logan'sdeathwaspointless—thatwaspartofthereasonwewere_____shock.③Hecamestraighttothequestionofmoney,whichwasashock_______me.【思維拓展】________adj.感到驚奇的，驚訝的(主語多為人)________adj.令人氣憤的，令人驚訝的(主語多為物)beshocked_______(doing)sth.被……震驚beshocked_______sth.懼怕做某事Itshockedsb.to_________...看見/聽到……使某人震驚(be)ashock________sb.對某人來說是個打擊inshock震驚；吃驚21.digout掘出；發(fā)現(xiàn)【典型例句】They_______outanoldvase.他們挖出了一個舊花瓶。Itried________thetruth.我設(shè)法找出真相?！炯磳W(xué)即練】完成句子①我一定記得幫你翻出那本書。Imustrememberto_______________foryou.②你得自己把那株植物挖出來。Youwouldhaveto_____________________③他們想深入研究他們感興趣的課題。Theywantto____________________thattheyareinterestedin.【思維拓展】dig_______挖掘；深入鉆研dig_______找出；查明；挖出22.trapvt.使落入險境；使陷入圈套n．險境；陷阱【典型例句】Theyweretrapped______theburningbuilding.他們被困在著火的大樓里。Hetrappedme________believinghim.他誘使我相信他的話。Thedeerwascaught_______ourtrap.那只鹿落入了我們的陷阱?！炯磳W(xué)即練】單句語法填空①Wedesirethatimmediatehelpshouldbegiventothelocalvillagerswhohavebeen__________(trap)bytheflood.②Theyset________trapforhimandhewalkedrightintoit.③Thestreamhasfrozenup;youcanseethefishtrapped_______theice.【思維拓展】trapsb._________(doing)．..誘使某人(做)……betrapped_______...困在……中，陷在……中set_______/________設(shè)陷阱23.buryvt.埋葬；安葬；使沉浸；使專心【典型例句】He__________________hiswifesometwoyearsbeforeheretired.大概在他退休前兩年，他妻子去世了。IwashorrifiedthatpeoplewouldthinkIwasdeadand________mealive.想到人們會認(rèn)為我死了并把我活埋，我覺得恐懼萬分。Sincesheleft,hehasburiedhimself______work.自從她走后，他全心撲在工作上。Shesatthere,______________inthoughts.她坐在那兒，陷入了沉思。【即學(xué)即練】單句語法填空___________(bury)inanunderground,thesestatueswerepreservedwell.②Sincethefinalsarecoming,hedeeplyburies________(he)instudy.③Seeingthepicture,hewasburied________thoughts.【思維拓展】burysth.in...把……埋到……里buryoneself______(doing)sth.埋頭于；專心致志于(做)某事beburied_______埋頭于；專心于beburiedin______沉思buryone's_____inone's______雙手掩面beburied________被活埋；隱居提示：表示“專心于，致力于”意義的短語還有：__________________________等。24breathevi.&vt.呼吸【典型例句】Ifyou________onthewindow,youcanwriteyournameinthemist.如果你往玻璃窗上哈氣，你可以在霧蒙蒙的窗上寫下你的名字。Theairwassocoldthatwecouldhardly_________.空氣非常寒冷，我們難以呼吸。Shewasbeginningto_________moreeasily.她呼吸開始較為順暢了?！炯磳W(xué)即練】單句語法填空①Afterclimbingthatlongflightofstairsshewascompletelyout________breath.②Theyheld________(they)breathwhentheywatchedthematch.③Ineedtostopsometimesandtake_______breath.【思維拓展】breathe______吸入breathe_______呼出breathn．呼吸____________adj.喘不過氣來的；無風(fēng)的hold__________breath屏住呼吸out______breath氣喘吁吁；上氣不接下氣take______breath歇口氣，歇會兒透口氣getone'sbreath_________喘過氣來，恢復(fù)正常呼吸___________one'sbreath氣喘吁吁，上氣不接下氣25.effortn．努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力【典型例句】YoucannotlearnChinesewellwithoutmakinggreat___________只有努力，你才能學(xué)好漢語。Wemake______________efforttomakemorefilms,andinturnthiscreatesfurtherenvironmentalpollution.我們竭力制作出更多的電影，反過來這又造成了進(jìn)一步的環(huán)境污染。One'ssuccessislargelyduetohis________________.一個人的成功在很大程度上是由于他的努力。It'sawasteoftimeand________________.這是在浪費(fèi)時間和精力。Allhis___________________wereofnoavail.他的努力都沒有用?！炯磳W(xué)即練】單句語法填空①What'sthepoint，inyouropinion，ofhelpinghimifhedoesn'tmakeaneffort_______________(help)himself?②Iamnotsayingthatgreatscientificbookscanberead___________________effort.③Everyoneoughttohaveawillandsparenoeffort________________(achieve)yourtarget.【思維拓展】makeefforts/aneffort/_________effort做出努力spare__________effort不遺余力，盡力去做with(an)effort努力地_______effort毫不費(fèi)力【誤區(qū)警示】1．effort表示一般性的努力(即表泛指意義)，通常是不可數(shù)名詞。2．若強(qiáng)調(diào)一次一次具體的努力，通常是可數(shù)名詞，常與all,these等修飾語連用。26.suffervt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等)受苦【典型例句】Manypeoplearestillsuffering________starvation.很多人仍然在忍受饑餓之苦。Japanis_________anotherdisasterbecauseofthenuclearleak.日本因核泄漏正遭受另一場災(zāi)難。He________manydefeatsbeforesuccess.成功前他失敗了很多次。Thechild______frommeasles.這個小孩得了麻疹?！炯磳W(xué)即練】單句語法填空①M(fèi)rsWhite'slittleboyissuffering______abadflubugagain.②Almost50percentofcancer___________(suffer)aretreatedsuccessfully.③Thiswarhascausedwidespreadhuman_________(suffer)．【思維拓展】suffertheresult/____________/injuries承受結(jié)果/遭受重大損失/負(fù)傷sufferfromheadache/illness/________/theflood遭受頭痛/疾病的困擾/戰(zhàn)爭/洪水sufferingn．(身體、精神上的)痛苦，苦惱，苦難的經(jīng)歷【易混辨析】suffer,sufferfromsuffersuffer后的賓語多為pain,defeat,loss,poverty等，表示的是所受之苦sufferfromfrom后的賓語表示的是受苦的原因27.eruptvi.&vt.(火山)爆發(fā)；(巖漿，煙等)噴出【典型例句】He'slikeavolcanojustwaiting__________.他像一座將要爆發(fā)的火山。Violence__________afterthefootballmatch.足球賽后突然發(fā)生了暴力事件。Thelittlegirlerupted__________cry.那個小女孩突然大哭起來。【即學(xué)即練】單句語法填空①Justassoonasthevolcano__________(erupt),thepolicemenaskedthelocalvillagerstorunawayfromtheirhometown.②The____________(erupt)ofavolcanoisawesome.③Aregionalconflictwoulderupt_______violentwarfare.【思維拓展】erupt___________演變成……；引發(fā)成……eruptionn．爆發(fā)；噴出28.supplyn.供應(yīng)(量)；補(bǔ)給；[pl.]補(bǔ)給品vt.供應(yīng)；供給【典型例句】Thevillagetribeisfriendlyandtheysharetheirwatersupply__________you.村里的部落很友善，他們會和你一起分享水源。Wewillsupplyyou________thecropyourequire.我們會向你們提供所需的農(nóng)作物。The___________isinadequatetomeetthedemand.供不應(yīng)求。He_________thepolicewiththenamesofthoseinvolvedinthecrime.他向警察提供了涉案人員的名字?！炯磳W(xué)即練】單句語法填空①Hesuppliedus_______________freshvegetables.②Nowwesupplypower___________nine-tenthsofthecity'shomes.③What__________(supply)shallweneedforourmountainclimb?④Sheoffered(offer)meherhelptocarrythisbookcase.【思維拓展】_______goodsupplyof/suppliesof大量；備有許多……in________supply供應(yīng)不足；短缺_____________anddemand供求關(guān)系supplysb.______sth./supplysth.______sb.供應(yīng)某人某物__________supplies醫(yī)療用品supplya_______/demand滿足需要【誤區(qū)警示】表示“提供”的詞：supply，provide，offersupplysb._______sth.＝supplysth._______sb.向某人供應(yīng)某物providesb.________sth.＝providesth.________sb.向某人供應(yīng)某物offersb.sth.＝offersth.tosb.向某人提供某物注意：當(dāng)表示“供應(yīng)品；生活用品；補(bǔ)給品”等，常用復(fù)數(shù)heopenair露天；在戶外【典型例句】It'sgoodforyoutorun________theopenair.在戶外跑跑步，對你來說是有益的。Apartfromsometeahouseswithdifferentstyles,teastallswithseatsintheopenairalongtheWestLakearegettingmoreandmorepopular.除了一些風(fēng)格迥異的茶館，圍繞西湖的帶有露天茶座的茶攤也越來越受到人們的歡迎。【即學(xué)即練】單句語法填空①Thefilmwillbeshownin______openairtonight.②Rockwellhopestheprogramcanbe______theairwithinayear.③Theproblemisstill_______theairandwaitstobesolved.【思維拓展】_______theair在廣播中，正在播出的_____theair流行；可感覺到的_______theair停播puton_____裝腔作勢，擺架子_________intheair懸而未決30．powerlines電線(教材P53)powern．電力供應(yīng)；能量；力量；控制力【典型例句】The________ofthegovernmentshasincreasedgreatlyoverthepastcentury.近一個世紀(jì)以來，政府的權(quán)力大大增強(qiáng)了。Heturnedonthe________andthemachineworked.他打開電源，機(jī)器就工作了。Itwasastormthatcutoff_____________tothewholeregion.一場暴雨切斷了整個地區(qū)的電力供應(yīng)。Knowledgeis_____________.知識就是力量。Theboygatheredhis_________togetup.那個男孩聚集力量站了起來。Thereleaseofhostagescouldnotbeachievedwithouttheuseof_______________.不使用武力不可能解救人質(zhì)。【即學(xué)即練】單句語法填空①Therewerepeoplewhodidn'twanthimtocome_______power，andhissupportersweremovinghimeverynighttodifferentsafeplaces.②Televisionmayhavea_______(power)influenceonchildren.③Nowthepartyis_______powerandbringsnewlookonthecountry.【思維拓展】_____________adj.有力量的；有權(quán)力的____________adj.無力的；無權(quán)力的___________power執(zhí)政中come________power當(dāng)權(quán)；上臺31.Taponapipe輕敲管道(教材P53)tapvi.&vt.輕叩；輕敲；輕拍n．水龍頭；輕叩；輕敲【典型例句】Theteacher_______theboyontheshoulder.老師輕輕地拍了拍小男孩的肩膀。ThetoothhurtswhenI______it.我輕敲時牙齒會痛。Therewasa______onthewindow.有人在輕叩窗戶。Don'tleavethetap__________.別讓水龍頭開著。WorkinginalibraryasIdo,Ihaveallthisinformationontap.像我一樣在圖書館工作，我可以隨時查閱這些信息?！炯磳W(xué)即練】單句語法填空①SuddenlyIfeltsomeone____________(tap)meontheshoulder.②Who'sthattapping___________thewindow?③Wehavethissortofinformationontap.【思維拓展】_______tap裝在有龍頭的桶里的，散裝的；現(xiàn)成的；隨時可獲得的tapsth._______打開桶的龍頭放出tapsb./sth.(withsth.)輕拍某人；輕敲某物tap___________輕叩；輕敲32calmadj.鎮(zhèn)靜的；沉著的vt.使平靜；使鎮(zhèn)靜【典型例句】Itookadeepbreathtocalmmyself_______________.我深吸一口氣使自己平靜下來。Afterthestorm,itbecame_______________again.暴風(fēng)雨過后，天氣又恢復(fù)了平靜。Whenfacingdanger,oneshouldkeepcalm;whentakenphotosof,oneshouldkeep_____________;whensomeoneelseisasleep,oneshouldkeep______;inclass,oneshouldn'tkeep___________abouttheteacher'squestions.一個人面對危險時，應(yīng)該保持鎮(zhèn)靜；照相時，應(yīng)該保持不動；他人睡覺時，應(yīng)保持安靜；在課堂上，對老師的問題不應(yīng)保持沉默?！炯磳W(xué)即練】用calm,quiet,still或silent填空①Pleasekeep________whileItakephotosofyou.②Keep______aboutthematter.③Dokeep___________intimeofdanger.④Pleasekeep___________whenyouarelisteningtoyourteachers.【思維拓展】calm(...)________(使……)平靜下來；(使……)鎮(zhèn)定下來_______/stay/becalm保持鎮(zhèn)靜33.firstaidkit急救包(教材P53)aidn．援助；幫助；救援物資vi.&vt.(formal)幫助；援助【典型例句】I________himwithmoney.我資助了他。Agooddictionarycan_______languagelearning.一部好詞典有助于學(xué)習(xí)語言。AidtotheThirdWorldisatpresentlittlemorethanadropintheocean.目前對第三世界的救助不過是杯水車薪。【即學(xué)即練】單句語法填空①Theyaidedthepoorcountry_______money.②Theyencouragedhimandaidedhim_______hisscientificstudies.③Yourguidanceaidedthework________(go)onsmoothly.【思維拓展】________aid急救_______/do/offerfirstaidtosb.對某人進(jìn)行急救withthe_______/helpof...在……的幫助下gotoone's______/help前去幫助某人aidsb._______sth.幫助某人某事aidsb.______(doing)sth.幫助某人做某事aidsb.____________sth.幫助某人做某事34.onhand現(xiàn)有(尤指幫助)【典型例句】Ourteamofexpertswillbe________________toofferhelpandadvicebetween12noonand7pmdaily.每天中午12點(diǎn)到下午7點(diǎn)，我們的專家小組將隨時提供幫助和建議。Therewassimplynocash_____________tomeetthecostoffood.手頭實(shí)在沒有現(xiàn)金可以購買食品。Wehavenobodyonhandtorepairyourcar.我們現(xiàn)在沒有人能修你的車?！炯磳W(xué)即練】用介/副詞填空①Wewillhavesomeexperts______handtogiveyouanyhelpyouneedatalltimes.②Soonschoolwillendandthesummervacationwillbe____________.③TheOlympicorganiserssaythatallmattersarewell__________hand.【思維拓展】_______hand在手邊；即將來臨________hand用手；靠人工hand____________hand手拉手；連在一起地ontheonehand...ontheotherhand一方面……另一方面__________________hand在掌握中；在控制中35.killingmorethan...fourothercountries是現(xiàn)在分詞短語在句中作結(jié)果狀語?！镜湫屠洹縃isfatherdied，______________himalotofmoney(＝andlefthimalotofmoney)．他的爸爸去世了，留給他很多錢。Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam，thus_____________thedelay(＝thusitcausedthedelay)．他們的車?yán)г诹私煌ㄗ枞?，因而耽誤了。Wehurriedtothestation，_________________thatthetrainhadleft.我們匆匆忙忙地趕去車站，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)走了?！炯磳W(xué)即練】完成句子①有80多個國家踢歐式足球，使之成為最受歡迎的運(yùn)動。Europeanfootballisplayedinmorethan80countries，_________________________-.②他今天沒來，因而我們必須找人干他的工作。Hedidn'tcometoday,_______________________________________③散會后他們分了手，從此再也沒有見面。Afterthemeeting,theypartedcompany,______________________________【思維拓展】1．現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語時表示自然而然的結(jié)果，它常常位于句末，可以擴(kuò)展為一個含有并列謂語的簡單句。2．不定式作結(jié)果狀語時常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，且其前可加only表示強(qiáng)調(diào)?！菊`區(qū)警示】現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語和句子的主語應(yīng)保持一致。36.crashvt.&vi.碰撞；撞擊；墜毀n．撞車；碰撞【典型例句】Atruckwentoutofcontrolandcrashed_______________thebackofabus.貨車失控撞到了一輛公共汽車的尾部。Shestormedoutoftheroomand______________thedoorshutbehindher.她憤怒地沖出房間并隨手把門砰的一聲關(guān)上。Sixpeoplewerekilledyesterdayinthecar_____________________.昨天的車禍中6人死亡。【即學(xué)即練】單句語法填空①Theplane_______________(crash)soonaftertake-off.②Thecarcrashed__________abusonthebridge,andthedriverwaskilledonthespot.③Threemencrashed_________oftheprisonyesterday.【思維拓展】rash(...)________...(把……)與……相撞，撞上……crash__________嘩啦一聲或咔嚓倒下或摔下crashout＝escape逃出37.sweepaway消滅；徹底消除【典型例句】Thetownwas_________awayintheearthquake.這個城鎮(zhèn)在那次地震中被夷為平地。Anydoubtshadlongsincebeenswept________.一切懷疑早已完全消除。Wewouldliketobeable_____________awaythoseharmfulrumors.我們希望能夠清除那些有害的謠言。【即學(xué)即練】用介/副詞填空①First，wecleanourhouseandsweep_______badluck,andthenwepaintdoorsandwindowsred.②Hewassofullofhisownschemesthatheswept________reasonabledoubts.③Whowillsweep_________therubbishaftertheparty？【思維拓展】sweep________對……置之不理；全然無視；不理會sweep______涌上……心頭；使……難以抑制sweep_________輕易地通過sweepalong打動；感染sweep________清掃；清除38.waven．海浪；波浪vi.&vt.揮手；招手【典型例句】Thethirdwavewassostrongthatitknockedmebackwards.第三次波浪太大了，把我打了回去。Theycametothefrontdoorto___________goodbye.他們來到前門揮手告別。Hegavemea_________.他向我揮手。MymotherwascryingasIwavedgoodbyetoher.當(dāng)我揮手跟母親說再見時，她哭了。【即學(xué)即練】單句語法填空①Amanintheriverwasshoutingand____________(wave)hisarmsarounddesperately.②Theofficerwavedhismen_______________(advance)．③Wheneverhischildrenwave__________________himtohandoveracupofhotcoffee,hefeelsextremelyhappy.【思維拓展】radio_______________無線電波givesb.___________wave向某人揮手wave___________________sb.向某人招手/揮手eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(wavesb.goodbye,wavegoodbyetosb.))揮手告別某人39.過去分詞短語作后置定語【典型例句】Abalanceddietprovidesnutritionforyourbody.均衡的飲食為你的身體提供營養(yǎng)。HaveyoureadthenovelswrittenbyDickens(＝whichwere______byDickens)?你讀過狄更斯寫的小說嗎？【即學(xué)即練】單句語法填空①Youcannotacceptanopinion______(offer)toyouunlessitisbasedonfacts.②The_______(retire)manwasveryinterestedinpainting.③Whoweretheso-calledguests_________(invite)toyourpartylastnight？【思維拓展】過去分詞(短語)作定語的用法：①可表示被動和動作已完成。②單個過去分詞作定語時多前置，過去分詞短語作定語時多后置。③過去分詞短語作后置定語時可轉(zhuǎn)化為定語從句。40.strikevt.&vi.(struck,struck/stricken)侵襲；突擊；擊打n．罷工；罷課；襲擊【典型例句】Theworkerswerestriking/__________becausetheywantedmoremoney.工人們在罷工，因?yàn)樗麄円鬂q工資。Whentheclock______five，thestrikestarted.當(dāng)鐘敲響了五點(diǎn)，罷工開始了。It________________methatnoneofthemtrustseachother.使我震驚的是他們當(dāng)中沒有一個人信賴對方。Greatdamagehasbeencausedbythetornadowhich_________thearealastweek.上周侵襲這一地區(qū)的龍卷風(fēng)造成了巨大的損失?！炯磳W(xué)即練】單句語法填空①It________________(strike)methattherewasnooneathome.②Theplanesmadeasuddenstrike____________theharbor.③Manypeoplefeelsorryforthe__________________(strike)．【思維拓展】bestruck____________________為……所侵襲；為……所觸動/感動It_________methat...我突然意識到……；我的印象是……_____________amatch劃火柴strike____________打在……上；撞到……上be______strike在罷工_________onstrike舉行罷工strikern．罷工者；前鋒；射手41.asmanyas【典型例句】Asmany_______ahundredpeopleattendedthemeeting.參加會議的有一百人之多。Youmaytakeas________asyouneed.你需要多少椅子就拿走多少椅子?！炯磳W(xué)即練】完成句子①他一天喝三瓶牛奶。Hedrinksasmany________threebottlesofmilkaday.②我能吃多少就吃了多少。Iateasmuch___________Icould.③事實(shí)上，它整整花了我100美元。Infactitcostmeasmuch_______________100dollars.【思維拓展】1．a(chǎn)smanyas其后通常直接跟具體數(shù)量，表示“多達(dá)”“……之多”“整整”的意思。2．a(chǎn)smuchas...的用法如下：表示數(shù)量：表示具體的數(shù)量，其后通常接有具體數(shù)量，其意為“……之多”“多達(dá)”“整整”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“多”。表示模糊的數(shù)量，其意為“與……一樣多”，有時much后可接被修飾的名詞(不可數(shù))。42.standat達(dá)到【典型例句】Yourbankbalancestands______$720.98.你的銀行存款余額為720.98美元?！炯磳W(xué)即練】單句語法填空①—ThebookiswrittenbyT．C.Smith.—Whatdoesthe“T.C.”stand_______?②Onewhostands______youintimesoftroubleisyourtruefriend.③Doyoustandwell_______yourboss？【思維拓展】stand______代表；支持stand______(在某人心中)處于(何種)位置；被(如何)看待stand_________支持；袖手旁觀；準(zhǔn)備；站在旁邊43句中when用作并列連詞，意為“這時(突然)”，相當(dāng)于_______或__________________。【典型例句】Wewerediscussingthemathsproblem____________theheadmastercamein.我們正在討論數(shù)學(xué)問題，這時校長進(jìn)來了。Iwasabouttostart_________________itbegantorain.我正要動身，這時下雨了。Theywereonthepointofleaving______________thepowerwascutoff.他們正要離開，這時突然停電了。Ihadjustfinishedreadingthenovel__________myfathercamein.我剛讀完這本小說，這時父親進(jìn)來了?！炯磳W(xué)即練】完成句子①孩子們正在操場上踢足球，突然下起了大雨。Thechildren__________________________________________________.②我們正準(zhǔn)備給你打電話，這時你的電報來了。______________________________________________yourtelegramarrived.