機(jī)械類(lèi)外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯

......文獻(xiàn)翻譯英文原文：NOVELMETHODOFREALIZINGTHEOPTIMALTRANSMISSIONOFTHECRANK-AND-ROCKERMECHANISMDESIGNAbstract:Anovelmethodofrealizingtheoptimaltransmissionofthecrank-and-rockermechanismispresented.Theoptimalcombinationdesignismadebyfindingtherelatedoptimaltransmissionparameters.Thediagramoftheoptimaltransmissionisdrawn.Inthediagram,therelationamongminimumtransmissionangle,thecoefficientoftravelspeedvariation,theoscillatingangleoftherockerandthelengthofthebarsisshown,concisely,convenientlyanddirectly.Themethodpossessesthemaincharacteristic.Thatitistoachievetheoptimaltransmissionparametersunderthetransmissionanglebydirectlychoosinginthediagram,accordingtothegivenrequirements.Thecharacteristicsofthemechanicaltransmissioncanbeimprovedtogaintheoptimaltransmissioneffectbythemethod.Especially,themethodissimpleandconvenientinpracticaluse.Keywords：Crank-and-rockermechanism,Optimaltransmissionangle,CoefficientoftravelspeedvariationINTRODUCTIONByconventionalmethodofthecrank-and-rockerdesign,itisverydifficulttorealizetheoptimalcombinationbetweenthevariousparametersforoptimaltransmission.Thefigure-tabledesignmethodintroducedinthispapercanhelpachievethisgoal.Withgivenconditions,wecan,byonlyconsultingthedesigningfiguresandtables,gettherelationsbetweeneveryparameterandanotherofthedesignedcrank-and-rockermechanism.Thustheoptimaltransmissioncanberealized.Theconcerneddesigningtheoryandmethod,aswellastherealcasesofitsapplicationwillbeintroducedlaterrespectively.ESTABLISHMENTOFDIAGRAMFOROPTIMALTRANSMISSIONDESIGN Itisalwaysoneofthemostimportantindexesthatdesignerspursuetoimprovetheefficiencyandpropertyofthetransmission.Thecrank-and-rockermechanismiswidelyusedinthemechanicaltransmission.Howtoimproveworkabilityandreduceunnecessarypowerlossesisdirectlyrelatedtothecoefficientoftravelspeedvariation,theoscillatingangleoftherockerandtheratioofthecrankandrocker.Thereasonablecombinationoftheseparameterstakesanimportanteffectontheefficiencyandpropertyofthemechanism,whichmainlyindicatesintheevaluationoftheminimumtransmissionangle.Theaimrealizingtheoptimaltransmissionofthemechanismishowtofindthemaximumoftheminimumtransmissionangle.Thedesignparametersarereasonablycombinedbythemethodoflesseningconstraintsgraduallyandoptimizingseparately.Consequently,thecompleteconstraintfieldrealizingtheoptimaltransmissionisestablished.Thefollowingstepsaretakenintheusualdesignmethod.Firstly,theinitialvaluesofthelengthofrockerl3andtheoscillatingangleofrockeraregiven.ThenthevalueofthecoefficientoftravelspeedvariationKischoseninthepermittedrange.Meanwhile,thecoordinateofthefixedhingeofcrankApossiblyrealizediscalculatedcorrespondingtovalueK.1.1LengthofbarsofcrankandrockermechanismAsshowninFig.1,leftarcC2GisthepermittedfieldofpointA.ThecoordinatesofpointAarechosenbysmallstepfrompointC2topointG.ThecoordinatesofpointAareyAyc2h0(1)xAR2yA2(2)whereh,thestep,isincreasedbysmallincrementwithinrange(0,H).If0thesmallerthechosenstepis,thehigherthecomputationalprecisionwillbe.Ristheradiusofthedesigncircle.disthedistancefromCtoG.2......dlcos2Rcos(2)l3cos2(3) 3 2CalculatingthelengthofarcACandAC,thelengthofthebarsofthe 1 2mechanismcorrespondingtopointAisobtained[1,2].1.2MinimumtransmissionangleminMinimumtransmissionangle(seeFig.2)isdeterminedbytheminequations[3]l2l2(ll)2 cos2 3 4 1(4) min 2ll23l2l2(ll)2 cos2 3 4 1(5) max 2ll23180(6) min maxwherel——Lengthofcrank(mm)1l——Lengthofconnectingbar(mm)2l——Lengthofrocker(mm)3l——Lengthofmachineframe(mm)4Firstly,wechooseminimumcomparingwith.Andthenwe min minrecordallvaluesofgreaterthanorequalto40andchoosetheminmaximumofthem.Secondly,wefindthemaximumofcorrespondingtoanyoscillatingminanglewhichischosenbysmallstepinthepermittedrange(maximumofisdifferentoscillatingangleandthecoefficientoftravelspeedvariationminK).Finally,wechangethelengthofrockerlbysmallstepsimilarly.Thuswe3mayobtainthemaximumofcorrespondingtothedifferentlengthofbars,mindifferentoscillatingangleandthecoefficientoftravelspeedvariationK.Fig.3isaccomplishedfromTableforthepurposeofdiagramdesign.

Itisworthpointingoutthatwhateverthelengthofrocklisevaluated,r3thelocationthatthemaximumofarisesisonlyrelatedtotheratiooftheminlengthofrockerandthelengthofmachineframel/l,whileindependentof 3 4l.3DESIGNMETHOD2.1RealizingtheoptimaltransmissiondesigngiventhecoefficientoftravelspeedvariationandthemaximumoscillatingangleoftherockerThedesignprocedureisasfollows.(1)AccordingtogivenKand,takenaccounttotheformulatheextremeincludedangleisfound.Thecorrespondingratioofthelengthofbarsl/l4isobtainedconsultingFig.3.K1180(7)K1Choosethelengthofrockerlaccordingtotheworkrequirement,the3lengthofthemachineframeisobtainedfromtheratiol/l. 3 4ChoosethecentreoffixedhingeDasthevertexarbitrarily,andplotanisoscelestriangle,thesideofwhichisequaltothelengthofrockerl(seeFig.4),3andCDC.ThenplotCMCC,drawCN,andmakeangle2 2 12 1CCN90.ThusthepointofintersectionofCMandCNisgained.1 2 1Finally,drawthecircumcircleoftrianglePCC.12(4)PlotanarcwithpointDasthecentreofthecircle,lastheradius.The4arcintersectionsarcCGatpointA.PointAisjustthecentreofthefixed2hingeofthecrank.Therefore,fromthelengthofthecrankl(ACAC)/2(8)1 2andthelengthoftheconnectingbarlACl(9)1 1wewillobtainthecrankandrockermechanismconsistedofl,l,l,and 1 2 3......l.Thustheoptimaltransmissionpropertyisrealizedundergivenconditions.42.2Realizingtheoptimaltransmissiondesigngiventhelengthoftherocker(orthelengthofthemachineframe)andthecoefficientoftravelspeedvariationWetakethefollowingsteps.(1)Theappropriateratioofthebarsl/lcanbechosenaccordingtogiven 3 4K.Furthermore,wefindthelengthofmachineframel(thelengthofrocker4l).3(2)ThecorrespondingoscillatingangleoftherockercanbeobtainedconsultingFig.3.Andwecalculatetheextremeincludedangle.Thenrepeat(3)and(4)insection2.13DESIGNEXAMPLETheknownconditionsarethatthecoefficientoftravelspeedvariationK1.1818andmaximumoscillatingangle40.Thecrankandrockermechanismrealizingtheoptimaltransmissionisdesignedbythediagramsolutionmethodpresentedabove.First,withEq.(7),wecancalculatetheextremeincludedangle15.Then,wefindl/l0.93consultingFig.3accordingtothevaluesofand. 3 4Ifevaluatel50mm,thenwewillobtainl50/0.9353.76mm. 3 4Next,drawsketch(omitted).Asresult,thelengthofbarsisl16mm,l46mm,l502 3mm,l53.76mm.4Theminimumtransmissionangleisl2l2(ll2) arccos2 3 4 146.3698 min 2ll3Theresultsobtainedbycomputerarel16.2227mm,l44.5093mm, 1 2l50.0000mm,l53.8986mm.4ProvidedthatthefiguredesigniscarriedundertheconditionoftheAutoCADcircumstances,veryprecisedesignresultscanbeachieved.CONCLUSIONS Anovelapproachofdiagramsolutioncanrealizetheoptimaltransmissionofthecrank-and-rockermechanism.Themethodissimpleandconvenientinthepracticaluse.Inconventionaldesignofmechanism,taking0.1mmasthevalueofeffectivetheprecisionofthecomponentsizeswillbeenough.譯文：認(rèn)識(shí)曲柄搖臂機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的最優(yōu)傳動(dòng)方法摘要：一種曲柄搖臂機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的最優(yōu)傳動(dòng)的方法被提出。這種優(yōu)化組合設(shè)計(jì)被用來(lái)找出最優(yōu)的傳遞參數(shù)。得出最優(yōu)傳遞圖。在圖中，在極小的傳動(dòng)角度之間,滑移速度變化系數(shù)，搖臂的擺動(dòng)角度和桿的長(zhǎng)度被直觀地顯示。這是這種方法擁有的主要特征。根據(jù)指定的要求，它將傳動(dòng)角度之下的最優(yōu)傳動(dòng)參數(shù)直接地表達(dá)在圖上。通過(guò)這種方法，機(jī)械傳動(dòng)的特性能用以獲取最優(yōu)傳動(dòng)效果。特別是，這種方法是簡(jiǎn)單和實(shí)用的。關(guān)鍵字：曲柄搖臂機(jī)構(gòu)最優(yōu)傳動(dòng)角度滑移速度變化系數(shù)介紹由曲柄搖臂機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的常規(guī)方法,在各種各樣的參量之間很難找出優(yōu)化組合的最優(yōu)傳動(dòng)。通過(guò)本文介紹的圖面設(shè)計(jì)方法可以幫助達(dá)到這個(gè)目的。在指定的情況下，通過(guò)觀查設(shè)計(jì)圖面,我們就能得到每個(gè)參量和另外一個(gè)曲柄搖臂機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)之間的聯(lián)系。由因認(rèn)識(shí)最優(yōu)傳動(dòng)。具體的設(shè)計(jì)的理論和方法，以及它們各自的應(yīng)用事例將在以下介紹。優(yōu)化傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)的建立優(yōu)化傳動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì)一直是設(shè)計(jì)師改進(jìn)傳輸效率和追求產(chǎn)量的最重要的索引的當(dāng)中一個(gè)。曲柄搖臂機(jī)構(gòu)被廣泛應(yīng)用在機(jī)械傳動(dòng)中。如何改進(jìn)工作效率和減少多余的功率損失直接地與滑移速度變化系數(shù)，搖臂的擺動(dòng)角度和曲柄搖臂的比率有關(guān)系。這些參數(shù)的合理組合采用對(duì)機(jī)械效率和產(chǎn)量有重要作用,這些主要體現(xiàn)在極小的傳輸角度上。認(rèn)識(shí)機(jī)械優(yōu)化傳動(dòng)目的是找到極小的傳輸角度的最大值。設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)是適度地減少限制而且分開(kāi)的合理優(yōu)化方法的結(jié)合。因此，完全限制領(lǐng)域的優(yōu)化傳動(dòng)建立了。以下步驟被采用在通常的設(shè)計(jì)方法。首先，測(cè)量出搖臂的長(zhǎng)度l3和搖臂的擺動(dòng)角度的初始值。然后滑移速度變化系數(shù)K的值被定在允許的范圍內(nèi)。同時(shí)，曲柄固定的鉸接座標(biāo)A可能被認(rèn)為是任意值K。1.1曲柄搖臂機(jī)構(gòu)桿的長(zhǎng)度由圖Fig.1，左弧C2G是點(diǎn)A被允許的領(lǐng)域。點(diǎn)A的座標(biāo)的選擇從點(diǎn)C2到點(diǎn)G。......點(diǎn)A的座標(biāo)是yAyc2h0(1)xAR2yA2(2)當(dāng)h，高度，在range(0，H)被逐漸增加。如果選的越小,計(jì)算精度將越高。R0是設(shè)計(jì)圓的半徑。d是從C到G的距離。2dl3cos2Rcos(2)l3cos2(3)2計(jì)算弧AC和AC的長(zhǎng)度，機(jī)械桿對(duì)應(yīng)于點(diǎn)A的長(zhǎng)度是obtained[1,2]。 1 21.2極小的傳動(dòng)角度min極小的傳動(dòng)角度(參見(jiàn)Fig.2)由equations[3]確定minl2l2(ll)2cos2341(4)min 2ll23l2l2(ll)2cos2341(5)max 2ll23180(6) min max由于l——曲柄的長(zhǎng)度(毫米)1l——連桿的長(zhǎng)度（毫米）2l——搖臂的長(zhǎng)度（毫米）3l——機(jī)器的長(zhǎng)度（毫米）4首先,我們比較極小值和。并且我們記錄所有的值大于或等于min min min40，然后選擇他們之間的最大值。第二,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)最大值對(duì)應(yīng)于一個(gè)逐漸變小的范圍的任一個(gè)擺動(dòng)的角度min(最大值是不同于擺動(dòng)的角度和滑移速度變化系數(shù)K)。min最后,我們相似地慢慢縮小搖臂l的長(zhǎng)度。因而我們能獲得最大值對(duì)應(yīng)3 min于桿的不同長(zhǎng)度,另外擺動(dòng)的角度和滑移速度變化系數(shù)K。Fig.3成功的表達(dá)設(shè)計(jì)的目的。它確定了無(wú)論是搖臂的長(zhǎng)度l,最大值出現(xiàn)的地點(diǎn)，只與搖臂的長(zhǎng)度和機(jī)3 min械的長(zhǎng)度的比率l/l有關(guān),當(dāng)確定l時(shí)。 3 4 3設(shè)計(jì)方法2.1認(rèn)識(shí)最優(yōu)傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)下滑移速度變化系數(shù)和搖臂的最大擺動(dòng)的角度設(shè)計(jì)步驟如下。(1)根據(jù)所給的K和，通常采取對(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)極限角度的解釋。桿的長(zhǎng)度的對(duì)應(yīng)的比率l/l是從圖Fig.3獲得的。4K1180(7)K1根據(jù)工作要求選擇搖臂的長(zhǎng)度l，機(jī)械的長(zhǎng)度是從比率l/l獲得的。 3 3 4任意地選擇固定的鉸接的中心D作為端點(diǎn)，并且做一個(gè)等腰三角形,令一條邊與