2021年山西省呂梁市高考英語(yǔ)一模試卷

2021年山西省呂梁市高考英語(yǔ)一模試卷

學(xué)校:姓名：班級(jí)：考號(hào)：

一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共45.0分）

A

Theholidayseasonisuponusandthoughtheymayfeelabitdifferentthisyear-withoutlarge

get-togethers,theholidaysthemselvesarecertainlynotcanceled.Decemberisfilledwith

celebrations.Herearesomeofthemostunusualwayspeoplebringthefestivitieshome-all

aroundtheworld.

KentuckyFriedChristmas

Japan

KentuckyFriedchickenmightnotbethefirstthingthatcomestomindwhenyouthinkof

Christmas,butovertheyears,ithasbecomequitetheholidaytraditioninJapan.Inorderto

ensureyougetyourhandsinaholidaybucket,itissuggestedthatyouorderinadvance,as

nearly4millionpeoplechooseKFCastheirChristmasdinner.

ThrowingoftheShoe

CzechRepublic

ThisChristianstraditionhasnothingtodowithtrimmingtreesorsingingcarols.Rather,young

womenstepoutsidetheirhomesonChristmasEveandinsteadofwaitingforSanta,theythrow

ashoeovertheirshoulders.Howitlandissaidtopredictifthewomanwillmarrynextyear.

BurningEffigies

Ecuador

Newyear'sEvecomeswithawholesetoftraditionsandcustomerstosymbolicallyleavethe

previousyearbehind.Herejmonigoies”-figuresthatrepresentwhatwentwronginthelast

year,sometimespoliticiansarethenburnedintothenight.

SaunaVisit

Estonia

Thisisaholidaytraditionmostpeoplewouldhappilygetbehind.OnChristmasEve,after

spendingthedaysettingupforthefollowingday'sfestivities,itistraditionaltosweatitoutin

saunawithyourfamily.

1.Whichholidaytraditiondoyouneedtobookinadvance?

A.SaunaVisit.B.BurningEffigies.

C.ThrowingoftheShoe.D.KentuckyFriedChristmas.

2.IfayoungwomanthrowsashoeoverhershoulderonChristmasEve,shewantstoknow

A.whethershewillgetpromoted.

B.howmuchmoneyshewillmake.

C.whethershewillgetmarriedornot.

D.howmanynewfriendsshewillmake.

3.Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?

A.Asciencefiction.B.Anewsmagazine.

C.Atravelbrochure.D.Agovernmentreport.

B

IwassenttothePersianGulfWarin1991.Marriedforonlyayearandahalf,Iwasmissingmy

wifeandbabydaughter.IntheyearsbeforecellphonesandWi-Fi,wehadlimited

opportunitiestocommunicatewithlovedones.

Onenightwhilesittingbymyself,Iinvestigatedthe"AnySoldier1*mailbox,anoldcardboard

boxwithlettersandpackagesfromAmericans.Ichoseoneshoebox-sizepackage.Insidewasa

bagofcookies.Underneath,Ifoundabout20cardsfromchildren.Atthebottomwasaletter

fromtheirteacherinOhioexplaininghowherkidshadputtheboxtogetherandhowthey

supportedoureffortsinthewar.

Iwastrulytouchedbythisgestureanddecidedtowritealetterofgratitude.Ithankedthe

teacherforwhatherchildrenhaddone-itsimpactonme.Forsecurityreasons,Iwasableto

signonlymyname.

Around2013,IreceivedaFacebookfriendrequestfromawomanwithwhomIsharedno

contacts.Irepliedthatunlesswewerefriends,Icouldnotacceptherrequest.Herreplystuck

withme.

"Dearsir,"shewrote."Wehavenevermet,butin1991Iwasasecond-gradeteacherataschool

inOhioandourclassroomsentacarepackageaddressedto'AnyServiceMember.*The

thank-youletteryoucomposedwasframedandhasbeenpostonthewalloftheschoolformore

than20years.Iwantedtoagainthankyouforyourservicetoourcountry.Godblessyou."

Weneverspokeagain,butthisteacherstrengthenmybeliefindoingwhatmymotheralways

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taughtme：Writethank-younotes-youneverknowhowmanypeopleyourkindnesscan

touch.

4.Whydidthechildrensendthecardstothesoldiers?

A.Tofinishthetaskthatwasassignedbytheirteacher.

B.Toexpresstheirsupporttothesoldiers'effortsinthewar.

C.Towritedowntheirdreamsthattheywishedtorealize.

D.Toshowtheirhighskillsinmakingthosebrilliantcards.

5.Whatdidtheauthorfindinthepackage?

a.Ashoebox

b.Abagofcookies

c.Abouttwentycards

d.Aletterfromateacher

A.bedB.abcC.acdD.abd

6.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Thepackagewasaddressedtotheauthorhimself.

B.TheauthorconnectedwithhisfamilyviatheInternet.

C.Theauthormettheteacherinpersonaround2013.

D.TheFacebookfriendrequestwasrefusedatfirst.

7.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostpropertitleforthetext?

A.ToanysoldierB.Aletterforme

C.AkindteacherD.Lovelychildren

c

HiddenintherollingmountainsofthesoutheastChineseprovinceofFujianisaseriesofgiant

multistoriedhomesbuiltwithwoodanddefendedwithmudwalls.Mostlybuiltbetweenthe

15thand20thcenturies,thesesharedhomespurposefullynestleamongtea,tobacco,ricefields

andthickforestsofpineandbamboo.

ThesestructuresareknownastheFujianTulou.Throughouthistory,theirresidentshave

mostlybeenHakka-migrantsinsouthernChinawhooriginatedfromlandsnexttotheYellow

River.PopulationpressurescreatedconflictsbetweentheHakkaandtheirneighbors,sothey

builttheirhomestodoubleasfortification（防御）structures.

Wallsareupto5feetthickandcanreach60feethigh.Defensivefeaturesincludeiron

gates,undergroundescapetunnels,tiledroofs,awaterwell,andabackupstockofgrainsand

livestockintheeventofalengthyconflict.Thebuildings,usuallythreetofourstories,are

symmetrical（對(duì)稱的）intheirshapes-thismeansthatintheeventofaconflictthereareno

blindspots.

Whiletuloutranslatesas"earthenbuilding"inChinese,theconstructionmaterialsaremadeup

offarmorethanjustmud.Thefoundationsofthestructuresaremadeoflocalriverstonesand

thewallsaremadeoffinemudsourcedfromricefields.Themudisreinforced（力口固）with

bamboomixedwithsandandlime,andthencompacted（壓實(shí)）withathickstick.

Whilesimilarinlayout,eachtulouisunique.TheYuchangBuilding,builtin1308,isthe

oldestandtallestandknownforitsliltedpillars,someofwhichleanatasharp15-degreeangle.

TheHeguiBuildingisthelargestrectangular（矩形的）one,coveringanareaofnearly1,

300squaremeters.TheChengqiBuildingisthemostmassiveinsize,withabout400rooms.

Becauseoftheeconomicdrawoftheneighboringcities,there'sbeenagreatlossofresidents

overthelast25years.Todaythestructuresthatoncehousedthousandsofpeopleareonlyhome

toacoupleofdozenpermanentresidents,mostofthemelderly.In2008,46tulousweregiven

WorldHeritagestatusbyUNESCO.Thegrowthoftourismintheareanotonlyhaskeptthe

buildingsfrombeingdestroyed,hutalsohaspromotedlocalbusinessesandallowedtulouto

remainlivingandfunctionalrelics.

8.What'stheoriginalpurposeofHakka'sbuildingtulou?

A.Toliveinharmonywithnature.

B.Tomakethemselvesmorespacetolive.

C.Toprotectthemfrombeingattacked.

D.Toattractvisitorstoappreciatethescenery.

9.Whatfunctiondothesymmetricalshapesofthebuildingshave?

A.Tokeepthebuildingsbalanced.

B.Toincreasethespacetolivein.

C.Tomakethebuildingsmoreattractive.

D.Toensuretheycanattackenemiesinalldirections.

10.Howmanydifferenttuloubuildingsarementionedinparagraph5?

A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.D.Onlyone.

11.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.Thetraditionalstructureshaveperfectdefensivesystems.

B.Thetourismintheareabenefitsthestructuressignificantly.

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C.Mostofthepermanentresidentsinthestructuresnowaretheelderly.

D.Thetraditionalstructuresaredisappearingwitheconomicdevelopment.

D

Robotswillbeusedtochargeelectriccarsallonlyasmallpartofthepriceofinstallingfixed

roadsidechargingdevices.

Afleetofautonomouschargingdevicesisbeingdevelopedthatwillseekoutvehiclesrunning

lowonbatterypowerwithlittleinvolvementfromthehumandriver.Volkswagen,theGerman

carmaker,saidthatasampleoftherobothadbeendeveloped.Themovewouldhelptoallay

concernovertheshortageofroadsidechargepointsneededtosupporttherisingdemandfor

electriccars.ArecentreportbytheInternationalCouncilonCleanTransportationfoundthat

Britainhasonly5percentoftheroadsidechargersthatwillbeneededby2030.Itcancost

thousandsofpoundstoinstallacharger,whichinvolvesfeedingapowersupplytotheroadside

orcarparkandinstallingchargingstructure.VWGroupComponents,asubsidiaryofthecar

maker,isdevelopinginnovationsthatwouldcutthecostofcharging.Oneideainvolves

creatingmultiplemobileenergyunitsthatcanbechargedinasinglelocation,suchasacarpark,

andthenmovedintopositionnexttoacar.Such"quickchargingstations1'havebeendeveloped

andarelikelytobeintroducedearlynextyear.

Toimprovethetechnology,thecompanyisdevelopingarobotthatranmovethechargerinto

positionandcompletetheprocesswithnohumaninput.Whenactivatedviaanapp,therobot

wouldtakethechargertothecar,openthesocketflaponthevehicleandconnectthecharging

wire.Thesystemwould"enableoperatorstoquicklyandsimply'electrify'everyparkingspace

usingthemobilechargingrobot'*,thecompanysaid,whichwouldreducetheconstruction

workneededaswellasthecost.

12.WhichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordHallay"inthe

secondparagraph?

A.rise.B.reuse.C.reply.D.reduce.

13.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.

A.therobotshavebeenusedtochargeelectriccars.

B.therobotscanbeusedwiththehelpofhumans.

C.adrivercanusetherobotsbydownloadinganapp.

D.itcancostthousandsofpoundstodeveloparobot.

14.Howcanthechargingcostbecutaccordingtothetext?

A.Byincreasingthehumaninput.

B.Byinstallingmoreroadsidechargers.

C.Bydeveloping"quickchargingstation".

D.Bydecreasingthepriceofchargingvehicles.

15.What'sthemainideaofthetext?

A.Itismuchcheapertouserobotsthantousehumans.

B.Therobotswillconnectthechargertotheelectriccar.

C.Itcostsmoretoinstallafixedroadsidechargingdevices.

D.Therobotswillbeusedtoseekoutvehicleswithlowpower.

二、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題，共15.0分)

Drugsarechemicalsthatchangethewayaperson'sbodyworks.You'veprobablyheardthat

drugsarebadforyou,butwhatdoesthatmeanandwhyaretheybad?

MedicinesAreLegalDrugs

(1)youalreadyknowaboutonekindofdrugs.Medicinesarelegaldrugs,meaning

doctorsareallowedtoprescribethemforpatients,storescansellthem,andpeopleareallowed

tobuythem.

IllegalDrugs

Whenpeopletalkabouta"drugproblem",theyusuallymeanabusinglegaldrugsorusing

illegaldrugs,suchascocaine(冰毒)andherointoget"high".

(2)_______________

Illegaldrugsaren'tgoodforanyone,buttheyareparticularlybadforakidorteenwhosebodyis

stillgrowing.Illegaldrugscandamagethebrain,heart,andotherimportantorgans.Cocaine,

forinstance,cancauseaheartattack-eveninakidorteen.Whileusingdrugs,peoplearealso

lessabletodowellinschool,sports,andotheractivities.It*softenhardertothinkclearlyand

makegooddecisions.(3)

WhyDoPeopleUseIllegalDrugs?

Sometimeskidsandteenstrydrugstofitinwithagroupoffriends.(4)Someonemay

useillegaldrugsformanyreasons,butoftenbecausetheyhelpthepersonescapefromreality

fbrawhile.

(5)Andusingdrugsoftencausesotherproblemsontopoftheproblemstheperson

hadinthefirstplace.Somebodywhousesdrugsmightneedprofessionalhelptoslopusing

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drugs.Agrownupcanhelpthepersonfindthetreatmentneededtostopusingdrugs.Another

waykidscanhelpkidsisbychoosingnottotryorusedrugs.

A.WhyAreIllegalDrugsDangerous?

B.AreIllegalDrugsDangerousforPeople?

C.Drugsdon'tsolveproblems,ofcourse.

D.Ortheymightbecuriousorjustbored.

E.Whenyouarenotfeelingwellorright,

F.Ifyou'veeverbeensickandhadtotakemedicine,

G.Peoplecandodangerousthingswhentheyusedrugs.

16.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大題共20小題，共40.0分)

IwasworkonedaywhenIhadmyfirstseizure(發(fā)件),Iwokeupinn(an)(1)

andhadnoideawhatwashappening.AcolleagueI'dknownwasintheambulancewithmeand

althoughIwasveryconfused.Iwas(2)thatIrecognizedherface,atleast.Iwas

finallydiagnosed(3)epilepsy(癲癇)，whichwasahuge(4)tome.

Thehardestthingintheearlydayswaslosingmy(5).Ihadtorelyonmyfamilyto

doeverydaythings,liketakingabath,(6)weneverknewwhenaseizurecouldhit,I

alsosufferedwithbrainfogand(7)losswhichwasbothfrustratingand(8).

AndthentherewastheaddedknowledgethatIcould(9)atanymoment.

AfriendsuggestedItryyoga,soIstarteddoingafewclassesaweekanditprovedto

belief-changing.Therewere(10)benefits,forsure,butmoreimportantwerethe

changesitbroughttomythinking.IknewIneededto(11)mylifestyleifIwantedto

staywellinthelongterm,soIbecameayoga(12).Allthesehavemadeahuge(13)

tomyhealth.Fvebeenseizure-freeformorethantwoyearsnowandI'mlivingalifeI

neverthoughtwas(14).IfeelgenuinelyhappyeverydayandIthinkit'sbecause

teachingyogamakesmefeellikeEm(15)______tosocietyinapositiveway.WhenIteach,

Ilet(16)knowthatwe'realldifferent(17)_we'realldoingourbest,and

whenItellmystudentsnotto(18)______tolife,it'sagood(19)______forme,too.

Iamso(20)—__formyexperience.

21.A.hospitalB.clinicC.ambulanceD.office

22.A.relievedB.terrifiedC.confidentD.nervous

23.A.withB.byC.forD.about

24.A.surpriseB.mistakeC.diseaseD.blow

25.A.confidenceB.independenceC.freedomD.consciousness

26.A.whenB.unlessC.becauseD.so

27.A.eyesightB.hearingC.feelingD.memory

28.A.amazingB.embarrassingC.amusingD.puzzling

29.A.recoverB.sleepC.dieD.lie

30.A.mentalB.physicalC.innerD.psychological

31.A.changeB.chooseC.exchangeD.challenge

32.A.coachB.studentC.fanD.founder

33.A.effectB.senseC.differenceD.effort

34.A.meaningfulB.colorfulC.properD.possible

35.A.donatingB.contributingC.attributingD.comparing

36.A.anyoneB.someoneC.nooneD.everyone

37.A.soB.butC.andD.or

38.A.giveinB.giveupC.giveoutD.giveoff

39.A.problemB.opportunityC.mannersD.reminder

40.A.anxiousB.famousC.gratefulD.ready

四、語(yǔ)法填空(本大題共1小題，共15.0分)

41.Tianjinisanimportantstopononeoftheeightmajorbird-migrationroutes(1)

SouthAsiatoAustralia,andmanyspeciesrestinBeidagang'scoastalareabeforeflyingto

AustraliaorNewZealand.ThebirdswillreturntoTianjinontheirnorthwardmigrations

thatgoasfar(2)theNorthPole.BeidagangWetland(3)(cover)

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nearly350squarekilometers,includinganareaofabout115sqkm,inthesoutheastofthe

BinhaiNewArea."Thewetlandisessentialforthebirds1breedingandgrowth.Without

it,theymaybeindangerduringtheirmigrations,'1expertssay.

BeidagangWetlandManagementCenterdeputydirectorSunBaoniansaysthey'vemade

greateffortstoimproverare-birdprotectioninrecentyears.(4)totalof1,347

Orientalstorkshavebeenidentifiedinthewetlands,(5)(account)fornearly

45percentofthespecies*(6)(globe)migrationpopulation,hesays.They

prefertonestinhightreesandbuildings.SinceBeidagangdoesn'thaveenoughhightrees,

thecenterhassetup20artificialnestingareasonpoles,13of(7)havebeenused

bythewaterfowl(水禽).And17chickswereborninthewetlandslatelastyear.

Thecenteralsooffers''homes'*forvolunteersandtourists,whocometolearnmoreabout

wetlandprotectionandenhancetheir(8)(aware)abouthowtoprotectthe

wetlandsandbirds.

Theproject(9)(support)bytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature

since2012,followingahigh-levelmeetinginSouthKorea.In2016,theIUCN

encouragedChina(10)(apply)forUNESCOstatusforthesites.

五、短文改錯(cuò)(本大題共1小題，共10.0分)

42.文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、

刪除或修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(A),并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。

修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。

DearTom,

HowisitgoingintheUK?IwasplanningatriptoLondonwithmyparentsnextmonth.

Asthematteroffact,!intendtotraveltoLondonsoasexperiencedifferentcultures,which

mightbehelpfulformetobroadenmyhorizon.Also,!ameagertoimprovemyspeaking

Englishbycommunicatingwithforeigner.Mostimportant,Iwillgetachancetomeetyou

andenjoyedadifferentlifestyle.Despiteofgoodhopes,!havenoideathatisworth

visitingorhowtobehaveproperly.Couldyouintroducesomeplacesofinterestandsome

customstome?

Lookingforwardtoyouearlyreply!

Yours,

LiHua

六、書面表達(dá)(本大題共1小題，共25.0分)

43.歷經(jīng)9年不懈努力，作為山西省內(nèi)第一條地下鐵路太原地鐵2號(hào)線(TaiyuanMetro

Line2),終于在2020年12月26日正式開通。請(qǐng)你簡(jiǎn)要介紹一下地鐵開通帶來(lái)的

好處。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)100左右；

2.首句不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。

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答案和解析

1.【答案】

【小題1】D【小題2】C【小題3】B

【解析】（1）D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段"Inordertoensureyougetyourhandsina

holidaybucket,itissuggestedthatyouorderinadvance,asnearly4millionpeoplechoose

KFCastheirChristmasdinner.（為了確保你能買到假日桶，建議你提前訂購(gòu)，因?yàn)榻?00

萬(wàn)人選擇肯德基作為他們的圣誕晚餐）”可知，在日本要在圣誕節(jié)吃肯德基需要提前預(yù)

定。A.SaunaVisit訪問(wèn)Sauna；B.BurningEffigies燃燒的肖像;C.ThrowingoftheShoe

扔鞋；D.KentuckyFriedChristmas肯塔基油炸圣誕節(jié)。故此題選D。

（2）C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段"Rather,youngwomenstepoutsidetheirhomeson

ChristmasEveandinsteadofwaitingfbrSanta,theythrowashoeovertheirshoulders.Howit

landissaidtopredictifthewomanwillmarrynextyear.（相反，年輕女性在平安夜走出家

門，而不是等待圣誕老人，她們把鞋子扔在肩上。據(jù)說(shuō)這樣做可以預(yù)測(cè)這個(gè)女人明年是

否結(jié)婿）”可知，年輕女性在平安夜將鞋子扔在肩上是想看看她明年是否會(huì)結(jié)婚。故此

題選C。

（3）B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段Theholidayseasonisuponusandthoughtheymay

feelabitdifferentthisyear-withoutlargeget-togethers,theholidaysthemselvesarecertainly

notcanceled."（假期就要到了，盡管今年它們可能會(huì)感覺(jué)有些不同一沒(méi)有大型聚會(huì)，但

假期本身肯定不會(huì)取消）以及“Herearesomeofthemostunusualwayspeoplebringthe

festivitieshome-allaroundtheworld.（以下是世界各地人們慶祝節(jié)日的一些最不尋常的

方式）”可知，介紹了疫情之下，世界各地人們把節(jié)日帶回家的幾種不尋常的方式，屬

于新聞范疇。由此推斷出，本文應(yīng)該出自一本新聞雜志。A.Asciencefiction科幻小說(shuō)；

B.Anewsmagazine新聞雜志；C.Atravelbrochure旅行手冊(cè)；D.Agovernmentreport一

份政府報(bào)告。故此題選B。

本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了疫情之下，世界各地人們把節(jié)日帶回家的幾種不尋常的

方式。

1.直接信息題：

直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項(xiàng)在語(yǔ)言表達(dá)上與原文基本一致的題目。

2.間接信息題：

間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語(yǔ)言表達(dá)上與原文有差異，做題時(shí)需要對(duì)原

文信息進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。

3.綜合信息題：

綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是原文的幾句話，或

者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來(lái)分析。

4.【答案】

【小題1】B【小題2】A【小題3】D【小題4】A

【解析】(1)B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文第二段

"AtthebottomwasaletterfromtheirteacherinOhioexplaininghowherkidshadputthebo

xtogetherandhowtheysupportedoureffortsinthewar.下面是他們俄亥俄州老師的一封

信，解釋了她的孩子們是如何把盒子組裝起來(lái)的，以及他們是如何支持我們?cè)趹?zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的

努力的。"可知孩子們把卡片寄給士兵對(duì)士兵們?cè)趹?zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的努力表示支持。故選B.

(2)A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文第二段

"Ichoseoneshoebox-sizepackage.Insidewasabagofcookies.Underneath,Ifoundabout2

0cardsfromchildren.AtthebottomwasaletterfromtheirteacherinOhio里面有一袋餅干。

在下面，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了大約20張兒童賀卡。下面是他們俄亥俄州老師的一封信”可知作者在

包裹里發(fā)現(xiàn)一袋餅干，大約二十張卡片和老師的來(lái)信。故選A.

(3)D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第四段"Irepliedthatunlesswewerefriends,Icouldnot

acceptherrequest.我回答說(shuō)，除非我們是朋友，否則我不能接受她的要求?！笨芍覀兡?/p>

從這篇文章中得知Facebook好友請(qǐng)求起初被拒絕。故選D.

(4)A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文第二段

"Iinvestigatedthe"AnySoldier"mailbox,anoldcardboardboxwithlettersandpackagesfr

omAmericans.Ichoseoneshoebox-sizepackage.我查看了"任何士兵"的郵箱，一個(gè)裝著

美國(guó)人信件和包裹的I日紙板箱。我選了一個(gè)鞋盒大小的包裝?！笨芍钸m合這篇文章的

標(biāo)題是給任何士兵。故選A.

本文講述了作者參戰(zhàn)時(shí)期查看了“任何士兵”的郵箱，一個(gè)裝著美國(guó)人信件和包裹的舊紙

板箱，作者給孩子們的寫了感謝信，并起到了意想不到的后果。作者感悟到寫感謝信-

你永遠(yuǎn)不知道你的好意能感動(dòng)多少人。

1.直接信息題：

直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項(xiàng)在語(yǔ)言表達(dá)上與原文基本一致的題目。

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2.間接信息題：

間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語(yǔ)言表達(dá)上與原文有差異，做題時(shí)需要對(duì)原

文信息進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。

3.綜合信息題：

綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是原文的幾句話，或

者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來(lái)分析。

8.【答案】

【小題1]C【小題2】D【小題3】A【小題4】B

【解析】（1）C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文第二段"Populationpressurescreatedconflicts

betweentheHakkaandtheirneighbors,sotheybuilttheirhomestodoubleasfortification（防

御）structures.人口壓力造成了客家人與鄰居們之間的矛盾，所以他們把自己的房子作為

防御工事（防御）建造起來(lái)。”可知客家人建土樓的初衷是保護(hù)他們不受攻擊。故選C.

（2）D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第三段"Thebuildings,usuallythreetofourstories,are

symmetrical（對(duì)稱的）intheirshapes-thismeansthatintheeventofaconflictthereareno

blindspots.這些建筑通常有三到四層，形狀對(duì)稱，這意味著在發(fā)生沖突時(shí)沒(méi)有盲點(diǎn)."

可知建筑物的對(duì)稱形狀以確保他們能向四面八方攻擊敵人。故選D.

（3）A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文第五段"TheYuchangBuilding,builtin1308,istheoldest

andtallestandknownforitsliltedpillars,someofwhichleanatasharp15-degreeangle.The

HeguiBuildingisthelargestrectangular（矩形的）one,coveringanareaofnearly1,300square

meters.TheChengqiBuildingisthemostmassiveinsize,withabout400rooms.宇昌大廈建

于1308年，是最古老、最高的建筑，以其輕快的柱子而聞名，其中一些柱子呈15度角。

合貴大廈是目前國(guó)內(nèi)最大的長(zhǎng)方形建筑，占地面積近1300平方米。承啟大廈規(guī)模最大，

約有400間客房?！笨芍谖宥翁岬搅巳齻€(gè)不同的土樓。故選A.

（4）B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文最后一段最后一句Thegrowthoftourismintheareanot

onlyhaskeptthebuildingsfrombeingdestroyed,hutalsohaspromotedlocalbusinessesand

allowedtuloutoremainlivingandfunctionalrelics."該地區(qū)旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展不僅使建筑免遭

破壞，而且還促進(jìn)了當(dāng)?shù)氐纳虡I(yè)活動(dòng)，使土樓得以保留下來(lái)?！笨芍獜淖詈笠欢挝覀兡?/p>

推斷出該地區(qū)的旅游業(yè)對(duì)建筑有很大的好處。故選B.

本文講述了福建土樓的建筑起因，功能，結(jié)構(gòu)以及衰落，幸運(yùn)的是旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展還促進(jìn)

了當(dāng)?shù)氐纳虡I(yè)活動(dòng)，使土樓得以保留下來(lái)。

1.直接信息題：

直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項(xiàng)在語(yǔ)言表達(dá)上與原文基本一致的題目。

2.間接信息題：

間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語(yǔ)言表達(dá)上與原文有差異，做題時(shí)需要對(duì)原

文信息進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。

3.綜合信息題：

綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是原文的幾句話，或

者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來(lái)分析。

12.【答案】

【小題1】D【小題2】C【小題3】C【小題4】B

【解析】（1）D.詞意猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)所猜詞后一句

ArecentreportbytheInternationalCouncilonCleanTransportationfoundthatBritainhason

ly5percentoftheroadsidechargersthatwillbeneededby2030.（國(guó)際清潔運(yùn)輸理事會(huì)最

近的一份報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn)，英國(guó)到2030年所需的路邊充電器只占5%）可知，當(dāng)大眾的這款充

電機(jī)器人研發(fā)出來(lái)之后，路上所需要的充電樁就會(huì)減少很多。由此可以推斷出，充電機(jī)

器人的出現(xiàn)可以減少人們對(duì)路邊充電點(diǎn)短缺的擔(dān)憂，故"allay”的意思為“減少A.rise

增加；B.reuse重新使用；C.reply回答；D.reduce減少。故此題選D.

（2）C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段

Whenactivatedviaanapp,therobotwouldtakethechargertothecar,openthesocketflapon

thevehicleandconnectthechargingwire.（當(dāng)通過(guò)應(yīng)用程序激活時(shí)，機(jī)器人會(huì)把充電器帶

到車上，打開車上的插座蓋，然后連接充電線）"可知，司機(jī)要使用機(jī)器人充電需要下

載APP。故此題選C.

（3）C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段端末

VWGroupComponents,asubsidiaryofthecarmaker,isdevelopinginnovationsthatwould

cutthecostofcharging.Oneideainvolvescreatingmultiplemobileenergyunitsthatcanbec

hargedinasinglelocation,suchasacarpark,andthenmovedintopositionnexttoacar.（大

眾汽車旗下的子公司大眾集團(tuán)零部件公司正在研發(fā)降低充電成本的創(chuàng)新技術(shù)。其中一個(gè)

想法是創(chuàng)建多個(gè)移動(dòng)能源單元，這些單元可以在一個(gè)地方充電，比如停車場(chǎng)，然后移動(dòng)

到汽車旁邊的位置。）可知，減少充電費(fèi)用的方式就是創(chuàng)立快速充電站。故此題選C.

（4）B.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段

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Robotswillbeusedtochargeelectriccarsalonlyasmallpartofthepriceofinstallingfixed

roadsidechargingdevices.（機(jī)器人將被用來(lái)為電動(dòng)汽車充電，價(jià)格僅為安裝路邊固定充

電設(shè)備的一小部分）以及第二段

Volkswagen,theGermancarmaker,saidthatasampleoftherobothadbeendeveloped.（德

國(guó)汽車制造商大眾表示，該機(jī)器人的一個(gè)樣品已經(jīng)研發(fā)出來(lái)）可知，本文主要介紹了德

國(guó)大眾汽車公司開發(fā)的一款充電機(jī)器人解決駕駛電動(dòng)車出行出現(xiàn)電池電量不足卻沒(méi)地

方充電的難題，即機(jī)器人將把充電器連接到電動(dòng)汽車上。故此題選B.

本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，德國(guó)大眾汽車公司開發(fā)的一款充電機(jī)器人解決駕駛電動(dòng)車出行出現(xiàn)

電池電量不足卻沒(méi)地方充電的難題。

閱讀理解解題步驟：首先對(duì)原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意。因?yàn)殚喿x理解題

一般沒(méi)有標(biāo)題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過(guò)程中，應(yīng)盡可能

多地捕獲信息材料。其次，細(xì)讀題材，各個(gè)擊破。掌握全文的大意之后，細(xì)細(xì)閱讀每篇

材料后的問(wèn)題，弄清每題要求后，帶著問(wèn)題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息。要

善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時(shí)，要有較強(qiáng)的針對(duì)性。對(duì)于捕獲到的信息，要做認(rèn)真分

析，仔細(xì)推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對(duì)題目要求，才能做到穩(wěn)、準(zhǔn)。

16.【答案】

【小題1】F【小題2】A【小題3】G【小題4】D【小題5】C

【解析】（1）F.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)主題句MedicinesAreLegalDrugs表示“藥品是合法

藥物”，可知表示“如果你生病了，不得不吃藥”的選項(xiàng)F符合前后的語(yǔ)境，Medicines是

原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選F.

（2）A.主旨判斷題。根據(jù)后句

Illegaldrugsaren'tgoodforanyone,buttheyareparticularlybadforakidorteenwhosebody

isstillgrowing.Illegaldrugscandamagethebrain,heart,and