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病理生理學(xué)Pathophysiology山東大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院病理生理學(xué)教研室IntroductionPathophysiology:Theologyistostudythemechanismsoftheoccurrence,developmentandoutcomeofthediseases

PathologicalanatomyPathologyPathophysiology

ThealterationfunctionPathophysiologyinprocessofmetabolismdiseasestructurePathologicalanatomyforexample:bronchialalveolaredemastructurecongestionlobarpneumoniafunctionhypoventilation,metabolismdiffusionimpairmenthypoxia,acidosis,shock

Thetask,positionandcontentofpathophysiologyThemethodsofinvestigationThehistoryIntroductionofdiseaseⅠ.conceptofdiseasecausesdisturbancesabnormalconditionsofhomeostasislifeprocess

Ⅱ.causesandconditionsofdiseasecause(etiology):condition:inducingfactor(precipitatingfactor):

forexamplepneumococcalpneumoniacause(etiology):pneumococcuscondition:cold,tired

pulmonarytuberculosiscause:tubercularbacilluscondition:worry,malnutrition

Ⅲ.pathogenesisofdiseaseItstudieshowtheetiologycancausethediseaseinthebody.1.Thegeneralruleofpathogenesisindisease

damageandanti-damagedamage:defenceanti-damageadaptation

compensationforexample:foodpoisoning

toxinvomiting,diarrhea(damage)(anti-damage)

trauma:

Thedualnatureofresponseofanti-damage:

reverseofcause-result

reversecauseresultcauseresult

forexample:foodtoxicationdiarrheadehydration

lowbloodvolumeacidosis

shock③partandwhole

2.Thebasicpathogenesis

①nervousmechanisminjuryofnervoussystemcausediseasedisturbanceofthefunction

injury:epidemicmeningitis,cephalitis,poliomyelitis

functionalhypertension,disturbance:hepaticencephalopathy②humoralmechanism

pathogenicalterationofthevolumeandagentactivityofhumoralfactors

disturbanceofthehomeostasis

diseasehormonehumoralgeneralhumoralfactorfactorlocalhumoralfactorcellularfactor

theactingendocrineparacrinemannerofhumoralfactor:autocrine③cellularmechanism

causedamageofcellsdisease

mitochondria

cause

lysosomeforexample:

injuryofcellmembranecellularedemafreeinjuryofmitochondriaATPradicalinjuryoflysosomeautolysis

④Molecularmechanism

causeeffectofthenucleicacid,proteinandenzyme

disease圖2圖3圖1正常大鼠主動脈內(nèi)皮細胞鋪片ET陰性×400

圖2高脂血癥大鼠主動脈內(nèi)皮細胞鋪片ET陽性×400

圖1例:免疫組織化學(xué)實驗技術(shù)測定細胞中內(nèi)皮素(ET)表達

例:高糖大鼠外周血白細胞iNOS-mRNA表達的變化

N:正常大鼠外周血白細胞原位雜交片(×1000);A:高糖飲水2個月外周血白細胞原位雜交片(×1000);B:高糖飲水4個月外周血白細胞原位雜交片(×1000);C:高糖飲水6個月外周血白細胞原位雜交片(×1000);(胞漿內(nèi)深藍著色為iNOS-mRNA陽性雜交信號,核固紅復(fù)染。)NⅣ.Outcomeofdiseasecomplete1.recoveryincomplete2.deathconceptofbraindeath

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