現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解及專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解一、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+過分詞①肯定句：主語+過分詞+其他②否定句：主語+have/has+not+去分詞+他③一般疑問句：主語過去分詞+他④特殊疑問句：特殊疑問+一般疑問句（主語+過去分詞+他）二、用法）現(xiàn)完成時(shí)的"完用"現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示現(xiàn)在之前已發(fā)生過或完成的動(dòng)作或狀但其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有也就是說動(dòng)或態(tài)生過但的響在存.Heturnedoffthelight.他已把燈關(guān)了。動(dòng)結(jié)束于過去，但說明的是在的情-燈現(xiàn)在不亮了。Ihavespentallofmymoney.(義是:在我沒有錢花了)Janehasthe含義是:在桌子已經(jīng)擺好）現(xiàn)完成時(shí)的"完成法"指的是動(dòng)作開始于過去某一時(shí)刻，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去。這里的動(dòng)詞要用持性詞常與for時(shí)間段（+時(shí)點(diǎn)連用.Maryillthreedays.Maryhasillthreeago.注1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不單與準(zhǔn)時(shí)連，(如表示過去的時(shí)間狀語）如、、afternoon)等，非since連用2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往同表不確定的去間語用,如already（肯）（定疑）just,recently,y等HehasalreadyobtainedaIseenofhimrecentlyWehavethatfilmfoundmissingchild?現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常常表示頻的間語用如times等:youbeentoIhaveneverBunnyanythingIhaveusedthisonlytimes.ItisGeorgemetthatgentleman現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還往可以同括在間內(nèi)時(shí)狀連,如tothesefewdays/weeks/months/years,tosofar等

writtensixsotothepresenthasbeensuccessful.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可以用表示過的個(gè)間現(xiàn)這時(shí)內(nèi)復(fù)生動(dòng).Wehavetextssemester.6.

havebeento和havegoneto的別強(qiáng)“去”，已在里如：HehasbeentotheUSAthree他到美國去過三次去到國，現(xiàn)在“在美”gone主強(qiáng)的是去了，現(xiàn)人在說的場如：yourmother?你媽媽在哪？gone--她去醫(yī)院了。hasin一直在地三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)例析現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是較難掌握、中考考查較多的時(shí)態(tài)。涉及的考點(diǎn)有：一、考其成"助動(dòng)詞(has)+動(dòng)詞過去分詞"成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：Kate'sseenfilms，____A.hasn'tB.hassheisn'tD.析：陳述句部分含否定詞never,簡略問句部分要用肯定式，又因Kate'sKatehas的寫，故選unclealreadyphotoshim.改否定句Hisunclephotoshim______.析：常在肯定句中，常在否定句、疑問句中，故填。gone-So______herA.B.hadC.did析：助系/態(tài)動(dòng)詞+語"結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞形式應(yīng)與前句構(gòu)中動(dòng)詞形式保持一致，又后句的主語為parents是數(shù)故選D。二、考其法標(biāo)詞(一當(dāng)句中有never,ever,just,already,yet,before等，常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：-Mum,Iandbasketball?-______you______finishAre;finishingC.finish______anywherebefore?butIrememberI______Did;surf;surfedsurfed;C.Did;haveD.surfed;have析：據(jù)知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選D，2題D

(二當(dāng)句中"+段時(shí)間或"since點(diǎn)時(shí)間"等時(shí)，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，謂語詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，若是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，要改為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表狀態(tài)的(短語。如：Foresttwice______hetoYunnan.afterB.beforesinceD.for析：主句用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而從句用的是一般過去時(shí)，故選C。Tom______theplayerfortwoweeks.lentB.hasborrowedC.hasD.had析：AB、均非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，在肯定句中不與"段時(shí)間"短語連用，故選Dsincehedidn'tB.gotC.heard析：據(jù)可，應(yīng)排除A、C，froma意"收某人的來信，故選B。三、考have/hasbeen(to,in)/have/has的如：-Haveever______LintongtoseetheTerraCottaIhave.inbeento析：據(jù)句中的have排除A，B項(xiàng)為"去某地了"，項(xiàng)"直呆在某"D項(xiàng)意為去過某地"，符合題意，故選D。Myparentsforyears.haveinhaveD.have析：本題句中有段間結(jié)構(gòu)，據(jù)此可排除C，項(xiàng)意為"去過某"不合題意D項(xiàng)缺介詞，故選A。四、考現(xiàn)完時(shí)其時(shí)的聯(lián)和別如：Sun'saunthasthereforyears.(成正確的句子)析：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞"段時(shí)間"用時(shí)，除了把非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞改成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞外，還可把動(dòng)詞改為一般過去時(shí)或借助句"+段時(shí)+since+從句"行句子轉(zhuǎn)換。故答案為Sun'sauntthereforyears./Sun'sauntthereyears/It'stensinceSun'sauntthere.beenincitythan改同義句________moreyearsthiscity.析：據(jù)上題分析，且since引的從句要用一般過去時(shí)，故填I(lǐng)tis,since,。Iwon'tgoconcertIticket.lostB.don'tloseC.havecoming析：因我丟了票的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，而且對現(xiàn)在造成了我不能參加音樂會(huì)的結(jié)果，符合現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的含意，故選C。

英的為詞持性詞瞬性詞分使中注兩者區(qū)。一、持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞:表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作可以持續(xù)一段時(shí)間或更長時(shí)間。常見的read,write,sleep,talk,wait,fly,stay,lie,等二、瞬間性動(dòng)詞:表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在一瞬間，非常短暫。亦稱終止性詞。常見的finish,go,come,leave,up,arrive,getto,enter,hear,open,close,become,lend,happen,up,setputgeton/off等瞬間性動(dòng)詞在完成時(shí)中如要與表示持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，通常有兩種方法：（1用意思相當(dāng)?shù)某掷m(xù)性動(dòng)詞來替換Hehasbeeninthesoldierthreeupfor

（參軍已有了has（起床已有好久了hasgotHasyourhomeforlongtime?（家已有好久了嗎？）不用hasleft常瞬動(dòng)相持性詞系、—be、、backbe、awayhere）、buy6、borrow、die—be、beginon———open——closedlosebe13get—、onon15get—be16sitdownsit/beseated17、joinbe（）或bea…member18—be（2用it…since換瞬間動(dòng)詞例如：電影已經(jīng)開映鐘了種方法）（1）Thefilmonfor（2’sfiveminutescethefilm他離開上海已有3天了種方法）（1）Hefordays.（2ItthreesinceheleftShanghai.這本書我還給圖書館已有兩周了種方法）’stwoweekssinceIreturnedthebooktothelibrary.他找到他妹妹已有多久了？（一種方法）Howlongisitfoundhis、瞬間詞否形可與表示段時(shí)間的狀語連用例如：haven’tseenyouforalong（久見到你了

現(xiàn)在完時(shí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、單項(xiàng)選擇。、hisparentslooksad.Maybethey_______what’shappenedtohim.Ａknew

Ｂ.haveknownＣ.mustknowＤwill、Hebeenhe?Ａ

Ｂ.

Ｃever

Ｄ.、HaveyoumetLi？Ａ

Ｂ.

Ｃ

Ｄ.aago、famouswriter_____onebookinthe.Ａiswriting

ＢwritingＣ

Ｄ.has、Ouralotsofar—Yes.Iitwillbeeven______.Ａchanged;wellＣchanged;

Ｂchanged;Ｄ.changed;better、______alreadyschoolfortwoyears.Ａwas;Ｃstudied

Ｂwill;Ｄ.are;、We______XiaoLisincelittle.Ａ

Ｂ.hadＣhaveknownＤknew、HarryPotteranicefilm.I_______ittwice.Ａwill

Ｂ.haveseen

Ｃ

Ｄ、farmersbeenUnited—there?ＡwilltheygoＣgo

ＢdidＤ.they、______you___yourhomeworkyet—Yes.IitmomentＡDid;do;finishedＣdone;havefinished

ＢHave;Ｄ.will;do;、His1978.Ａ

Ｂhasjoined

Ｃwasinhasbeenin、knowhimwell?—.WefriendstenyearsagoＡ

Ｂ

Ｃ.becomeＤhave、longhaveyouhere—Aboutmonths.Ａ

Ｂgone

Ｃ.comeＤ.arrived、Hurryfortenminutes.ＡhasbegunＣhasbeen

Ｂ.Ｄ.began、It_____tenyearsheleftarmy.Ａ

Ｂhas

Ｃwill

Ｄ.、Missisn'tinoffice.she_______theＡ

Ｂwent

ＣgoＤhas

、My______Shandongfortenyears.ＡinＣ

Ｂ.toＤhavebeen、studentscleanedtheclassroom,?A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey、hasMrbeenaofGreenersincehetoChina?Howsoon,B.often,gotC.HowD.Howarrived、Hisforyears.hascomeherehasworkC.livedD.hasleft二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。、Henever?（改成反意疑問句）、beensince(對劃線部分提問)here?oldman_________lastyear.forayear.(die)（動(dòng)詞填空）、Thisopenedtwentyago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn))Thisfactoryforyears.、MissGaoleftanago.(義句轉(zhuǎn)換Miss_________