河南省洛陽市普高聯(lián)考2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期英語測(cè)試卷三（ 含答案解析 ）

第1頁/共1頁普高聯(lián)考2022-2023學(xué)年高三測(cè)評(píng)(三)英語注意事項(xiàng):1.答卷前,考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)等填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2.回答選擇題時(shí),選出每小題答案后,用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng),用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí),將答案寫在答題卡上,寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后,將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutthejourney?A.It’srelaxing.B.It’swonderful.C.It’sdisappointing.2.Whichprogramwillbeshownafterthefootballmatch?A.Thenews.B.Thecartoon.C.Afoodprogram.3.Wheredoesthisconversationtakeplace?AOnaship.B.Onatrain.C.Onaplane.4.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Guideandvisitor.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Managerandsaleswoman.5.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Shecan’tfindhernotes.B.Itisnousereadingthenotes.C.MrSmithdidn’tcometoday.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6至7題。6.Whatdidthemangivetothewoman?A.Hisnewaddress.B.Hisnewphonenumber.C.Hiskeytotheapartment.7.Whatcanwelearnabouttheman’soldapartment?A.Therentwastoohigh.B.Itwasnearhisoffice.C.Theneighborsweren’tfriendly.聽第7段材料,回答第8至9題。8.Whatdayisittoday?A.Wednesday.B.Thursday.C.Friday.9.Whatisthemangoingtodonext?A.Waitforhiswatch.B.Talktothemanager.C.Gotoanotherstore.聽第8段材料,回答第10至12題。10.Whatdidthespeakerstalkaboutlastweek?A.Westernmusic.B.Dailywork.C.Namecards.11.Whydoesthemanofferthewomanhiscard?A.Togethercontactdetails.B.Tostopdiscussingwithher.C.Tomeetupwithher.12.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Helostthewoman’scard.B.Heforgotthewoman’sname.C.Hedidn’trecognisethewoman.聽第9段材料,回答第13至16題。13.WhatwillthespeakersdoonSaturday?A.Gohiking.B.GototheEnglishclub.C.Gotoabookstore.14.WhenwillBeth’splaybeon?A.OnTuesday.B.OnWednesday.C.OnThursday.15.Wherewillthecharityshowbeheld?A.Inthehospital.B.Inthecountrypark.C.Ontheschoolplayground.16.WhatdoesthewomansuggestdoingonFriday?A.Goingtothehospital.B.Doingsomecharitywork.C.Watchingafootballgame.聽第10段材料,回答第17至20題。17.What’stheweatherlikenow?A.Rainy.B.Snowy.C.Sunny.18.Howlongwilltheyspendonwalking?A.Morethan6hours.B.Only6hours.C.Lessthan6hours.19.Whatshouldbeavoidedtakingtomorrow?A.Amap.B.Acamera.C.Awhistle.20.Whatshouldtheydonow?A.Gotodinner.B.Gotosleep.C.Gotoschool.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AOnJuly27,2022,aheadofthePLA’s95thbirthday,ChinesepresidentXipresentedtheAugust1Medaltothreemilitaryservicememberswhohavemadeoutstandingcontributions.Let’smeetthreeofthem.QianQihuQianQihu,85,ascientistattheChineseAcademyofEngineering,hasmademajorcontributionstobuildingaseriesofdefensefacilitieslocateddeepinsidemountains.Qiandescribedhisworkasthe“UndergroundSteelGreatWall”thatcanguaranteethesecurityofChina.EventhoughQianhasretired,hehasn’tstoppedworking.HeactivelyadvisesontheconstructionoftheSichuan-TibetRailway.“ThoughI’maover80,IfeelthatIstillhavealotofthingstodo,”hesaid.NieHaishengIn2021,NieHaishengworkedascommanderoftheShenzhouXIImission,becomingthefirstmembertoliveandworkinChina’sTiangongspacestationforthreemonths.Hewonthetitleof“heroastronaut”afterShenzhouVImission.With1,480hoursofflighttime,hebecameafirst-gradepilotandjoinedthecountry’sfirstteamofastronautsin1998.Hespentcountlesshourstraininghardtopreparetoflytospace.Hegotadoctoraldegreein2021.“You’renevertoooldtolearn,”the57-year-oldsaid.DuFuguoOnOct11,2018,deminingsoldierDuFuguoandhisteammatesweredoingamineclearanceinYunnan.Suddenly,agrenade(手榴彈)exploded.Dumanagedtoprotecthisteammates,buthelosthishandsandeyesforever.Duwasanexcellentdeminingsoldier,whovolunteeredtojointheChina-Vietnambordermineclearancemissionin2015.Hewassotalentedthathehadmasteredmorethan10differentwaystoremovebombswithinthreemonths.1.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeNieaccordingtothepassage?A.Hardworkingandstrong-willed. B.Professionalandcreative.C.Loyalandmodest. D.Considerateandoutgoing.2.WhatcanweknowaboutDuFuguo?A.Duisasoldierwhoremovedgrenadesonly.B.DulosthishandsandeyesforeverinVietnam.C.DujoinedtheChina-Vietnambordermineclearancemissionfouryearsago.D.Dumasteredmanywaystoremovebombsinashorttime.3.Whatdothethreemenhaveincommon?A.TheyareallsoldiersofthePLAAirForce.B.Theyallsuccessfullysavedtheirpartners.C.Theyallmakeoutstandingcontributionsintheirarea.D.Theyareallstudyingfortheirdoctor’sdegree.【答案】1.A2.D3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了“八一勛章”的三位獲得者?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)NieHaisheng部分中“Hespentcountlesshourstraininghardtopreparetoflytospace.(他花了無數(shù)小時(shí)刻苦訓(xùn)練，準(zhǔn)備飛向太空。)”可知，他是工作勤勞的；同時(shí)根據(jù)該部分中“Hegotadoctoraldegreein2021.“You’renevertoooldtolearn,”the57-year-oldsaid.(他于2021年獲得博士學(xué)位?！盎畹嚼?，學(xué)到老，”57歲的他說。)”可知，不論年齡多大，他堅(jiān)持學(xué)習(xí)，可以體現(xiàn)出他是意志堅(jiān)定的。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)DuFuguo部分中“Hewassotalentedthathehadmasteredmorethan10differentwaystoremovebombswithinthreemonths.(他才華橫溢，在三個(gè)月內(nèi)就掌握了10多種不同的拆除炸彈的方法。)”可知，他才華橫溢，在很短的時(shí)間內(nèi)就掌握了10多種拆除炸彈的方法。故選D。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“theAugust1Medaltothreemilitaryservicememberswhohavemadeoutstandingcontributions.(八·一勛章授予三名做出突出貢獻(xiàn)的軍人。)”可知，文中這三位“八一勛章”獲得者的共同點(diǎn)是，他們都是在各自領(lǐng)域做出突出貢獻(xiàn)的軍人。故選C。BChinacameinsecondplaceoverallafterlosingtotheUSA83-61intheFIBAWomen’sBasketballWorldCupfinalonSaturdayinSydney,Australia.Itwaslikehistoryrepeateditselfbecause28yearsago,in1994,ChinafinishedtheWorldChampionshipwithsilvermedalsinAustraliaaswell.Onthewaytothetopstage,theydefeatedtraditionalwomen’sbasketballpowerhousesincludingFranceandAustralia.Actually,theroadtothesuccesswasquitetough.Ontheonehand,ChinesetopscorerLiMeng,whosufferedfromafever,wasabsentfromthefinal.Earlierinthegroupstage,ChinalosttotheUnitedStates77-63,whenLiscored21points,morethananyoneelseonthecourt.Ontheotherhand,theaggressivenessofcompetitorsproduced13stealsforUSAandforced19turnoversoutofChina.Moreover,therewasalwaysadefenderfollowingHanXucloselytostandinthepassingroutebetweenHanandherteammates.ItwasverydifficultfortheChineseguardtopasstheballoutagainstsuchdefense,nottomentiontofeedHanforanopenshot.Facedwithchallenges,girlsdidn’tgiveup.Theyworkedtogethertocompeteagainstthe“powerhouse”.LiYueruledChinawith19pointsand12rebounds,whichmadeLithefirstdouble-doubleinaWorldCupfinalsince2013.Meanwhile,ChineseplayerWuTongtongscored13pointsbeforebeinghelpedoffthecourtwithaleginjury.“Wetriedourbesttowintoday.Thoughwedidn’tmakeit,wefeelthatweshowedourbestandhopetogetbetterresultsinthefuture,”LitoldXinhua.Saturday’slosswasnotthebestresultforChina,butitcouldbeagoodlessonfortheirplayers,headcoachZhengWeiandeveryotherinvolvedwithChinesebasketballdevelopmenttolearnsotheycandobetterinthefuture.4.WhatisthemainpurposeofParagraph2?A.Tointroducethechallengestheyfaced.B.Tointroducehowtoovercomedifficulties.CTotellreadershowtoplaybasketball.D.Tostatehowtodevelopthestrategyforthebasketballcompetition.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutLiYueru?A.Shescored21pointsinthefinal.B.Shebecamethefirstdouble-doublein1aWorldCupfinalsince2013.C.Shewasabsentfromthefinalbecauseofthefever.D.Shewasthebiggestfanofshooting3-pointers.6.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Patienceisthemotherofgoodluck.B.Nothinggreatwaseverachievedwithoutenthusiasm.C.Continuousefforts-notstrengthorintelligence-isthekeytounlockingourpotential.D.Successisnotmeasuredbythepositionyoureachinlifebutthedifficultiesyouovercome.7.Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A.Anadvertisement. B.Anewsreport.C.Amagazine. D.Asportsbrochure.【答案】4.A5.B6.D7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章介紹的是周六，在澳大利亞悉尼舉行的國際籃聯(lián)女籃世界杯決賽中，中國隊(duì)以83-61負(fù)于美國隊(duì)，排名第二?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Actually,theroadtothesuccesswasquitetough.(事實(shí)上，通往成功的道路是相當(dāng)艱難的。)”以及“Ontheonehand,ChinesetopscorerLiMeng,whosufferedfromafever,wasabsentfromthefinal.Earlierinthegroupstage,ChinalosttotheUnitedStates77-63,whenLiscored21points,morethananyoneelseonthecourt.Ontheotherhand,theaggressivenessofcompetitorsproduced13stealsforUSAandforced19turnoversoutofChina.Moreover,therewasalwaysadefenderfollowingHanXucloselytostandinthepassingroutebetweenHanandherteammates.(一方面，中國的頭號(hào)射手李孟因?yàn)榘l(fā)燒而缺席了決賽。在此前的小組賽中，中國隊(duì)以77-63不敵美國隊(duì)，當(dāng)時(shí)李娜得到21分，比場(chǎng)上任何人都多。另一方面，競(jìng)爭對(duì)手的侵略性為美國隊(duì)創(chuàng)造了13次搶斷，迫使中國隊(duì)出現(xiàn)19次失誤。而且，在韓旭和隊(duì)友之間的傳球路線上，總有一名防守隊(duì)員緊緊跟著韓旭。)”可知，本段講述的是中國女排在通往成功的道路上所面臨的的各種困難。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“LiYueruledChinawith19pointsand12rebounds,whichmadeLithefirstdouble-doubleinaWorldCupfinalsince2013.(李月汝以19分和12個(gè)籃板領(lǐng)銜中國隊(duì)，這使李成為自2013年以來世界杯決賽中的第一個(gè)兩雙。)”可知，李成為自2013年以來世界杯決賽中的第一個(gè)兩雙。故選B。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Facedwithchallenges,girlsdidn’tgiveup.Theyworkedtogethertocompeteagainstthe“powerhouse”.(面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)，女孩們沒有放棄。他們一起與“強(qiáng)國”競(jìng)爭。)”以及倒數(shù)第二段中“Wetriedourbesttowintoday.Thoughwedidn’tmakeit,wefeelthatweshowedourbestandhopetogetbetterresultsinthefuture.(我們今天盡了最大努力去贏。雖然我們沒有成功，但我們覺得我們已經(jīng)盡了最大的努力，希望在未來取得更好的成績。)”以及最后一段中“Saturday’slosswasnotthebestresultforChina,butitcouldbeagoodlessonfortheirplayers.(周六的失利對(duì)中國隊(duì)來說不是最好的結(jié)果，但對(duì)他們的球員來說可能是一個(gè)很好的教訓(xùn)。)”可知，周六的失利對(duì)中國隊(duì)來說不是最好的結(jié)果，但對(duì)他們的球員來說可能是一個(gè)很好的教訓(xùn)，雖然中國女籃負(fù)于美國隊(duì)，排名第二，但是她們?nèi)〉玫某煽儾皇且悦蝸砗饬康?，而是用克服的困難來衡量的。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，文章介紹的是周六，在澳大利亞悉尼舉行的國際籃聯(lián)女籃世界杯決賽中，中國隊(duì)以83-61負(fù)于美國隊(duì)，排名第二。文章介紹的是該新聞事實(shí)，故可以推斷文章出自于一篇新聞報(bào)道。故選B。CWeareallawareoftheeffectgreenhousegasemissionsarehavingonourplanetandtheeffortsneededtotackleclimatechange.Mostofusaredoingourbittominimizeourimpactontheenvironment,butdespiteouroveralleffort,arewedoingenoughtoachievenetzeroby2050?Netzeromeansnotincreasingtheamountofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.ManycountriesaredoingtheirbitbychanginghowtheygenerateandIusepower,therebycuttingcarbondioxideoutput.IntheUK,thegovernmenthasbeensettingoutitsplanstoachievenetzeroby2050.It’srecentlyannouncedanenddateforthesaleofgasboilers,whichareusedforheatinghomes.Theideaistoreplacethemwithheatpumps.It’sofferinghomeownersgrantsofupto￡5,000togettheminstalled.AnothermovementintheUKisabigpushtowardselectricvehicles.Therewillbefinancialincentives(動(dòng)機(jī))forcarmanufacturers,andmorechargingpointsaretobeinstalled(安裝)instreets.Andtherewillbeaprohibitiononthesaleofnewpetrolanddieselcarsby2030.Butnotallemissionscanbereducedtozero,sotheremainingemissionswillhavetobecompensatedfor,oroffset.Onewaytodothisistoplantthousandsoftrees,whicharegoodatabsorbingcarbondioxide.TheUKgovernmenthaspledgedtothecitizenstoplant30,000hectaresoftreesayearby2025.WhethertheUK,oranyoneelse,canreachnetzeroremainstobeseen.Andthere’ssomedoubtabouthowthiscanbeaccuratelymeasuredanyway.Butit’sgenerallyrecognizedthataglobaleffortisneededtotackleclimatechange.Therefore,netzerotargetsonlymakesenseifeveryothercountryismovinginthesamedirection.8.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?A.Netzeromeansremovingthegreenhousegasesfromtheatmospherethoroughly.B.Britishwillceaseusinggasboilers.C.Everyhomeownerwillreceive￡5,000forinstallinggasboilers.D.TheUKgovernmenthaspersuadedallBritishtobuyelectricvehicles.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“pledged”inParagraph4probablymean?A.guaranteed B.planned C.announced D.started10.Accordingtothepassage,whichmeasuremaybeineffectiveforachievingNetZeroTargets?A.Replacegasboilerswithheatpumps.B.Popularizeelectricvehicles.C.Plantthousandsoftrees.D.Sellnewpetrolanddieselcars.11.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.UK—thePioneerofNetZeroTargetsB.UnavoidableImpactofClimateChangeC.JointEffortIsEssentialtoAchieveNetZeroTargetsD.TheWaystoAchieveNetZeroTargets【答案】8.B9.A10.D11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，文章介紹了英國政府為了實(shí)現(xiàn)“凈零排放”而制定了一些計(jì)劃。但是對(duì)于該目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)，全球共同努力才是關(guān)鍵?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“It’srecentlyannouncedanenddateforthesaleofgasboilers,whichareusedforheatinghomes.(最近，政府宣布了用于家庭供暖的燃?xì)忮仩t的銷售終止日期)”可知，英國將停止使用燃?xì)忮仩t。故選B。【9題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后面的內(nèi)容“toplant30,000hectaresoftreesayearby2025(到2025年，每年要種植3萬公頃的樹木)”可知，英國政府為了降低減排，將會(huì)種植成千上萬棵樹，由此英國政府向民眾承諾每年要種植3萬公頃的樹木。故劃線詞與guarantee為近義詞，意為“保證，承諾”。故選A?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“Andtherewillbeaprohibitiononthesaleofnewpetrolanddieselcarsby2030.(到2030年，英國將禁止銷售新的汽油和柴油汽車)”可知，為了實(shí)現(xiàn)凈零目標(biāo)英國將禁止銷售新的汽油和柴油汽車，由此推知，與之相反的措施：銷售新的汽油和柴油汽車，可能會(huì)讓實(shí)現(xiàn)凈零目標(biāo)無效。故選D?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，文章介紹了英國政府為了實(shí)現(xiàn)“凈零排放”而制定了一些計(jì)劃，結(jié)合最后一段中“Butit’sgenerallyrecognizedthataglobaleffortisneededtotackleclimatechange.Therefore,netzerotargetsonlymakesenseifeveryothercountryismovinginthesamedirection.(但人們普遍認(rèn)為，應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化需要全球努力。因此，凈零目標(biāo)只有在其他所有國家都朝著同一個(gè)方向前進(jìn)的情況下才有意義)”可知，真正實(shí)現(xiàn)這一計(jì)劃，需要全球的共同努力。故C選項(xiàng)“JointEffortIsEssentialtoAchieveNetZeroTargets(共同努力是實(shí)現(xiàn)凈零目標(biāo)的關(guān)鍵)”是文章最佳標(biāo)題。故選C。DWhatarethethingsthatscareyou:snakes,spidersorfrighteningcrawlies?Ormaybeyouhaveafearofheightsorvisitingthedentist.Althoughsomeofusjustgetscaredorabitnervousaboutthesethings,forothersitcancausearidiculousreactionthatcan’tbecontrolled-somethingwecallaphobia.Itoccurswhensomeonedevelopsanextremeorunrealisticsenseofdangeraboutasituationorobject.Sometimesit’sgoodtobeawareofthepossibledangersfromthings.Ourbrainwarnsusabouttherisksthatmightlieahead,butthenweoftenassesstherisksandovercomethem.ClinicalpsychologistWarrenMantoldtheBBC,“Ourfearsarehard-wiredintoourbrains-wedon’tneedtolearntobeafraidofanimalslikesnakesorspiders.”Butphobiasarestrongerthanjustfears.Warrensays,“Anareacalledtheamygdalainthebrainisrecognizingathreatandpreparingyourbodyforfightorflight.”Withaphobia,yourbreathinggetsquicker,yourpulsespeedsup,yousweat,there’smoreglucose(葡萄糖)inyourblood,increasingyourenergy,andyourbrainisunabletocontrolthesereactions.Butwheredoesaphobiacomefrom?LaurenRosenberg,afearandphobiaexpert,says,“Phobiasusuallyareacopybehaviourfromahigherauthority,likeaparentorteacher,orsomethingyouhavelearntfromyourownexperience,oraninjuryfromapasteventthatcomesbacktohauntyou.”Therearemanydifferentcomplexphobiassomepeoplesufferfrom,suchasagoraphobia-causedbybeingawayfromhomefortoolong,social-phobia-feelinganxiousinsocialsituations,andiatrophobia-fearofdoctors.Buthowcantheybeovercome?Cognitivebehavioraltherapyisoneoption,whereyougraduallygetusedtowhateveryoufear.LaurenRosenburgsaysshelikestoworkwithpeopletocleartheirsubconsciousmemoryandhelpthembreathe.Butifyoudohaveaphobia,continuallytryingtoavoidwhatyou’reafraidofislikelytomakethesituationworse,soit’sagoodideatofindhelptoovercomeit.12.WhichistrueaccordingtoWarren’swords?A.Phobiasarestrongerthanfears.B.Fearisahardreactiontosomethingscary.C.Phobiascancauseirrationalanduncontrolledreactions.D.Amygdalaplaysancrucialroleintheprocessofdevelopingaphobia.13.AccordingtoLaurenRosenberg,whoismostlikelytodevelopaphobia?A.Tomwhohastakenintoomuchglucose.B.Jacksonwhosawamovieaboutharmsintheschoollastweek.C.Marylivingwithherrespectablemotherthathasasocial-phobia.D.Lily,oncebittenbyadog,whostilladoresdogs.14.Forapersonwithagoraphobia,whichwillmakehimanxious?A.Visitingadentist.B.Studyingataboardingschool.C.Stayinginaroomwithoutanylight.D.Playingpirateshipwithbestfriends.15.Whatisthebestwaytotreatphobias?A.Avoidingwhatyouareafraidof.B.Disconnectingfromeveryonearound.C.Seekingprofessionals’assistance.D.Communicatingwithpeoplewhohavesimilarproblems.【答案】12.C13.D14.B15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，文章介紹了什么是恐懼癥，同時(shí)文章指出，針對(duì)恐懼癥，不斷地試圖逃避所害怕的東西可能會(huì)讓情況變得更糟，所以尋求幫助來克服它是解決問題的關(guān)鍵?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Withaphobia,yourbreathinggetsquicker,yourpulsespeedsup,yousweat,there’smoreglucose(葡萄糖)inyourblood,increasingyourenergy,andyourbrainisunabletocontrolthesereactions.(患有恐懼癥時(shí)，你的呼吸加快，脈搏加快，出汗，血液中葡萄糖含量增加，你的能量增加，而你的大腦無法控制這些反應(yīng)。)”可知，患有恐懼癥時(shí)，你會(huì)呼吸加快，脈搏加快，出汗，血液中葡萄糖含量增加，你的能量增加，而你的大腦無法控制這些反應(yīng)，即恐懼癥會(huì)導(dǎo)致非理性和不受控制的反應(yīng)。故選C。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Phobiasusuallyareacopybehaviourfromahigherauthority,likeaparentorteacher,orsomethingyouhavelearntfromyourownexperience,oraninjuryfromapasteventthatcomesbacktohauntyou.(恐懼癥通常是模仿更高權(quán)威的行為，比如父母或老師，或者你從自己的經(jīng)歷中學(xué)到的東西，或者過去事件中受到的傷害，這些傷害會(huì)回過頭來困擾你。)”可知，過去事件中受到的傷害，這些傷害會(huì)回過頭來困擾你，由此造成恐懼癥。D選項(xiàng)“Lily,oncebittenbyadog,whostilladoresdogs.(莉莉，曾經(jīng)被狗咬過，現(xiàn)在還很喜歡狗。)”可知，莉莉在過去的事件中被狗咬過，受到傷害，故有可能會(huì)得恐懼癥。故選D?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第一段中“Therearemanydifferentcomplexphobiassomepeoplesufferfrom,suchasagoraphobia-causedbybeingawayfromhomefortoolong,social-phobia-feelinganxiousinsocialsituations,andiatrophobia-fearofdoctors.(有些人患有許多不同的復(fù)雜恐懼癥，比如廣場(chǎng)恐懼癥——由于長時(shí)間離開家而引起的，社交恐懼癥——在社交場(chǎng)合感到焦慮，以及醫(yī)生恐懼癥——害怕醫(yī)生。)”可知，agoraphobia該種類別的恐懼癥是由于長時(shí)間離開家而引起的。B選項(xiàng)“Studyingataboardingschool.(在寄宿學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。)”可知，在寄宿制學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)則會(huì)長時(shí)間離家，容易形成agoraphobia這種類別的恐懼癥。故選B?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Butifyoudohaveaphobia,continuallytryingtoavoidwhatyou’reafraidofislikelytomakethesituationworse,soit’sagoodideatofindhelptoovercomeit.(但如果你確實(shí)有恐懼癥，不斷地試圖逃避你所害怕的東西可能會(huì)讓情況變得更糟，所以尋求幫助來克服它是個(gè)好主意。)”可知，解決恐懼癥最好的方法不是逃避，而是尋求幫助來克服它。C選項(xiàng)“Seekingprofessionals’assistance.(尋求專業(yè)的幫助)”與文中的findhelp相呼應(yīng)。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Asthesayinggoes,timewaitsfornoman.Timeisalwaysagainstus,andwejustcan’tstopit.___16___Butiftimekeepingisnotwhatyou’regoodat,don’tstress.Theremightbeagoodreasonforyourlateness.___17___Somepeoplealwayswatchtheclockandmakesuretheyalwaysarriveontimeforameeting.Itis,afterall,rudetobelate.Butif,likeme,youwanttomakeeverysecondcount,youmighttrytosqueezeasmuchasyoucanintothetimeyouhave.However,whenyourscheduledoesn’trunaccordingtoplan,youwillcertainlybelatefornextstep.Peoplewholackpromptness(準(zhǔn)時(shí))havebeendescribedas“timebender”.AuthorGracePacietoldtheBBCthat“They’rethepeoplewhodon’twanttobelate,buttheyhaveastrangeresistancetobeingearly,andtheydon’tallowenoughtime.___18___”Perceptionsofunpunctualpeoplearealmostalwaysnegative-evenifsometimeswrong.WritingfortheBBC,LauraClarkesays,“___19___Itcouldbeyourtype.Thepunctually-challengedoftensharepersonalitycharacteristics,suchasoptimism,lowlevelsofself-control,anxiety,oratendencyforthrill-seeking.”Itisalsopossiblethatpeoplearelatetoavoidtheanxiouswaitforotherstoturnup.MaybeuslatecomersshouldmakemoreeffortandfollowtheadviceIheardtonot“try”tobeontimebut“decide”tobeontime.Iknowifameetingoradeadlinereallymatters,thenI’llbethereontime.___20___A.Beingconsistentlylatemightnotbeyourfault.B.Itisyourfaulttobelateformeetingwhileothersarewaitingforyou.C.Otherwiserelax,evenifothersareblamingme.D.Theyassumetheirjourneywillalwaysgosmoothly,andthetrainwillalwaysbeontime.E.Usually,asmallamountoflatenessisacceptable.FMaybethat’swhysomeofusarealwaysrunninglateforappointments.G.People’sattitudestobeingontimevary.【答案】16.F17.G18.D19.A20.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，文章介紹了人們遲到的原因并建議人們輕松面對(duì)這類問題。【16題詳解】根據(jù)空前的“Asthesayinggoes,timewaitsfornoman.Timeisalwaysagainstus,andwejustcan’tstopit.(俗話說，時(shí)不我待。時(shí)間總是和我們作對(duì)，我們就是無法阻止它。)”可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間總是與我們作對(duì)，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該指出由此產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。F選項(xiàng)“Maybethat’swhysomeofusarealwaysrunninglateforappointments.(也許這就是為什么我們中的一些人約會(huì)總是遲到的原因。)”符合語境，上下文是因果關(guān)系，解釋了我們總是與會(huì)遲到的原因，即我們無法阻止時(shí)間。故選F?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)后文的“Somepeoplealwayswatchtheclockandmakesuretheyalwaysarriveontimeforameeting.(有些人總是看時(shí)鐘，以確保他們總是準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)會(huì)議。)”以及后文的“Butif,likeme,youwanttomakeeverysecondcount,youmighttrytosqueezeasmuchasyoucanintothetimeyouhave.(但如果像我一樣,你想讓每一秒都有,你可能會(huì)試圖盡可能多地?cái)D出你所擁有的時(shí)間。)”可知，本段強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人們對(duì)于準(zhǔn)時(shí)的態(tài)度是不同的。G選項(xiàng)“People’sattitudestobeingontimevary.(人們對(duì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)的態(tài)度各不相同。)”符合語境，引起下文。故選G?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)本段段首“Peoplewholackpromptness(準(zhǔn)時(shí))havebeendescribedas“timebender”.(缺乏準(zhǔn)時(shí)的人被稱為“不守時(shí)的人”。)”可知，本段是圍繞“不守時(shí)的人”展開的。結(jié)合上文“AuthorGracePacietoldtheBBCthat“They’rethepeoplewhodon’twanttobelate,buttheyhaveastrangeresistancetobeingearly,andtheydon’tallowenoughtime.(作家格蕾絲·帕西在接受BBC采訪時(shí)表示:“他們是那種不想遲到的人，但他們對(duì)提前有一種奇怪的抗拒，他們不給自己足夠的時(shí)間。)”介紹不守時(shí)的人的行為，D選項(xiàng)“Theyassumetheirjourneywillalwaysgosmoothly,andthetrainwillalwaysbeontime.(他們認(rèn)為他們的旅程會(huì)一直順利，火車會(huì)一直準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)。)”對(duì)“不守時(shí)的人”進(jìn)一步介紹，承接前文。故選D?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Itcouldbeyourtype.Thepunctually-challengedoftensharepersonalitycharacteristics,suchasoptimism,lowlevelsofself-control,anxiety,oratendencyforthrill-seeking.(它可能是你的特征。不守時(shí)的人通常有共同的性格特征，比如樂觀、自控能力差、焦慮或?qū)で蟠碳さ膬A向。)”可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)“不守時(shí)”可能本身就是你自己固有的特征，經(jīng)常遲到可能不是你的錯(cuò)。故A選項(xiàng)“Beingconsistentlylatemightnotbeyourfault.(經(jīng)常遲到可能不是你的錯(cuò)。)”引起下文解釋原因，符合語境。故選A?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)前文“MaybeuslatecomersshouldmakemoreeffortandfollowtheadviceIheardtonot“try”tobeontimebut“decide”tobeontime.I(也許我們這些遲到的人應(yīng)該更努力，聽從我聽到的建議，不要“試圖”準(zhǔn)時(shí)，而是“決定”準(zhǔn)時(shí)。)”以及“Iknowifameetingoradeadlinereallymatters,thenI’llbethereontime.(我知道如果一個(gè)會(huì)議或最后期限真的很重要，那么我就會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)到場(chǎng)。)”可知，如果一個(gè)會(huì)議真的很重要，我們應(yīng)該要“決定”準(zhǔn)時(shí)，而不是“試圖”準(zhǔn)時(shí)，即一定要準(zhǔn)時(shí)到場(chǎng)。但是對(duì)于其他情況即使有人指責(zé)你，你也可以放輕松，隨意對(duì)待。故C選項(xiàng)“Otherwiserelax,evenifothersareblamingme.(否則就放松，即使別人都在指責(zé)我。)”符合語境，與前文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，介紹了兩個(gè)方面。otherwise是關(guān)鍵詞。故選C。第三部分語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分45分)第一節(jié)(共20小題;每小題1.5分,滿分30分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。EuropeanSpaceAgencyastronautSamanthaCristoforettiisbackonEarthafterspendingfiveandahalfmonthsinorbitontheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS).TheItalian___21___muchattentioninChinaaftershe___22___someclassicChinesepoemsonsocialmediawithaviewoftheChinesecapitalfromspace.Thatview___23___CristoforettitodiveintotheChineseclassicsastheISSflewoverpartsofChina.Shequoted4th-centurypoetWangXizhi’sPrefacetoPoemsComposedattheOrchidPavilion:“Lookingup,Iseetheimmensityofthecosmos;bowingmyhead,Ilookatthemultitudeoftheworld.Thegazeflies,theheartexpands,thejoyofthesensescanreachitspeak,andindeed,thisistruehappiness.”Thetextwas___24___byphotosofChinatakenfromthespacestation.Her___25___spacecraftsplasheddownoffthecoastofFlorida.Afteramedicalcheck,shewasflowntoamilitarybaseinGermany,whereCGTNEuropeaskedwhyshe___26___thatparticularpoemandifshewasawareofthe___27___ithadgained.“Ihaveagoodfriend,anItalianwhohaslivedinChinafor30years—asinologist,very___28___aboutChineseliterature.”shesmiled,“hesuggestedthattome,anditsoundedlikeagood___29___.Sounfortunately,Icannottakecreditforchoosingit—butforchoosingasmartfriend.”ItishopedthatESAastronautswill_____30_____theirChinesecounterpartsforjoint_____31_____atsomepointinthefuture.WithCristoforettihavinglaidsomegroundworkforthat,ESADirectorGeneralJosefAschbacherwasfullof_____32_____forher—andpositiveaboutthe_____33_____spiritofspaceexploration.“ShespeaksverywellinChinese,andthisposthasshownthatshecandothisverywell,”hetoldCGTN.“Spaceis_____34_____.Thereisnowaytoputa_____35_____inspace—thespacestation,thesatellites,theyflyaroundtheEarth,they_____36_____boundaries,cultures,religionsanddifferentdivides.Ithinkthisissomethingthatweshould_____37_____:Spaceisaboveeverything._____38_____theremaybemany_____39_____betweennationsonEarth,inspace,cooperationis_____40_____.”21.A.signedup B.pickedup C.usedup D.packedup22.A.recited B.expressed C.illustrated D.quoted23.A.inspired B.insulted C.indicated D.interpreted24.A.accepted B.acknowledged C.accompanied D.followed25.A.departure B.return C.recovery D.delivery26.A.wrote B.required C.chose D.published27.A.interest B.attention C.effort D.result28.A.knowledgeable B.shallow C.common D.eager29.A.possession B.adaptation C.passage D.example30.A.feedupwith B.putupwith C.comeupwith D.teamupwith31.A.strengths B.credits C.expectations D.missions32.A.praise B.criticism C.comment D.substance33.A.conflicted B.divided C.united D.separated34.A.vast B.international C.individual D.limitless35.A.boundary B.extreme C.extent D.principle36.A.bridge B.cross C.shorten D.minimize37.A.remember B.remind C.trust D.ignore38.A.Until B.When C.Upon D.While39.A.competitors B.subjects C.issues D.opportunities40.A.related B.weak C.necessary D.typical【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.B26.C27.B28.A29.C30.D31.D32.A33.C34.B35.A36.B37.A38.D39.C40.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章介紹了意大利歐洲航天局女宇航員SamanthaCristoforetti，藉由千年之前的王羲之的名句，騁目抒懷，表達(dá)她俯瞰寰宇時(shí)飛揚(yáng)的心緒。同時(shí)文章表達(dá)了中國航天員也將與外國航天員一道，共同為人類探索宇宙奧秘、推動(dòng)構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體作出更大貢獻(xiàn)?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：這位意大利人在社交媒體上，從太空中，通過引用了一些中國經(jīng)典詩歌，配圖中國首都景色，在中國引起了廣泛關(guān)注。A.signedup報(bào)名；B.pickedup引起；C.usedup用光；D.packedup打包。根據(jù)后文的“muchattentioninChina”可知，此處表示“引起了廣泛的關(guān)注”。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這位意大利人在社交媒體上，從太空中，通過引用了一些中國經(jīng)典詩歌，配圖中國首都景色，在中國引起了廣泛關(guān)注。A.r