文化語境與語言翻譯

基本顏色詞的語義比較紅色漢語中表示紅色的詞語有四十多個(gè)，如杜鵑紅，玫瑰紅，絳紅，紫紅，英語表示紅色的詞語有一百來個(gè)，carmine,,['ka:main]深紅色；洋紅色cardinal紅榜鮮紅色Honourroll紅豆Lovepea鴻運(yùn)GoodluckRedskyatnight,shepherd’sdelight,Redskyinthemorning,shepherd’swarning.早霞不出門，晚霞行千里。綠色英文中表示“嫉妒，眼紅”Red-eyed因眼睛發(fā)炎而充血發(fā)紅紅眼病PinkeyesInAmericanpoliticalelectionsthecandidatesthatwinareusuallytheoneswhohavegreenpowerbackingthem.美國常用green代稱“錢財(cái)，錢票，有經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力的”在美國政治競(jìng)選中獲勝的候選人通常都是有財(cái)團(tuán)支持的人物。YoucannotexpectMarytodobusinesswithsuchpeople.Sheisonlyeighteenandasgreenasgrass.還可以表示沒有經(jīng)驗(yàn)，缺乏訓(xùn)練，知識(shí)淺薄等。你不能指望瑪麗同這樣的人做生意，她只有十八歲，還毫無經(jīng)驗(yàn)。CountonHesaidLadiesandGentleman,Maywealllivetoagreenoldageandbeprosperousandhappy.Agreenoldage比喻幸福的晚年或精神矍鑠的晚年。他說-諸位女士、先生祝我們大家都有一個(gè)幸福的晚年，富裕而安康。ConnotationmeaningDenotationmeaningSomeonewearsagreenhat.某人戴著一頂綠色的帽子。Didthelawknowthataman’snamewastohimtheappleofhiseye,thatitwasfarhardertoberegardedascuckoldthanasseducer?cuckold['kkId]vt.與…的妻子通奸使其丈夫戴綠帽子n.有不貞妻子的男人seducer[si'dju:s]n.誘惑者；騙子；玩弄女性的人法律難道不了解一個(gè)人的名譽(yù)是他最寶貴的東西，被認(rèn)為是戴綠帽子的人比被認(rèn)為勾引者要難堪得多？denotationmeaningConnotationmeaning黃色pornographictimidcowardascoolasacucumberYellowpages黃頁電話簿Heistooyellowtostandupandfight.膽小，卑怯，卑鄙的。Viceassociateprofesser藍(lán)色情緒低落，心情不悅，沮喪，倒霉InabluemoodTohavethebluesByonesurvey,morethan20millionAmericansnowwatchatleastonebluevideoeachweek.據(jù)一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，現(xiàn)在美國二千多萬人每周至少觀看一部黃色錄像片。Purity,innocentWhitecoffeeplain牛奶咖啡Plainboiledwater白開水單純，不參雜的黑象征死亡，苦難和悲痛。TheblackFriday.Everyonehashiscrosstobear.torture兇險(xiǎn)不吉祥的日子。IgotsomeblacklooksfromtheshopkeeperwhenIcancelledmyorder.象征氣氛和憤怒。當(dāng)我撤銷我的訂單時(shí)，店老板對(duì)我怒目而視。MrBrownisaverywhiteman.Hewaslookingrathergreentheotherday.Hehasbeenfeelingbluelately.WhenIsawhimhewasinabrownstudy.Ihopehewillsoonbeinthepinkagain.布朗先生是個(gè)非常忠實(shí)可靠的人。那天，他臉上頗有病容，近來他悶悶不樂,我看到他時(shí)他在沉思之中。希望他早日恢復(fù)健康。紅白喜事Weddingsandfunerals

數(shù)字語義的模糊性及其修辭功能semanticmeaningAcrossthestreetonthesideofahousewaspaintedagiantwomanwithafive-footsmileandlongblondhair,holdingoutagiantbottle.街對(duì)面房子的墻上有一幅ra街對(duì)面房子的墻上有一幅ra大型廣告畫一位披肩金色長發(fā)的女郎，笑容滿面，手里拿著一個(gè)大瓶子。Emphasisfoucus英語句子一般是前重心，漢語句子則是后重心。Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledgedthatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife.{J.Austin,PrideandPrejudice凡事有錢的單身漢，總想娶位太太，這是一條舉世公認(rèn)的真理。Thegovernmentisdeterminedtokeepupthepressurewhateverthecostitwillpayintheend.不論最終付出什么代價(jià)，政府決定繼續(xù)施加壓力。Theseeconomicfactscannotmerelybedubbed“inflation” asunemploymentbeginstorise,asprofitsstarttofall,