鹿特丹港課件

PortofRotterdam鹿特丹港口物流管理2班第四組主講人：王杰遜小組成員及分工簡介及ppt融合：王昊歷史沿革部分：吳峰經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展部分：王聰交通運(yùn)輸部分：孟杰一帶一路部分：臧棟主講人：王杰遜PART1summary港口簡介summary簡介

Rotterdam(N51°55',E4°29')isthesecondlargestcityinHolland,theEurasianContinentalBridgebridgeheadoftheWest(eastbridgeheadisChinaLianyungangCity),islocatedinthetheRhineandMarsRiverconfluence.

鹿特丹（北緯51°55',東經(jīng)4°29'）是荷蘭第二大城市，亞歐大陸橋的西橋頭堡（東橋頭堡是中國連云港市），位于歐洲萊茵河與馬斯河匯合處。summary簡介PortofRotterdamOpened14thcenturySizeofharbor5,257ha(12,990acres)Landarea 5,299ha(13,090acres)Size10,556ha(26,080acres)Employees180,000(2016)TOP10EuropeanParts2015PART2HistoryoftheportThefirstharbourswereconstructedbetween1600and1620Rotterdamgraduallydevelopedintoaprosperousmerchantport.Theareabegantofillupwithwarehouses,breweries,sugarrefineries,gindistilleries,shipyardsandropeyards.Industryalsoflourished.The17thand18thcenturieswere‘golden’centuries.DuringtheFrenchoccupationfrom1795to1813,tradedeclinedandindustrydisappeared.Overtheyears,moreover,theentrancetotheportsiltedup.In1858PieterCalandputforwardhisplantocutthroughtheridgeofdunesattheHookofHollandsoastogivetheriverRhineanartificialestuary.On9March1872RichardYoungsailedthefirstshipalongtheNewWaterway.Historyoftheport第一批港區(qū)建于1600年到1620年之間。鹿特丹逐步發(fā)展成為一個(gè)繁榮的商業(yè)港口。倉庫、啤酒廠、糖廠、杜松子酒廠、船廠和繩廠紛紛進(jìn)駐該地區(qū)，工業(yè)也隨之逐步發(fā)展。17、18世紀(jì)迎來鹿特丹的黃金時(shí)期。1795年至1813年期間，法國占領(lǐng)鹿特丹，貿(mào)易量下降，工業(yè)銷聲匿跡。更糟糕的是，經(jīng)過多年港口的入口處已經(jīng)淤塞。1858年，皮特?卡蘭（PieterCaland）提出了在荷蘭角港（HookofHolland）的淤泥清理計(jì)劃，以此為萊茵河建造人工河口。1872年3月9日，理查德?楊（RichardYoung）沿新水道開始首航。HistoryoftheportAtthebeginningofthelastcenturytheportsubstantiallyexpandedAwholeseriesofharbourswasconstructedbythemunicipalauthority.OneofthebiggestachievementswasthediggingofWaalhaven(1922).Withawatersurfaceareaof219hectares,itwasthen–andisstilltoday–thebiggestmanmadedockintheworld.上世紀(jì)初港口顯著擴(kuò)張。上世紀(jì)初，市政當(dāng)局修建了一系列港區(qū)，其中最大的項(xiàng)目是Waalhaven港區(qū)挖掘工程（1922）。其水域面積達(dá)219公頃，是當(dāng)時(shí)也是當(dāng)今世界最大的人造碼頭。Historyoftheport鹿特丹市政港口管理局（2004年更名為鹿特丹港務(wù)局）設(shè)立于1932年。鹿特丹市政港口管理局的設(shè)立使得港口的發(fā)展更加系統(tǒng)化。1938年，鹿特丹港實(shí)現(xiàn)了第一個(gè)里程碑：超越倫敦成為歐洲第一大港。1962年，鹿特丹的貨運(yùn)量達(dá)到9600萬噸，首次超過紐約，這個(gè)來自荷蘭的海港自此成為世界第一大港。2004年，上海港在規(guī)模上超越鹿特丹港，而且更多的亞洲港口緊隨其后。但是，鹿特丹港始終保持著歐洲第一大港的地位。HistoryoftheportContainerisationTheportscapewasgraduallyundergoingtransformationwhenthecontainerenteredthesceneinthemid-sixties.ThefirstcontainershiparrivedinRotterdamon5May1966:them.s.Fairlandwith226containersonitsdeck.ThecontainerrevolutionledtothestartofofECT,theEuropeContainerTerminal,withitsHomeTerminalinEemhavenarea.Containertrafficdevelopedrapidly.By1968theportofRotterdamwashandlingaround65,000containers(TEU),in1969121,000andin1971around250,000.The1millionmilestonewasachievedin1978andin19862millioncontainerspassedthroughtheportofRotterdam.Bytheyear2007thisfigurehadreached10millionTEU.MostofthesearehandledontheMaasvlakte(ECTDelta,APMTandEuroMaxterminals).In2014ittotalled12millionTEU.PART3EconomicDevelopmentOfRotterdamport經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展目錄PART-1PART-2PART-3延期繳稅海關(guān)保稅海關(guān)檢查PART-4物流服務(wù)延期繳稅GoodsimportedintoEuropearesubjecttoVAT.InmostEUcountriesVAThastobepaidimmediatelyuponimport.Generallyspeaking,acompanyimportingproductsfromoutsidetheEUisrequiredtopayimportdutiesandVAToncethegoodsentertheEuropeanUnion.ItcanapplyforarefundofthisVATatalaterstage,aratherinefficientprocess.Thatiswhy,intheNetherlands,paymentofVATmaybedeferredtoaperiodicVATreturnthroughfiscalrepresentation.ManyEuropeancustomsbrokersandforwardersofferfiscalrepresentationforVATasaservicetotheircustomers.TheycanobtainpermissiontodeferImportVAT,usuallydueuponimport,totheperiodicreturntheymustfilefortheirclients.Inconcreteterms,theforeigntraderisnotrequiredtopayVATwhenexcisablegoodsarriveintheport.ThepaymentofVATatimportcanbepostponeduntiltheperiodicVATreturn,whentheamountofVATcanbedeductedstraightaway.Intheend,thereisnoactualpaymentofVAT.InotherEUcountries,suchasGermanyandFrance,companiesarerequiredtopayVATintheusualwayeverytimeashipmentarrives.Bytakingawaytheseunnecessarytransactionsuponimport,theNetherlandsprovidesanattractivecash-flowadvantage.(linkisexternal)延期繳稅貨物進(jìn)口到歐洲需要繳納增值稅，所以很多歐盟國家會(huì)要求貨物在入關(guān)時(shí)立刻繳稅。一般來說，一旦貨物進(jìn)入歐盟境內(nèi)，進(jìn)口公司便需要繳納進(jìn)口稅和增值稅。公司可以在后期申請?jiān)鲋刀愅硕?，這是一個(gè)相當(dāng)麻煩的過程。這也是為什么在荷蘭，客戶可以通過稅務(wù)代理延期繳納增值稅。很多歐洲報(bào)關(guān)行和貨代可以為他們的客戶提供增值稅的稅務(wù)代理服務(wù)。他們能夠獲得延期繳納進(jìn)口增值稅的批準(zhǔn)，通常是在貨物進(jìn)口后，在一個(gè)特定的時(shí)間內(nèi)為客戶填報(bào)相關(guān)文件。在實(shí)際操作中，當(dāng)貨物抵港時(shí)，外貿(mào)商不需支付增值稅，可以等到定期增值稅退稅時(shí)再繳納，那么增值稅部分就可以直接從中抵消。所以，實(shí)際上是不需要支付增值稅的。在其他歐盟國家，像德國和法國，公司需要在貨物抵港時(shí)就立刻繳稅。通過免去這些不必要的進(jìn)口手續(xù)，荷蘭能為客戶提供一個(gè)富有吸引力的現(xiàn)金流優(yōu)勢(linkisexternal)海關(guān)保稅理論上來說，貨物在進(jìn)口到歐盟時(shí)需要繳納關(guān)稅。通過將貨物存放在海關(guān)保稅倉庫，荷蘭允許客戶延期支付關(guān)稅。僅當(dāng)貨物運(yùn)出保稅倉庫時(shí)，公司才需要繳納進(jìn)口稅，從而為客戶創(chuàng)造寬松的現(xiàn)金流Theoretically,customsdutiesareduewhengoodsareimportedintotheEuropeanUnion(EU).ButtheNetherlandsallowsthepaymentofthesedutiestobepostponedthroughthestorageofgoodsinacustomsbondedwarehouse.Onlywhenthegoodsareshippedoutofthewarehousedoesthecompanypaytheimportduties,resultingagaininconsiderablecash-flowadvantages.海關(guān)檢查海關(guān)根據(jù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析決定是否需要對貨物進(jìn)行檢查。如果需要檢查的話，荷蘭海關(guān)將全天候進(jìn)行，其中主要是通過掃描完成檢查。近年來，他們投入大筆資金，在碼頭安裝高科技掃描設(shè)備和采用全世界最快速的列車掃描儀，避免了不必要的開箱檢查，從而確?？蛻糌浳锏陌踩?，減少延誤，以及避免給貨主造成不必要的成本損失。Basedonriskanalyses,thecustomsdetermineswhetherinspectionsarerequired.TheDutchCustomsoperates24/7andifinspectionsarerequired,theseareprimarilyconductedthroughscans.Inrecentyears,largeinvestmentshavebeenmadeinhigh-techscanningequipmentattheterminalsandinthefastesttrainscannerintheworld.Thankstothesescans,containersdonotneedtobeopenedunnecessarily.Thisensuresthesafetyofyourcargo,reducesdelaysandpreventsunnecessarycostsforthecargoowners.PART4鹿特丹港的交通運(yùn)輸HinterlandConnections腹地連接

Anextensiveintermodalnetworkofrail,roadandinlandwaterwaysensuresthatyourcargowilleasilyandefficientlyfinditswayfromandtotherestofEurope.ThemainindustrialandeconomiccentresofWesternEuropecanbereachedfromRotterdamwithin24hours.Basedonvolume,desiredspeed,priceandsustainabilityobjective,youcanchoosetheoptimalmodeoftransport.Thereisasuitable,reliablesolutionforanytypeofcargo.Reliable,safe,efficientandsustainabletransportbybarge可靠，安全，高效和可持續(xù)的駁船運(yùn)輸Inlandshippingisareliable,safe,efficientandsustainablewayoftransportingcargobetweentheportofRotterdamanddestinationsinEurope.Viatransportperbarge,largevolumesofgoodscanbetransportedatlowcostsandwithlowCO2emissionsperton.Transportedbywater,yourcargosailspasttrafficcongestionandroadworksandcanevenreachGermanywithouthavingtopassthroughlocks.ShippinglinestotheNetherlands,Germany,Belgium,FranceandSwitzerland通往荷蘭，德國，比利時(shí)，法國和瑞士的國際航線

TheportofRotterdamisideallylocatedatthemouthoftheRhineandtheMaasandprovideshigh-frequencyshippinglinestodestinationsinthewholeofEurope

FromtheterminalsinRotterdamanextensivefleetofinlandvesselstransportsyourcargoviatheMaasandtheRhinedirectlytothemajoreconomiccentresintheNetherlands,Germany,Belgium,France,SwitzerlandandAustria.SailingtimesvaryfromlessthanadayfordestinationsintheNetherlands,GermanyandBelgium,tofourdays,forexamplefromRotterdamtoBaselinSwitzerland.PART5OneBeltAndOneRoadendpoint一帶一路TheNetherlandshastopromotetradeandinvestmentrelationsbetweenEuropeandAsia,hasalongtradition.RotterdamasEurope'smostextensiveportalandhub,canbein24hoursconnectedtoEurope'smajorindustrialcluster,andcovertheEuropeanconsumermarketof500million.ThemostadvancedtoRotterdamportandinfrastructureforalltypesoftradeintheworldthemostefficient,reliableandefficientport.OneBeltAndOneRoadendpoint荷蘭有著促進(jìn)歐亞間貿(mào)易與投資關(guān)系的悠久傳統(tǒng)。鹿特丹港作為歐洲最四通八達(dá)的門戶和樞紐，可在24小時(shí)內(nèi)與歐洲各主要工業(yè)集群相連接，并覆蓋歐洲5億人口的消費(fèi)者市場。最先進(jìn)的碼頭和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施使鹿特丹港成為世界上對于所有貿(mào)易類型最快捷、可靠和高效的港口。一帶一路的終點(diǎn)OnOctober26,PresidentxijinpingmetwithvisitingtheNetherlandswhenkingWilliamAlexander,saidthetwocountrieshaveimplementedcomprehensiveconnectivity,aroundthe"area"allthewaytocarryoutthecooperationhasauniqueadvantage.BothsidesshouldcontinuetomaintaincooperationadvantagesinthefieldofMarine,railandairtransport,strivetobecomebiggerandstrongerforthecentralandtheEurasianinterconnectivitydevelopmenttoprovidestrongsupport."Area"hasprovidedabroadinterconnectivityofopportunity,helpstheworldtoachieveunprecedentedcloselylinked.OneBeltAndOneRoadendpoint10月26日，國家主席習(xí)近平在會(huì)見來訪的荷蘭國王威廉－亞歷山大時(shí)表示，中荷兩國已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)全方位互聯(lián)互通，圍繞“一帶一路”開展合作具有獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢。雙方要繼續(xù)保持海運(yùn)領(lǐng)域的合作優(yōu)勢，著力做大做強(qiáng)鐵路和航空運(yùn)輸，為中歐和亞歐大陸互聯(lián)互通發(fā)展提供有力支撐?！耙粠б宦贰碧峁┝藦V闊的互聯(lián)互通的機(jī)會(huì)，有助于世界實(shí)現(xiàn)前所未有的緊密聯(lián)系。一帶一路的終點(diǎn)Earlierthisyear,accordingtotheplanning,theportofRotterdamistheendof"area",isthe"landofsilk"and"Hester"rendezvousplace,alsoisthenewasia-europecontinentalbridgeeconomiccorridorofEuropeanterminals.Inadditiontoserveasa"portal"intothecontinent,theportofRotterdaminEuropeorChinahubport,thegoodscanbemovedtotheBritishIsles,Scandinavia,theIberianpeninsulaandth