高考英語閱讀表達解題技巧和練習(xí)

閱讀表達解題策略【考綱顯現(xiàn)】該題型的測試目的是從多方向多角度考察考生經(jīng)過閱讀獲守信息、辦理信息并進行書面表達的能力。比傳統(tǒng)的閱讀理解題型更具綜合性和主觀性，更能表現(xiàn)對考生的綜合語言運用能力的考察?！菊骖}評析】（天津卷）第一節(jié)：閱讀表達（共5小題;每題 2分，滿分10分）閱讀下邊短文，并依照題目要求用英語回答以下問題.AlmosteverybodyinAmericawillspendapartofhisorherlifebehindashoppingcart （購物手推車）.Theywill,inalifetime,pushthechrome-platedcontraptionsmanymiles.Butfewwillknow —oreventhinktoask—whoitwasthatinventedthem.SylvanN.Goldmaninventedtheshoppingcartin1937.Atthattimehewasinthesupermarketbusiness.Everydayhewouldseeshopperslugging(費勁地攜帶)groceriesaroundinbasketstheyhadtocarry.OnedayGoldmansuddenlyhadtheideaofputtingbasketsonwheels.Thewheeledbasketswouldmakeshoppingmucheasierforhiscustomers,andwouldhelptoattractmorebusiness.OnJune4,1937,Goldman ’sfirstcartswerereadyforuseinhismarket.Hewasterriblyexcitedonthemorningofthatdayascustomersbeganarriving.Hecouldn ’twaittoseethemusinghisinvention.ButGoldmanwasdisappointed.Mostshoppersgavethecartsalonglook,buthardlyanybodywouldgivethematry.Afterawhile,Goldmandecidedtoaskcustomerswhytheyweren ’tusinghiscarts. "Don’tyouthinkthisstrongenoughtocarryashoppingbasket? ”oneshopper.repliedButGoldmanwasn’tbeatenyet.Heknewhiscartswouldbeagreatsuccessifonlyhecouldpersuadepeopletogivethematry.Tothisend,Goldmanhiredagroupofpeopletopushcartsaroundhismarketandpretendtheywereshopping!Seeingthis,therealcustomersgraduallybegancopyingthephony (冒充的)customers.AsGoldmanhadhoped,thecartsweresoonattractinglargerandlargernumbersofcustomerstohismarket.Butnotonlydidmorepeoplecome—thosewhocameboughtmore.Withlarger,easier-to-handlebaskets,customersunconsciouslyboughtagreaternumberofitemsthanbefore.Today’sshoppingcartsarefivetimeslargerthanGoldman ’soriginalmodel.Perhapsthat ’sonereasotodayspendmorethanfivetimesasmuchmoneyonfoodeachyearastheydidbefore1937 —beforethecomingoftheshoppingcart.Theunderlinedwords “-platechromecontraptions “inParagraph1referto.(Nomorethan3words)【答案】 shoppingcarts【分析】詞義猜想題。由上句 ——apartofhisorherlifebehindashoppingcart (購物手推車)能夠得出談的是.購物手推車。WhatwasthepurposeofGoldman ’sinventi(Non?morethan10words)【答案】Itwastomakeshoppingeasierandattractmorebusiness.【分析】細節(jié)理解表達。由二段的 Everydayhewouldseeshopperslugging (費勁地攜帶) groceries和第三段可知他做購物手推車的目的。WhywasGoldmandisappointedatfirst?(Nomorethan10words)【答案】Becausefewcustomersusedhiscarts.【分析】細節(jié)理解表達。由第五段可知。WhydidGoldmanhirepeopletopushcartsaroundhismarket? (Nomorethan10words)【答案】 Becausehewantedtopromotehisshoppingcarts.【分析】細節(jié)推理表達題。由第七段重點詞 ---persuadepeopletogivethematry.可知。1/13WhatdoyouthinkofGoldman?Pleasegiveyourreasons. （Nomorethan20words）【答案】Hewasasmartbusinessman.Heinventedtheshoppingcartandmadeitacceptedbycustomers.Or:Hewassmartbutheshouldn ’thaveusedtrickstoattractcustomers.【分析】要旨粗心表達題。通讀全文掌握粗心，本文主要介紹 Goldman和他的購物手推車?！緦ｎ}剖析】本題型與閱讀理解對比，既有同樣點也存在著差異。其同樣點在于二者都是對語篇閱讀能力的考察，考生需對文章有較好的理解。差異主要表此刻以下三個方面：.閱讀理解題目的題型是客觀的，而閱讀表達的題型則是主觀的，這不單需要考生將文章理解，還需要將自己對文章的理解經(jīng)過自己的語言表達出來，并且要遇到字數(shù)的限制。這就是說閱讀理解不過要修業(yè)生將文章及題目中的信息理解了，就能作對題目，而閱讀表達不單要修業(yè)生理解文章和題目并且要把文章中的信息用自己的語言表達出來，是一種信息的輸出。.閱讀理解的文章難度較大，片幅較長，生詞許多； 閱讀表達的文章較為簡單，生詞少。.在于閱讀理解中的題型是選擇題，問題種類及所考察的方式差異很大，所供選擇的答案只有一項為哪一項正確的；但在閱讀表達中，題型和題目的設(shè)置是比較固定的，包含： 要旨歸納、填空、翻譯句子、贊同句代替、關(guān)閉性問題、開放性問題（個人看法描繪）、其余種類 等七種種類，答案常常是不獨一的。這七種種類在題目設(shè)置上的考察以下：問題種類常有問題要旨歸納What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?Whatisthepurposeofthewriter ’swritingthispassage?填空Pleasefillintheblankinthepassagewithapropersentence/properwordsorphrases.翻譯句子Translatetheunderlinedsentenceinthe paragraphintoChinese.贊同句代替Pleasefindoutthesentenceinthepassagewhichcanbereplacedbythefollowingone.關(guān)閉性問題Regularclose-endedwh-questionsbasedonthepassage.開放性問題Whatwouldyoudoifyou?Whatothersuggestionswouldyougive?Howwouldyousettletheproblemifyou ?其余種類每年的高考題將會從以上的七種種類中選出五類，問題的次序也會聯(lián)合問題的信息點在文章種出現(xiàn)的次序進行擺列。其余種類的題目屬于不確立題型，是依據(jù)文章題材和體裁的詳細特色設(shè)計的與以上六種題型不一樣的問題種類。還有就是為了控制考生在該試題上所花銷的時間，在每一個需要考生回答的 問題后面都有詳細字數(shù)的要求（翻譯句子和句子填空題除外）?！緦ｎ}技巧】1、要旨歸納：這種問題要求考生歸納文章的重點，認識題目，速讀全文，認識粗心和主題，歸納中心思想，考察考生對文章內(nèi)容的整體掌握能力。要想答好該題，考生一定有很強的歸納能力或歸納能力，標題要簡短,要擅長找尋能夠歸納全文的主題段落或許主題句，剔除文中的細節(jié)事實或許作者所用的論據(jù)，即要分清要旨和細節(jié)，歸納出來的中情意思必定要能夠覆蓋全文或整個段落，絕對不行太抽象離題太遠或許以偏概全，能夠抓住文章開頭的主題句或文章最后的結(jié)論，特別要注意文章的首段的首末句，這里常常是文章的要旨所在；文中標題格式能夠是完好的句子，簡短的短語，也能夠用問題的形式，同時要注意字數(shù)要求。詳細的表達能夠先依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容找出重點詞，此中主要看題目的第 2、3、5小題，抓住重點考察信息，再在此基礎(chǔ)上找尋重點詞、主題句，捕獲時空、次序、情節(jié)、人物、看法，并且理清文章脈絡(luò)，確立文章標題或許文章的mainidea，掌握語篇本質(zhì)。2、贊同句代替：這種題型在英語中也常說被成 "paraphrase。此”種類比較簡單，只需對句子的意義進行正確的理解，弄透所給句子的意思，而后依據(jù)語句中的重點詞，快速找出在文中相對應(yīng)的意義同樣的句 子即可。此外還應(yīng)注意這種代替中數(shù)字表達形式的變化，與主動句與被動句的邊化。需要注意的是：考2/13II?7 iOS?、川I ，IL?/Q、/7生在文章中正確找到原句后要將其完好的抄錄在答題紙所給定的地點上，切不行不過寫上第 “某某”個句子(TheXXsentenceinparagraphXX.)了事，這樣是不可以得分的！3、填空：回答此類問題時，必定第一注意弄清楚語境和上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，如遞進、轉(zhuǎn)折、并列、對照、因果等等，注意上下文，前后句的聯(lián)系；而后依據(jù)上下文的含義猜想出空白處該填句子仍是短語或許單詞，再讀上下文，看上下文能否通暢，最后確立答案。上下文之間的關(guān)系往常有以下幾種，這些關(guān)系往常經(jīng)過一些 連詞表示出來：A.同位關(guān)系(并列關(guān)系)butalso標記詞：and,also,likewise,similarly,too,either or,neithernor,notbut,notonlybutalsosameway,equally,B.遞進關(guān)系標記詞： then;besides;inaddition;additionally;whatismore;moreover,further,C對照關(guān)系(轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系)標記詞：but,however,nevertheless,nonetheless,still,inanycase,unfortunately,while,onthecontrary,incontrast,bycontrast,incomparison,conversely,ontheotherhand,D.因果關(guān)系標記詞：because,since,as,for;nowthat,so,therefore,thus,hence,accordingly,consequently,asaresult,E.退步關(guān)系標記詞： although;though;eventhough;evenif;nevertheless;despite;inspiteof;F.時間關(guān)系標記詞： when,while,as,after,before,since,until,assoonas,once,G.條件關(guān)系標記詞：if,suppose(that),supposing(that),unless,incase,so(as)longas,sofar,oncondition(that),provided(that),providing(that),without,I.表示目的(企圖)標記詞：to,inorderto,soasto,sothat,inorderthat,lest,forfearthat,as,H.解說與被解說關(guān)系標記詞：is,thatis,thatistosay,means,themeaningis(that) ,4、翻譯句子：本題主要考察考生理解英語語句的基本能力，是對學(xué)生綜合語言知識理解和運用的考察，并且需要將其轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語，所以又是對漢語表達水平的一種檢測。在該類題目中要求翻譯的句子常常是結(jié)果較為復(fù)雜或許包含一些特定習(xí)語的句子。所以，翻譯時必定要先剖析句子構(gòu)造，找準句子的骨干成 ”而后確立一些隸屬的部分，如定語，狀語、插入語等等，并聯(lián)合文章中心思想以及上下文弄清句子所在的語境，同時還要注意英、漢兩種語言及其問題特色的差異，最后在忠實于原文的基礎(chǔ)上，能夠適合應(yīng)用增詞、減詞、詞性轉(zhuǎn)變、語序轉(zhuǎn)變等技巧把英語中的從句(定語從句及名詞性從句)和較長的短語常常獨自翻譯，進而把畫線部分的長句翻譯成切合漢語表達習(xí)慣的句子。5、關(guān)閉性問題：關(guān)閉性問題是指答案是固定或獨一的問題，一般可在文章中找到明確的答案或依照。每篇文章的作者會運用事實、剖析原由或?qū)φ帐挛镩g的關(guān)系等加以論證自己的看法，本題型就是聯(lián)合文中某個問題進行解答，第一要認真地看懂問題，明確問題問的是什么，而后依照題意進行尋讀，找到文中的重要事實或細節(jié)，常與 what,when,where,who,which,why等有關(guān)。常有題的發(fā)問方式：①Whatcause?②WhatdoesthewriterreallymeanbysayingTOC\o"1-5"\h\z③Whydoestheauthormention ?④Whatarethereasonswhy ?⑤Whichistheresultof ?⑥Whereinthepassagedoestheauthordescribe ?3/13II?7 iOS?、川I ，IL?/Q、/76、開放性問題：是閱讀表達中主觀性最強的試題，解答比較簡單，要依據(jù)文章供給的線索，調(diào)換自己所學(xué)的綜合英語知識，聯(lián)合個人的看法、經(jīng)驗選擇較簡單回答的點回答有關(guān)問題。這種題會有字數(shù)要求，回答一定完好，即怎么問，怎么答。如：要回答“whichisthe ，不”要不過說“Thefirst/secondone.”要把句子寫完好；回答“why的”問題時最好用上 “because?！背Ｓ蓄}的發(fā)問方式：①Whatwouldyoudoifyouwere？②Whatothersuggestionswouldyougive?③Howwouldyousettletheproblemifyouwere ?7、其余種類：該題是聯(lián)合文章的不一樣題材和體裁給出的除以上 6種種類之外的種類的題，比方設(shè)計圖表題，推理判斷題等，問題的次序也會聯(lián)合問題所問的信息點在文章中出現(xiàn)的次序進行擺列。還有，答題字數(shù)要求（Pleaseanswerwithin10/15/20words）:一般狀況下，考生回答以下問題所書寫的英文會限制在50個以下（句子代替和句子翻譯除外），以控制考生在該試題上所花銷的時間；每一個需要考生用英語回答的問題在后邊都有詳細的字數(shù)要求。新課程標準提升了對高中生英語閱讀及寫作能力的要求，但在學(xué)習(xí)過程中存在的一些不利要素仍限制著學(xué)生這些能力的提升，要提升學(xué)生閱讀表達能力，第一要戰(zhàn)勝影響做閱讀表達題的不利要素。解答閱讀題的重點是弄清楚其考察的目的、問題的種類和掌握必定的答題技巧，并在老師的指導(dǎo)下進行必定量的針對性訓(xùn)練；特別要注意的是平常必定要注意英語書面表達能力的提升以及書寫的訓(xùn)練。8、要保持書寫清楚，工整；卷面整齊、潔凈。給閱卷老師留下一個好印象?！緦ｎ}訓(xùn)練】（一）此刻社會“感恩”話題流行，總有一些有關(guān)感恩的人和事會讓我們思慮許久。這篇閱讀表達題會給我們一些很好的啟示，讓我們有深深的感悟。Ourlittleboycameuptohismotherinthekitchenoneeveningwhileshewasfixingsupper ,andhandedherapieceofpaperthathehadbeenwritingon.Afterhismomdriedherhandsonanapron ,shereadit,andthisiswhatitsaid：Forcuttingthegrass$5.00Forcleaningupmyroomthisweek$1.00Forgoingtothestoreforyou$0.50Baby一sittingmykidbrotherwhileyouwentshopping$0.25Takingoutthegarbage$1.00Forgettingagoodreportcard$5.00Forcleaningupandrakingtheyard$2.00Totalowed:$14.75Well,I'lltellyou,hismotherlookedathimstandingthereexpectantly,andboy,couldIseethememoriesflashingthroughhermind.Soshepickedupthepen,turnedoverthepaperhe 'dwritten,andonthisiswhatshewrote：FortheninemonthsIcarriedyouwhileyouweregrowinginsideme ,NoCharge.ForallthenightsthatI'vesatupwith,youdoctoredandprayedforyou,NoCharge.Forallthetryingtimes,andallthetearsthatyou 'vecausedthrough,thereyears'sNoCharge.Forallthenightsthatwerefilledwithdread,andfortheworriesIknewwereahead,NoChargeForthetoys,food,clothes,andevenwipingyournose,there'sNoCharge,Son.Whenyou,thecostofmyloveisNoCharge.Well,friends,whenoursonfinishedreadingwhathismotherhadwritten,thereweregreatbigoldtearsinhiseyes,andhelookedstraightupathismotherandsaid： “Mom,Isuredoloveyou. "Andthenhetookthepenandingreatbiglettershewrote："PAIDINFULL”.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?Whichsentenceinthepassageistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone?Althoughyouhavebroughtmehardtimesandmanytearsintheseyears,youneedn 'tpayf0rthem.4/13

Pleasefillintheblankinthepassagewithproperwordsorphrasestocompletethesentence. (withintenwords)Whatdoyoulearnafterreadingthepassage?(within30words)TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.(二)“假如你信念堅定，你只需要深信所發(fā)生每一個結(jié)果都對你有益?；蛟S過一段時間以后，你就會理解了"。相信這樣主題的閱讀表達文章能夠讓學(xué)生得益匪淺。Twotravelingangelsstoppedtospendthenightinthehomeofawealthyfamily.Thefamilywasrudeandrefusedtolettheangelsstayinthemansion ’sguestroom.Insteadtheangelsweregasmallspaceinthecoldbasement.Astheymadetheirbedonthehardfloor,theolderangelsawaholeinthewallandrepairedit.Whentheyoungerangelaskedwhy,theolderangelreplied,“Thingsaren’talwayswhattheyseem. ”Aftersharingwhatlittlefoodtheyhadthecouplelettheangelssleepintheirbedwheretheycouldhaveagoodnight’srest.Whenthesuncameupthenextmorningtheangelsfoundthefarmerandhiswifeintears.Theironlycow,whosemilkhadbeentheirsoleincome,laydeadinthefield.Theyoungerangelwasinfuriatedandaskedtheolderangelhowcouldyouhaveletthishappen?Thefirstmanhadeverything,yetyouhelpedhim,sheaccused.Thesecondfamilyhadlittlebut,andyouletthecowdie.“Thingsaren’talwayswhattheyseem, “theolderangelreplied.Whenwestayedinthebasementofthemansion,Inoticedtherewasgoldstoredinthatholeinthewall.Sincetheownerwassoobsessedwithgreedandunwillingtosharehisgoodfortune,Isealedthewallsohewouldnfindit.”’ofsdeathbed,thecameangelforhiswife.Igavehimthecowinstead.tturnoutthewaytheyshould.Ifyouhavefaith,you’ofsdeathbed,thecameangelforhiswife.Igavehimthecowinstead.tturnoutthewaytheyshould.Ifyouhavefaith,youThingsaren’talwayswhattheyseem.Sometimesthatisexactlywhathappenswhenthingsdonjustneedtotrustthateveryoutcomeisalwaystoyouradvantage.Youjustmightnotknowituntilsometimelater.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?Whichsentenceinthepassageistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone?Thecouplesharedtheirlittlefoodwiththetwoangelsandthensparedtheirbedforthetwoangelstorestforagoodnightwillingly.(within30words)Pleasefillintheblankinthepassagewithproperwordsorphrasestocompletethesentence. ((within30words)Doyouthinklifeisequalforthetwofamilies?Andwhy?TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.(三)“年輕時就要學(xué)會省錢，這是重要的一課。所有好的習(xí)慣都開始于年輕時代...關(guān)于"新時代的青年人，怎樣面對理財，怎樣學(xué)會理財是值得我們沉思的問題。這篇閱讀表達題會從某些方面給我們以啟示....Learningtosavemoneywhenyou'reyoungisanimportantlesson.Allgoodlessonsaridhabitsbeginearly,andsavingisaskillthateveryoneneeds.Manypeople—adultsincluded—donothaveagoodsenseofsavingforthelongrun.IhavebeenluckytolearnthislessonearlybecauseIhavehadagrass-cuttingbusinesssinceIwas10yearsold.OfthemoneyImakeIspendabout10percentandsavetheother90.5/13Makingsureyousaveanddon'tspendtoomuchisagoodwaytobuildupwealth.Ihaveputmyearningsinabank.ManyteensIknowspendallthemoneytheyearnsoitneverhasachancetogrow.Youngpeopleshouldrealizethattheirteenageyearsareagreattimetobeginsaving.Athighschoolmanyparentspayforalmosteverything,soyourexpensescanbesmall.Ifyouhavealob,youshouldhavefunwithsomeofthemoney.Butyoushouldalsosavesomesothatitwillgrow.Thenyoucanbeginplanningforyourfuture.Whenyouspendmoney,younotonlylosethatmoney,butalsolosetheinterestyoucouldhaveearnedbysavingit.Afterhighschool,collegeisexpensiveandthen"real"lifebegins,withexpensessuchasfoodandrent.Ifyoucanholdontoagoodpercentageofthemoneyyouearnasateen,goingtocollegeandbuyingahousewillbemucheasier.,themoretimethemoneyhastogrow.Ifyouareinyourthirtieswithoutanysavings,youwillalwayshavetostruggle.Theearlieryoubeginsaving,theeasieritistocreateanestegg.Laterinlifeitcanbehardtostartsavingbecausegeneralcostsoflivingaremoreexpensiveandyoumayonlyhaveenoughtopayyourbills.Ifyouwanttobuyahouseandhaveafamily,youneedmoneytostartwith,whichcomesfromsaving.Manysaymoneycannotmakeyouhappy,andthisistrue.Butmoneycanhelpyoutoleadasecurelife.Savingearlywillmeanyouwillhavetoworkforfeweryearswhenyouareolder.Itwillalsoallowyoutospendtimedoingthethingsthatyouwanttodo.Inadditiontothis,itwillmeanyoucanlivethewayyouwanttowithoutworrying.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?Whichsentenceinthepassageistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone?Aslongasyousaveearly,you ’lldolessworktolivewellatyouroldage.Pleasefillintheblankinthepassagewithproperwordsorphrasestocompletethesentence. (within10wordsAccordingtothepassage,whatdoyouthinkofsaving? (within30words)TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.(四)“怎樣真實辦理好孩子與父親母親間的關(guān)系”向來是我們特別關(guān)注和想認識的話題。交流是必需的方式之一，可怎樣能夠進行真實心靈上的交流？我們，作為父親母親的，作為孩子的，都得需要考慮。這篇文章會給你必定的啟示....Iwas13yearsold.MyfamilyhadmovedtoSouthernCaliforniafromNorthFloridaayearbefore.Ihitadolescencewithavengeance.Iwasangryandrebellious,withlittleregardforanythingmyparentshadtosay,particularlyifithadtodowithme.Likesomanyteenagers,Istruggledtoescapefromanythingthatdidn'tagreewithmypictureoftheworld.A"brilliantwithoutneedofguidance"kid,Irejectedanyovertofferingoflove.Infact,Igotangryatthementionofthewordlove.Onenight,afteraparticularlydifficultday,I,shutthedoorandgotintobed.AsIlaydownintheprivacyofmybed,myhandsslippedundermypillow.Therewasanenvelope.Ipulleditoutandontheenvelopeitsaid,"Toreadwhenyou'realone."SinceIwasalone,noonewouldknowwhetherIreaditornot,soIopenedit.Itsaid"Mike,Iknowlifeishardrightnow,IknowyouarefrustratedandIknowwedon'tdoeverythingright.IalsoknowthatIloveyoucompletelyandnothingyoudoorsaywilleverchangethat.Iamhereforyouifyoueverneedtotalk,andifyoudon't,that'sokay.Justknowthatnomatterwhereyougoorwhatyoudoinyourlife,Iwillalwaysloveyouandbeproudthatyouaremyson.I'mhereforyouandIloveyou—hatwillneverchange.Love,Mom.Thatwasthefirstofseveral"Toreadwhenyou'realone"letters.TheywerenevermentioneduntilIwasanadult.TodayItraveltheworldhelpingpeople.IwasinSarasota,Florida,teachingaseminarwhen,attheendoftheday,aladycameuptomeandsharedthedifficultyshewashavingwithherson.Wewalkedouttothebeach,andI6/13toldherofmymom'sundyingloveandaboutthe"Toreadwhenyou'realone"letters.Severalweekslater,Igotacardthatsaidshehadwrittenherfirstletterandleftitforherson.ThatnightasIwenttobed,IputmyhandsundermypillowandrememberedthereliefIfelteverytimeIgotaletter.Inthemidstofmyturbulentteenyears,theletterswerethecalmassurancethatIcouldbelovedinspiteofme,notbecauseofme.JustbeforeIfellasleepIthankedGodthatmymomknewwhatI,anangryteenager,needed.Todaywhentheseasoflifegetstormy,Iknowthatjustundermypillowthereisthatcalmassurancethatlove-consistent,abiding,unconditionallove-changeslives.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?Whichsentenceinthepassageistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone?IreachedoutmyhandsfortheletterunderthepillowthatnightwhenIwenttobed,andIalwaysfeltreliefwiththeletterundermypillow.Pleasefillintheblankinthepassagewithproperwordsorphrasestocompletethesentence. (withintenwords)Whatdoyoulearnafterreadingthepassage?(within30words)TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.(五)本文是屬于夾敘夾議體裁，反應(yīng)的是大海污染的問題。希望能夠從中獲得警告，讓我們反醒自己的行為。完全認識到保護自然就是保護我們自己！！Everyyear2.2milliontonsofoilarespilled(散落，濺出)intotheocean.Actually,thisonlyamountstoasmallpercentageofthetotal1.6billiontonsofoilshippedaroundtheworldeachyear.However,thisspilledoilhasterribleeffectsonoceanlife,includingthecoastlineswheretheoffwashesupontoshore.Someofthelargestspillsinhistorywerecausedbyoiltankersrunningintoeachotherorbyanoiltankersailingintoshallowwaterandhittingthebottomoftheocean.Afterthesespills,officialstrytodiscoverwhoorwhatwasatfaulttohelppreventsimilaraccidentsinthefuture.OneoftheworstoilspillsinhistoryoccurredalongtheAlaskancoastlinein1989.Inthisaccident,42,000tonsofoilspilledfromatankerwhichresultedinterribledamagetothissensitivenaturalarea.Inthisspill,thetanker'scaptain,whowastiredfromoverworkanddrinkingalcohol,hadgoneto.Hegavecontroloftheshiptothethirdmate.Thethirdmatewasunfamiliarwiththepaththeshiptook,andherantheshipontoBligheReef.BligheReefisanaturalunderwaterrockwallneartheAlaskancoast.Damagedbythereef,theshipleakedoiloutintotheocean.Morethan1,600kilometersofcoastlinewereaffectedbytheoilspill.Somescientistswhostudiednatureintheareaguessedthat580,000birdsand5,500othersdiedwhentheoilfromthespillcoveredtheirskin.Aswell,smallershellfishandotherseacreatureswerelatereatenbyseals,whales,andotheranimals.Themostoileverspilledwasactuallydumpedonpurposeasanactofecologicalwarfare.Thetermecologicalwarfaremeanstofightbydoingharmtonatureintheareaunderattack.In1990,IraqsentsoldiersintoKuwaitandsetoffthePersianGulfWar.AspartoftheIraqwarplan,900,000tonsofoilwereletoutintothePersianGulfWayIraq.Thisoilcovered1,500squarekilometersofwaterinthePersianGulf.Theoilalsodamaged650kilometersofthecoastlineofbothKuwaitandSaudiArabia.Insomeplaces,oilfloatingonthewaterwasmeasuredtobe43centimetersthick.Waterbirds,waterplants,andbabyfishwereallseriouslyaffectedbytheoil.Thelong-termeffectsofthisactonthefoodchainintheareaareboundtocauseproblemstarintothefuture.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?Whichsentenceinthepassageistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone?Officialsmakeeffortstodoresearchintotheoilspillaccidentsanddon’twanttoseethesimilarthingshaagaininthefuture.Pleasefillintheblankinthepassagewithproperwordsorphrasestocompletethesentence. (withintenwords)Whatdoyouthinkoftheoilspillaccidenthappeningin1990inthePersianGulf? (within30words)TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.7/13II?7 iOS?、川I ，IL?/Q、/7（六）健康問題向來是生活中的熱門話題。特別關(guān)于女性來說，你知道穿矮高跟鞋和純粹的高跟鞋對你身體健康的影響嗎？Healthykneesaren'tthemainconsiderationinchoosinghighheels,butnewresearchsayschunkyheelsarejustasspindlystilettos （細高跟鞋） ."Ittakesalongtimetofeeltheeffectsofkneeosteoarthritis （骨關(guān)節(jié)炎）一andonceyoudo,itistoo]ate,"saidDr.CaseyKerrigan,leadingresearcherofthestudyandassociateprofessoratHarvardMedicalSchool'sdepartmentofphysicalmedicine."Icompareittosmoking—onecigaretteisnotpainful,butoveralifetimeitis.Wide-heeledshoesfeelcomfortable,sowomenwearthemalldaylong,"Kerrigansaid. "Theyarebetterforyourfeetthanstilettoheels,butjustashadforyourknees. ”Theideathathighheelsarebadforyourhealthisn'tnew—scientistshavewarnedwomenforyearsthattheycontributetoproblemsrangingfromcornstohammertoes,tendonitis,kneepain,sprained （扭傷）anklesandbackproblems.Butin1998,KerdganandateamofHarvardresearcherswerethefirsttolinkhighheelsandkneeosteoarthritis,apainfuljointdiseasethatdestroyscartilage （軟骨）surroundingtheknee.Thefirststudylookedonlyatstilettoheels,andKerrigansaidshewantedtostudythechunkyhigh-heeledshoesshenoticedmanywomenwearing."Thisstudyconfirmswhatweallintuitively（直覺地）knowthathigh-heeledshoesofanykindarenotgoodforourhealth,"saidDr.GlennPfeifer,aSanFranciscodoctorandmemberoftheAmericanAcademyofOrthopedicSurgeonswhowasnotconnectedtothestudy.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?Whichsentenceinthepassageistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone?Inmyopinion,itissimilartosmoking,forsmokingonecigarettedoeslittleharmbutifyousmokeallyourlife,it’llbeverypainful.Pleasefillintheblankinthepassagewithproperwordsorphrasestocompletethesentence. （withintenwords）Whatdoyouthinkofwearingthechunkyheelsaccordingtothepassage? （within30words）TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.（七）旅游莫非只好讓人們享受美景放松心情嗎？不，它還能夠很有成效的降低犯法率，這一點你相信嗎？來看這篇文章吧Americansthinkthattravelisgoodforyou,someeventhinkitcanhelponeofthecountry'sworstproblems-crime （犯法）.Crimeworriesalotofpeople.Everyyear,thenumberofcrimesgoesupandup.Andmanycriminals （犯人）areyoung.Theyoftencomefromsadhomes,withonlyoneparentornoparentsatall.Therearemanyyoungcriminalsinprison.Butprisondoesn'tchangethem.Sixorsevenintenwillgobacktocrimewhentheycomeoutofprison.Oneman,BobBurton,thoughtofanewidea.Intheolddays,youngmenhadtoliveadifficultlifeontheroad.Theylearnedtobestrongandbrave,andtohelptheftfriendsilltimeofdanger.Thishelpedthemtogrowintomen.SoBobBurtonstarted"VisionQuest".Hetakesyoungcriminalsonalong,longjourneywithhorsesandwagons （馬車），3,000milesthroughsevenstates.Theyareontheroadformorethanayear.TheyoungpeopleonVisionQuestallhavebadproblems.Mostofthemhavealreadyspenttimeinprison.Thisistheirlastchance.8/13

II?7 iOS?、川I ，IL?/Q、/7It'shardworkontheroad.Theworkstartsbeforethesuncomesup.Theboysandgirlshavetofeedthehorses.Someofthemhaveneverlovedanyonebefore.Buttheycanlovetheirhorse.Thatlovecanhelpthemtoanewlife.Gowest,hasbeenNotalltheyoungpeopleonVisionQuestwillleavecrimebehindthem.Threeorfourintenwilloneday.BobBurtonisright.Travelcanbegoodforyou.Eventoday.Americansstillsay, "youngman.Gowest,hasbeenWhat’sthemainideaofthepassage?Whichsentenceinthepassageistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone?Thecriminalsareveryunfortunate,becausetheyhavesingleparentortheyareorphansPleasefillintheblankinthepassagewithproperwordsorphrasestocompletethesentence. （Withintenwords）Whatdoyouthinkofthemeaningofthetraveltotheyoungmenintheolddaysaccordingtothepassage?（within30words）TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.（八）Eatingdisorderisverycommonnow."WhenIfirstwroteaboutthis.theproblemwasprettymuchhiddendidn'texpectittogetasbadasitis."SusieOrbach,aninternationalauthority （威望）oneatingdisorders,said.Orbachmustattimesthinktheanti-dietmessageofherbook “fatisaFeminist（女Issue權(quán)主義問題）lostsinceitwaswrittenmorethan20yearsago.Girls,boys,oldpeople—eventhefamouslywell-roundedfemalepopulationofFijiarefallingvictims （犧牲品）tofatfear."Ifanything,thesituationhasgotmuch,muchworse.Wenowhavekidsasyoungaseightandwomeninoldpeople'shomesworriedaboutthewaytheylook. "Orbachsaid.Eventhoughithasbeenprovedthatrepeateddietingresultsinalittlemorethanregainingmostofthelostweight,constantdietinghasbecomeawayoflifeformanywomen.48percentofBritishwomenaged25to35wereonsomekindofdietand20percentofyoungwomendietedallormostoftime.Someofthemsaidtheywouldpopapilltogivethemtheirbeautifulshape,evenifitmeantriskingtheirhealth.Worldwide,70millionpeoplehaveaneatingdisorder.Mostarewomen,butmenareincreasinglyaffected,too.MorethanhalfthewomenandtwothirdsofthemeninBritainweightoomuch.whileintheUnitedStatesmorethanonequarterofadultsandaboutoneinfivechildrenareoverweight.Theideathatfemalebeautyisaverythinbodycouldbechanged,ifclothingfactoriesandmagazinesshowedimages （形象）ofwomenofallshapesinsteadofselectingskeletal-likemodelsandstick-thinactress.Butthatiseasiersaidthandone.Togetthemessageacross,OrbachisalsoconsideringtalkingtopopstarssuchasVictoriaBeckhamandGeriHalliwell,bothofwhomhaveadmitted.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?Whichsentenceinthepassageistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone?Lotsofwomenhaschosenconstantdietingaspartoftheirlifedespitethefactthatconstantdietingleadstothelostweightbeingregained.Pleasefillintheblankinthepassagewithproperwordsorphrasestocompletethesentence. （withintenwords）Areyouinfavorofdieting?Andwhy? （within30words）9/13TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.（九）Modernlifeisalotlesstotheadvantageoffriendshipsandneighborlinessthanitusedtobe.TheaverageAmericanmoveseveryfiveyears.Peopledrivestraightintotheirgarages,hirelawnservices,hangoutintheirbackyardsinsteadoftheirfrontporches（前走廊）.Thesedays,neig