研究生-基礎(chǔ)綜合英語-課后習(xí)題及答案

研究生-基礎(chǔ)綜合英語-課后習(xí)題及答案Unit1Education1.問答題1)TheFworddiscussedintheessayisflunking.2)Sherry’sattitudetowardtheFwordispositive.3)Whatreasonsdoestheauthorgiveforbelievingthatthethreatofflunkingstudentsisapositiveteachingtool?Flunkingisahealthythreattostudentsandcanensuretheeducationquality.Bycontrast,Manystudentsareangryandresentfulforhavingbeenpassedalonguntiltheycouldnolongerevenpretendtokeepup.4)Whatchoicedoestheauthorwanttogivetostudents?Whyissheparticularlyinterestedinthesubject?Thechoiceforstudentsiswhethertosucceedthroughhardworkortofailwithoutthethreatofbeingflunked.Theauthorisparticularlyinterestedinthissubjectbecausesheherselfteachesanadult-literacyclassandherownsonimprovedgreatlyafterbeingthreatenedwithflunkingbyastrictteacher5)Inwhatsensedoestheauthorthinkthattheeducationalsystemcheatsthestudentsandemployers?Thepresenteducationalsystemisnotstrictenoughwithstudentssothattheycaneasilygraduatewithdiplomas.However,manyofthemfindthattheyareincompetentfortheirjobsbecauseoftheirsemi-illiteracy6)Whyhavestudentsatnightschooldecidedtomakeeducationapriority?Becausetheyaremotivatedbythedesireforabetterjobortheneedtohangontotheonethey’vegot7)Whatisthepointofthisessay?Whatdoesithavetodowiththesubjectoflearning?Theessayaimsaturgingstudentstotakeapositiveattitudetowardsflunkingbecauseworkinghardatschoolwilleventuallyhelpstudentstobequalifiedfortheirfuturejobs.2.詞匯題1)Thisresearchseemstolendsomevalidity（有力的）tothetheorythatthedurgmightcausecancer.2)Inanumberofdevelopingcountries,warhasbeenanadditionalimpediment（障礙）toprogress.3)Antheawasabouttoplayhertrumpcard（王牌卡）:withouthersignaturenoneofthemoneycouldbereleased.4)Iflunked（掛科）mysecondyearexamsandwasluckynottobethrownoutofcollege5)Ididn’twanttolosemycomposure（鎮(zhèn)靜）infrontofher.6)Themanagementdidnotseemtoconsiderofficesafetytobeapriority（優(yōu)先）.7)Forthreehoursacommitteeofstatesenatorslistenedtoaparade（一系列）oflocalresidentsgivingtheiropinions8)Thousandsofliveswillbeatstake（在危機(jī)關(guān)頭）ifemergencyaiddoesnotarriveinthecitysoon.9)Brierley’sbookhasthemerit（優(yōu)點）ofbeingbothinformativeandreadable10)Ithinktherewasaconspiracy（陰謀）tokeepmeoutofthecommittee3.改寫題1)Thesediplomaswon’tlookanydifferentfromthoseawardedtheirluckierclassmates.resemblance(n.)Thesediplomasbearacloseresemblancetothoseawardedtheirluckierclassmates.2)Iblamedthepooracademicskillsourkidshavetodayondrugs.accusation(n.)Myaccusationagainstourkidsfortheirpooracademicskillswasthattheytookdrugs.3)Eventuallyafortunatefewwillfindtheirwayintoeducational-repairshops.enroll(v.)Eventuallyafortunatefewenrollintoeducational-repairshops.4)However,ifstylealonewon’tdoit,thereisanotherwaytoshow.work(v.)However,ifthisstylewon’twork,thereisanotherwaytoshow.5)Weexcusethisdishonestbehaviorbysayingkidscan’tlearniftheycomefromterribleenvironments.excuse(n.)Ourexcuseforthisdishonestbehavioristhatkidscan’tlearniftheycomefromterribleenvironments.6)Tensofthousandsof18-years-oldswillgraduatethisyearandbehandedmeaninglessdiplomas.grant(v.)Tensofthousandsof18-year-oldswillgraduatethisyearandbegrantedmeaninglessdiplomas.4.翻譯題1)Ouryoungest,aworld-classcharmer,didlittletodevelophisintellectualtalentsbutalwaysgotby.UntilMrs.Stifter.我的小兒子是個世界級的萬人迷，學(xué)習(xí)不怎么動腦筋卻總能蒙混過關(guān)。直到施蒂夫特太太當(dāng)了他的老師，這種局面才徹底改變了。2)Nooneseemstostoptothinkthat—nomatterwhatenvironmentstheycomefrom—mostkidsdon’tputschoolfirstontheirlistunlesstheyperceivesomethingisatstake.似乎沒有人停下來想想看，無論孩子們來自何種環(huán)境，他們當(dāng)中大多數(shù)若不是發(fā)現(xiàn)情況到了危急關(guān)頭，才不會把功課當(dāng)作頭等大事呢。3)Ofaverageintelligenceorabove,theyeventuallyquitschool,concludingtheyweretoodumbtofinish.這些學(xué)生智力水平至少也算中等，但最終都退學(xué)了，他們總結(jié)說自己太笨，學(xué)不下去了。4)Youngpeoplegenerallydon’thavethematuritytovalueeducationinthesamewaymyadultstudentsvalueit.年輕人往往不夠成熟，不會像我的成人學(xué)生們那樣重視教育。5)Itisanexpressionofconfidencebybothteachersandparentsthatthestudentshavetheabilitytolearnthematerialpresentedtothem.這表明老師和家長都對學(xué)生有信心，相信他們能夠?qū)W好發(fā)給他們的學(xué)習(xí)材料。6)ThismeansnomoredoingScott’sassignmentsforhimbecausehemightfail.NomorepassingJodibecauseshe’ssuchanicekid.這意味著再也不要因為擔(dān)心斯科特會不及格而替他做作業(yè)，再也不要因為朱迪是個乖孩子就放她過關(guān)。

Unit2Love1.問答題1)Underwhatcircumstanceswastheauthorproposedto?WhenshewasWindexingthebathroommirror.2)Whydoestheauthorsaythatitwasherturntogetmarried?Becauseshewasalready40yearsold,andshehadgracefullysteppedasideandwatchedbothhertwinsisterandbabysistertakethematrimonialplungebeforeher.3)Whoplayedthemajorroleinthearrangementforthewedding,theauthororherfiancé?Theauthor.4)Whydoestheauthorsaythattheuniversetriedtothwarther?BecausetheGreekbandfromLosAngelesthatshewantedwasn’tavailable.Thestitchingshehadrequestedforhercathedralveilwasallwrong.HerivorysilkgownwasbeingquarantinedsomewhereinSingapore.Andwiththeirweddingjustafewweeksaway,mostofherguestswererespondingafterthedeadline.5)Whatmadetheauthorstopthinkingaboutherwedding?Georgewasakind-hearted,considerateperson,readytoshareharehardshipwithhisbelovedfiancée.6)WhatkindofpersondoyouthinkGeorgewas?Georgewasakind-hearted,considerateperson,readytosharehardshipwithhisbelovedfiancée.7)Whatwasthedoctor’sprognosisoftheauthor’smother’sdisease?Thecancerhadn’tspread.8)Whatdidtheauthorlearnfromtakingcareofhermother?Shelearnedhowtocook,howtotakecareofherdiseasedmotherandrealizedhowconsummatelyhermotherhadcaredforherandhersisters.9)Whatdoestheweddinggiftreferto?What’sreallyimportanttoherlife.2.詞匯題1)Itisnoteasyforchinesepeopletorespondproperlytoothers’complimentsandequallydifficultforthemtoacceptcriticismsgracefully（優(yōu)雅）.2)WeshouldbetrulythankfultoMr.DengXiaopingfortakingtheplunge（做一個決定）andinitiatingtheeconomicreforminchina.3)Unfortunately,televisionstudiosarestrangelydesignedanddressing-roomsareoftenmilesawayfromthestudio,sowehadtofindaplacewheresheandherentourage（隨從人員）couldrelaxincomfortwithouttheneedtoclimbstairs.4)Whatistheuseofwhiningabout（發(fā)牢騷）yourbadluck?Itismoreimportanttofindtherealcauseofyourmisfortune.5)Therisingrealestatepricesthwarted（阻礙）hisambitionofowningahousesofhisowninthebigcity.Disappointed,hereturnedtohishometown.6)Theoldwomansatsilentlybesidehercollapsedhous,hereyesbrimmingwith（充滿）tearsandhatred.7)Hewritesclearlyandlightheartedlyaboutthe100bestriversandgiveshisexpertadviceonhowtonavigate（航行）theirreaches.8)Outsidetheforestthesnowwasalreadysixinchesdeepandgrowingsteadily,relentlessly（無情地，殘忍地）deeper.9)Thereisnodoubtthathisdutyextendstoinforminghispatient,ifasked,ofthenatureofhisillnessanditslikelyprognosis（預(yù)測，診斷）.10)Thosewhoareclimbingthecareerladderfastmayusealcoholasaboostertohelpthemtoachieve,andthosewhorecognizethattheyhavefailedtoreachthetopmayalsoturntoalcohol,inanattempttobolster（支持，提升）theirfailingself-image.Atypicallychinesecountrysidehouseisonewhoseeavesprotrude（伸出，突出）overthewall.12)Theshipcamebackfromtheregionthathadjustbeenattackedbyastrangedisease.Thusthehealthofficialsplacedallitscrewinquarantine（檢疫）.3.改寫題1)Thereissomethinginhispatternofbehaviorthatwillremindyouofsomeaddictiveorcompulsorybehaviors.reminiscent(a.)Thereissomethinginhispatternofbehaviorthatisveryreminiscentofsomeaddictiveorcompulsivebehaviors.2)Icouldnotbearthinkingthatmymotherwouldnotbepresentatmyweddingceremony.unbearable(a.)Thethoughtofmymothernotbeingpresentatmyweddingceremonywasunbearable.3)Afterconsultingwiththedoctor,Ilearnedthatmyfathercoulddonothingbutreceivelungsurgery.option(n.)Afterconsultingwiththedoctor,Ilearnedthatlungsurgerywasmyfather’sonlyoption.4)Therewasnoreasonwhytheprincegaveuphisrighttosucceedtothethrone.beyond(prep.)Theprincegaveuphisrighttosucceedtothethronebeyondallreason.5)Iamthinkingaboutwhatthepoorfamilywillbelikeinthefuture.hold(v.)Iamthinkingaboutwhatthefuturewillholdforthepoorfamily.6)TheRussianForeignMinisterwenttotheairporttowelcomethevisitingChinesePremierand28otherpeoplewhocametogetherwiththePremier.entourage(n.)TheRussianForeignMinisterwenttotheairporttowelcomethevisitingChinesePremierandhis28-memberentourage.7)Thegoodnewsfilledallthestudentswithstronganticipations.brim(v.)Atthegoodnews,allthestudentsbrimmedwithstrongatricipations.8)DoeshemeanthatthosewithAIDSshouldbeforcedtoliveinaplacethatwillnotposeanythreattotheotherpeople?quarantine(v.)DoeshemeanthatthosewithAIDSshouldbequarantinefromtheotherpeople?4.翻譯題1)IhadalwaysdreamedofbeingproposedtoinaParisiancafé,underdazzlingstars,liketheoneinaVanGoghknockoffthathangsinmystudioapartment.Instead,myboyfriendaskedmetomarryhimwhileIwasWindexingthebathroommirror.我一直有這樣的夢想：星光燦爛的晚上，在一家巴黎咖啡館能有人向我求婚。那個咖啡館就像凡高所畫的“夜晚的咖啡館”，我的畫室墻上就掛著一幅此畫的翻印本。然而，我男朋友卻是在我用“穩(wěn)得新”擦洗衛(wèi)生間鏡子的時候叫我嫁給他2)ButthemoretimeandeffortIputin,themoretheuniversetriedtothwartme.TheGreekbandfromLosAngelesthatIwantedwasn’tavailable.ThestitchingIhadrequestedformycathedralveilwasallwrong.MyivorysilkgownwasbeingquarantinedsomewhereinSingapore.但是，我投入的時間和精力越多，萬事就越和我過不去。沒有請到我想要的洛杉磯希臘樂隊。我到教堂時所戴面紗的針線活也很糟，不是我原來所要求的。我訂的象牙色的絲綢禮服被隔離在新加坡的某個地方。3)IrealizedthataBigDaywithoutmymotherwouldbenodayatall.Nothavingmydad,whopassedawaythreeyearsbefore,towalkmedowntheaislewaspainful,butthethoughtofnothavingMomtherewasunbearable.我認(rèn)識到?jīng)]有媽媽的大喜日子不可思議。老爸已經(jīng)在三年前過世，不可能牽著我的手到教堂圣壇完婚，這已經(jīng)讓我覺得凄苦。但是一想到媽媽那天也不能在教堂就讓我覺得無法忍受。4)Ourbabysister,who’dbeenlookingafterMomsinceDad’sdeath,wasgrippedbyfearasthefamiliarsightsandsmellswereeerilyreminiscentofhisfinaldays.Afterconsultingwithdoctors,welearnedthatstomachsurgerywasMom’sonlyoption.Wetookthefirstopening.小妹自家父去世以來一直照顧著媽媽，這時恐懼占據(jù)了她的心，此情此景讓她不由得想起家父臨終的日子。咨詢醫(yī)生后，我們得知胃部手術(shù)是媽媽唯一的選擇。醫(yī)院一有床位我們就住進(jìn)去了。5)What’smore,caringformymommademerealizehowconsummatelyshehadcaredforallofus.I’llneverforgetwhenIwenttoseeherintheintensive-careunit,justafewhoursafterhersurgery.Shewasstrungoutwithamyriadofplastictubesprotrudingfromherarms,nose,andmouth.“Liz,makesureyoueatsomething,”shesaidinastrained,raspyvoice.此外，照顧母親也讓我認(rèn)識到她當(dāng)年照料我們是多么地盡心。我永遠(yuǎn)也不會忘記，她剛動完手術(shù)幾個小時后，我到特護(hù)病房去看她。她躺在那里，手臂、鼻孔和嘴巴里插了那么多的塑料導(dǎo)管，她卻吃力、沙啞地說道：“莉茲，你一定要吃點東西。6)I’veforgottenwhatkindofstitchingisinmyveil.ButwhenIremoveitfrommuface,I'llbestaringatthetwopeoplellovebeyondallreason:mysoon-to-behusbandandthewomanwhoshowedmewhat’sreallyimportant.我已經(jīng)忘記面紗上的刺繡。但在我掀開面紗的時候，我肯定會脈脈地注視著我所最愛的兩個人：我的未婚夫和讓我懂得人生要義的那個女人——我的母親。

Unit3Health1.問答題1)Theadsinfull-colormagazinesportrayedcigarettesashealthyorsexy.2)Thetobacoocompanieshadconcealedthetruthfromthepublicforhalfacentury.3)Whathadthedoctorthoughtaboutthecigarettesintheearly20thcentury?Manydoctorswereconcernedthatsmokingwasahealthrisk,althoughthescientificstudiesoftheeraoftenfailedtofindclearevidenceofseriouspathology.4)Whydidthetobaccocompaniesincreasethecontentofnicotineinthecigarettes?Theydidthistomakethecigarettesmoreaddictivetosmokers.Inthisway,theycouldspikeconsumersanditwouldbeharderforsmokerstoquitcigarettes.5)WhendidBigTobaccounderstandtheharmofcigarettes?Morethanhalfacenturyago.Accordingtothejury,BigTobaccohasengagedina40-yearconspiracyofhidingthehealthrisksofcigarettesfromthepublic.6)Whatistheroleof29historiansinthefederalcasein2004?TheywerehiredbyBigTobacco.Byaskingnarrowquestionsandrespondingtothemwithnarrowresearch,theyprovidedpreciselythecovertheBigTobacconeeded.7)Howdoyouunderstandthe“pitfallsincombiningscholarshipwithbattleagainstthedeadlypandemicofcigarettesmoking”?WhydidDr.Brandtsayhehadlittlealternative?Therearepossiblerisksanddangerswhenascientistgoesbeyondscientificresearchintothefightagainstsmoking,butDr.Brandt’sconsciencelefthimwithnootherchoice.2.詞匯題1)Giventhesophistication（成熟）ofmodernmachines,thereislittlethatrequiremanuallabor.2)Afterthepolicereleasedtheirreport,johnwasexonerated（開脫）fromallresponsibilityfortheaccident.3)Theworldconstructedbyonlinegamesseemstomanyyoungstersareasonablesurrogate（代理）for“reallife”,althoughwhattheyseeisnotrealintheleast.4)InaspeechattheCongress,thepresidentextolled（贊美）thevirtuesoffreeenterpriseandexpressedhisdistastefortheblatanthegemonyinITindustry.5)Hesoonbecamenotoriousbecauseheenjoyedderivingperverse（倒行逆施）satisfactionfromembarrassingpeople.6)Iendorse（贊同，支持，認(rèn)可簽署）everythingthathasbeensaidfrombothsidesoftheHouseinsupportandadmirationofhimandofthecourageandfortitudethatheandhisfamilyhavedisplayed.7)Theoppositionmembersoftheparliamentderided（嘲笑，嘲諷）theGovernment’sresponsetothecrisis.8)Thepoorwomanwasdefrauded（騙?。﹐fhermoneybyadishonestaccountant.9)Theotherguestswerestunnedintosilenceashebeganswingingintothegaggle(agaggleof一群)ofgigglingphotographersandkickingatthemfrantically.10)BacktotheUS,theslybusinessmanwasfacedwithracketeeringchargesthatmaysendhimtolifeimprisonment.3.改寫題1)AftercarefulanalysisthattookthebetterpartofJuly,theinvestigatorsannouncedthatthedrivershouldnotbeheldresponsibleforthetrafficaccident.exonerate(v.)AftercarefulanalysisthattookthebetterpartofJuly,theinvestigatorsexoneratedthedriverfromresponsibilityforthetrafficaccident.2)Thecoachshowsstrongaversiontotheoreticalteachingsbecauseheisconvincedthattheoreticallearningcannotreplaceactualswimming.surrogate(n.)Thecoachshowsstrongaversiontotheoreticalteachingsbecauseheisconvincedthattheoreticallearningisnosurrogateforactualswimming.3)Whentheideaoftheflyingmachinewasfirstproposed,peoplelaughedatitandthoughtitsilly.deride(v.)Whentheideaoftheflyingmachinewasfirstproposed,peoplederideditassilly.4)Theinventionofthesiliconchipwasaveryimportanteventinthehistoryofthecomputer.landmark(n.)Theinventionofthesiliconchipwasalandmarkeventinthehistoryofthecomputer.5)AlthoughafewdelegatesgivefullsupporttoeverythingtheChairpersonhassaid,mostholddifferentopinions.Endorse(v.)AlthoughafewdelegatesfullyendorseeverythingtheChairpersonhassaid,mostholddifferentopinions.6)Toincitefalsealarmandblindpatriotism,thegovernmentspreadfalseinformationabouttheriskofterroristattacksinothercitiesoftheUS.disinformation(n.)Toincitefalsealarmandblindpatriotism,thegovernmentspreaddisinformationabouttheriskofterroristattacksinothercitiesoftheUS.7)Inthetrialthatfollowed,Dr.Brandtasoneofthebest-reputedexpertsinmedicalresearchwasrequiredtogivehistestimony.sequential(a.)Inthesequentialtrial,Dr.Brandtasoneofthebest-reputedexpertsinmedicalresearchwasrequiredtogivehistestimony.8)Afterdisappearingfrompublicsightfor6months,hepleadedguiltyforgetting$400,000fromvariousclientsanddistributors.defraud(v.)Afterdisappearingfrompublicsightfor6months,hepleadedguiltyfordefrauding$400,000fromvariousanddistributors.4.翻譯題1)Insequentialtestimony,eachonestatedthathedidnotbelievetobaccowasahealthriskandthathiscompanyhadtakennostepstomanipulatethelevelsofnicotineinitscigarettes.在隨后的證詞中，每個人都陳述自己不相信煙草會給健康帶來風(fēng)險，而且自己的公司從未采取措施來操縱香煙中尼古丁的含量。2)Dr.Brandt…amplydemonstratesthatBigTobaccounderstoodmanyofthehealthrisksoftheirproductslongbeforethe1964surgeongeneral’sreport.布蘭特博士用充足的證據(jù)證明，早在1964年衛(wèi)生局局長的報告發(fā)表前，各大煙草巨頭就已了解了自家產(chǎn)品對健康造成的諸多風(fēng)險。3)Earlyinthe20thcentury,oppositiontocigarettestookamoralratherthanahealth-conscioustone,especiallyforwomenwhowantedtosmoke,althougheventhenmanydoctorswereconcernedthatsmokingwasahealthrisk.在20世紀(jì)初期，對香煙的抵制帶著道德的口吻，而不是出于對健康的關(guān)注，對想抽煙的女性更是如此，不過即使在當(dāng)時，許多醫(yī)生已經(jīng)關(guān)注到吸煙會給健康造成風(fēng)險4)Andtheirmarketingmemorandumsdocumentadvertisingcampaignsaimedatyoungsterstohookwholenewgenerationsofsmokers.在他們的營銷備忘錄中，記錄了他們針對青少年發(fā)動的廣告運(yùn)動，旨在誘惑一代代的新煙民。5)Instead,theseexpertsfocusedprimarilyonasmallgroupofskepticsofthedangersofcigarettesduringthe1950s,manyofwhomhadorwouldeventuallyhavetiestothetobaccoindustry.相反，這些專家主要關(guān)注的是20世紀(jì)50年代的一小撮對香煙危害的懷疑論者，他們中的大部分人要么就是當(dāng)時就與煙草業(yè)有勾結(jié)，要么最終也會同煙草業(yè)勾結(jié)起來。6)LastAugust,sheconcludedthatthetobaccoindustryhadengagedina40-yearsconspiracytodefraudsmokersabouttobacco’shealthdangers.去年八月，她總結(jié)認(rèn)為，煙草業(yè)策劃了一場長達(dá)40年的陰謀，向煙民隱瞞煙草對健康的危害。

Unit4Technology1.問答題1)Whydopeoplefromallwalksoflifeflocktoe-mailastheywouldtoanynewmediumofexpression?Whatdotheydoviae-mail?Theyflocktoe-mailbecauseitisconvenient,savestime,bringspeopleclosertooneanother,helpsthemmanagetheirever-morecomplexlives.Theywritebooks,conductcampaigns,commitcrimesandalmostdoeverythingviae-mail.2)Inwhatsenseise-mailboththecatalystandtheinstrumentofthechangeofthewaypeopleinteractwitheachother?E-mailcapturestheessenceoflifeatthecloseofthe20thcenturywithanauthoritythatfewotherproductsofdigitaltechnologycanclaim.Thepaceoflifeseemseverfasterthanbefore.E-mailsimultaneouslyallowstocopewiththeaccelerationandcontributestoit.E-mail,inthissense,isboththecatalystandtheinstrumentofthechange.3)WhatdidresearchscientistsoriginallysetouttodowiththeInternetwhentheybegantocookitupbackin1968?Whenresearchscientistsfirstbegancookingitupin1968,theirprimarygoalwastoenabledisparatecomputingcenterstoshareresources.4)Howdide-mailhelpthewritercopewiththepressuresofnew-fatherhoodandfull-timefreelancewritingwhenhisfirstchildwasborn?Whenthewriter’sfirstchildwasborn,e-mailseemedtohimaperfectgiftdesignedtohelphimcopewiththeirreconcilablepressuresofnew-fatherhoodandfulltimefreelancewriting.Itsavedhimtimeandmoneywithouteverrequiringhimtoleavethehouse.Itsalvagedhissociallife,allowedhimtoconductinterviewsasareporterandkeptalifelineopentohisfar-flungextendedfamily.5)Why,accordingtoJennShreve,cane-mailhelptoinitiateromance,especiallyforthosewhowereshyorhadpainfulromanticfailuresinthepast?AccordingtoJennShreve,thisisbecausee-mailoffersasemi-risk-freeenvironmenttoinitiateromance.E-maillackstheimmediatethreatofphysicalrejection,sothosewhoareshyorhadpainfulromanticfailuresinthepastcanuseitasawaytobuildarelationshipintheearlyromanticstages.6)E-mailhelpsflattenhierarchyintheworkplace.How?Itisfareasiertomakeasuggestiontoone’ssuperiorsandcolleaguesviae-mailthanitistodosoinapressure-filledmeetingroom.Also,anythingwhenonehassomethingthatisdifficulttosay,e-mailcanmakeiteasier.Itservesasabufferzone.7)Thewritercapturestheluxuriesofe-mail,andmeanwhileheadequatelytouchesonthedarkside.Giveexamples.Purveyorsofpornographymightjamoure-mailboxesfullofoutrageouslyprurientadvertisementviae-mail.Besides,e-mailisactuallytooeasy,toocasual,aperfecttoolforacultureofhyperstimulation.8)Howcane-mailenableradicallynewformsofworldwidehumancollaboration,despitethedarksidethewriterhasmentioned?Worldwide,225millionpeoplewhocansendandreceivee-mailrepresentanetworkofpotentiallycooperatingindividualswhichdwarfsanythingthateventhemightiestcorporationorgovernmentcanmuster.Peoplecangathertogethertoworkonamultitudeofprojects,topooltheircollectiveeffortsinafashionneverbeforepossible.2.詞匯題1)Itiscertainlyundemocratic,andmanypeoplearebeginningtofeelthatitborderon（相當(dāng)于）theunconstitutional.2)Traditionally,organizationsareconstructedpyramidally,withahierarchy（階級資料）mostpowerfulatthetopandprogressivelylesssoasthepyramidspreadsdownwards3)“Notheoryexplainseverything,”sheremarks.“Yetitisjustthedesiretoexplaineverythingwhichisthespur（階級資料）oftheory.”4)Thearchaeologistinthefilmknewthattherewasacurse（禍因，詛咒）uponanyonewhoenteredthepyramid.5)Ihavealwaysbelievedtourismhasanimportantparttoplayinthespreadingofunderstandingbetweencountries,aswellasbeingacatalyst（促進(jìn)）foreconomicdevelopment.6)Herbodylookeddiminished,almostshriveled（枯萎）,inthehugechair,andherhandsonthearmsbeganverygentlytoshake.7)Thetalkswillnotbeeasyandthefundamentaldifferencesbetweenthepartiesremainaspotentiallyirreconcilable（不可調(diào)和的）asever.8)AreallovesongisinfinitelymoreappropriateforChristmasthanatrashysongcookedup（編造）asacommercialgimmick.9)Alocalbuilderofferedtoknockdowntheremainsofthehouseinexchangeforthematerialshecouldsalvage（搶救）.10)Edwardnowworethemaniclookofsomeanimaltransferredintothewrongenvironment,asthoughhemightrunamok（四處狂奔）,orbite.11)Alanattemptedtoreadeverypressclipping,interviewanyonewhoeverknewthemoviestar,andcobbletogether（拼湊）abookoutofit.12)Somesociologiststendtobemoan（哀悼）thelossofcommunityinthefaceofmodernurbanism;thereisawistfullongingforthepastintheiranalysisofthemodernworld.3.改寫題1)Iwascondemnedtospendhalfmyworkdayjustdeletingjunk.doom(v.)Iwasdoomedtospendhalfmyworkdayjustdeletingjunk.2)Mye-mailaccountmattersmorethanmyeye.wouldratherdosth.thandosth.I’dratherloseaneyethanlosemye-mailaccount.3)E-mailallowsustocopewiththeacceleration.Meanwhile,itcontributestoit.simultaneously(adv.)E-mailsimultaneouslyallowsustocopewiththeaccelerationandcontributestoit.4)EventhoughAllmanisnowquiteproudthathissoftwarehelpshundredsofmillionsofpeoplecommunicate,hesayshedidn’tsetoutoriginallytochangetheworld.initially(adv.)EventhoughAllmanisnowquiteproudthathissoftwarehelpshundredsofmillionsofpeoplecommunicate,hesayshedidn’tsetoutinitiallytochangetheworld.5)IfitistruethathoursspentontheNetareoftenhourssubtractedfromwatchingtelevision,onecouldarguethatthedigitalerahasusheredinanewageofliteracy—morepeoplearewritingmorewordsthaneverbefore!raisethecurtainIfitistruethathoursspentontheNetareoftenhourssubtractedfromwatchingtelevision,onecouldarguethatthedigitalerahasraisedthecurtainonanewageofliteracy—morepeoplearewritingmorewordsthaneverbefore!6)Perhapseachindividualcontributionissmall,butthescaleoftheInternetmagnifiesalleffortsdramatically.multiply(v.)Perhapseachindividualcontributionissmall,butthescaleoftheInternetmultipliesalleffortsdramatically.4.翻譯題1)E-mail.Can’tlivewithit,can’tlivewithoutit.電子郵件，我們不能靠它生活，但離了它也不行。2)Butitdidn’ttakeverylongbeforetheydiscoveredthatthemostimportantthingwastheabilitytosendmailaround,whichtheyhadnotanticipatedatall.然而，不久他們便發(fā)現(xiàn)（英特網(wǎng)）最重要的作用是散發(fā)郵件，這一點他們原先根本沒有料想到。3)Indeed,IfinallyknewforsurethatthedigitalworldwasviscerallypotentwhenIfoundmyselfinthemiddleofabitterfightwithmymother--one-mail.事實上，當(dāng)我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己通過電子郵件與母親唇槍舌劍的時候，我終于明白數(shù)字世界本質(zhì)上威力何其之大。4)Shegrasped,longbeforetheInternetbecameahouseholdword,howonlinecommunicationofferednewpossibilitiesfortranscendingphysicallimitations,howassimpleathingase-mailcouldbringusclosertothosewhomwelove在英特網(wǎng)家喻戶曉之前很久，她便領(lǐng)悟到在線交流如何能提供新的可能，使人們超越身體的局限，電子郵件這樣簡單的東西如何能把我們與我們所愛的人拉得更近。5)Withincreasingfrequency,thiscollaborationisoccurringacrosscompanylines,andoftenwithouteventhespurofcommercialincentives.隨著合作日趨頻繁，合作本身已超越公司的界線，而且常常不受商業(yè)利誘的驅(qū)使。

Unit5SuccessandHappiness1.問答題1)WhydoestheauthorsaythatAristotlegotitright?Andwhatdoesitherereferto?TheauthormeansthatAristotlegotitrightinstatingthegoaloflifeishappiness.Itreferstohisopinionthateudaimonia,orhappiness,isthegoaloflife.2)Whatproblemsdoestheauthormentionthatseemtomakeusunhappy?Thoseproblemssuchasafeelingofemptinessandnotbelonging,alackofdefinedrelationshipsandsolidsocialstructures,etc.seemtomakeusunhappybutwecannotstatethemclearly.3)Accordingtotheauthor,whatiseverybody’sconceptofhappiness?Whydoestheauthorsaythat“norcouldwebesurprisedbythepoliticsofhappiness”?Peopleusuallysummarizetheirhappinessintermsoftheirworklife,theircommunitylifeandfamilylife.Becausepeopleseemtohaveagreedupontheopinionsonwhatmakesushappy.4)Accordingtotheauthor,whyisthepoliticsofhappinessanotoriouslydifficultsubjectforpoliticianstograsp?Therearetworeasons:Oneisthatpoliticiansareofteninterestedinthosemeasurablestatisticssuchasinputsandoutputs,targetsandcontrols,andtendtoignorethoseimmeasurableconceptssuchashappinessandwell-being,whicharegenerallynotwellservedbystatisticalanalysis.Theotherisrelatedtotheirelectoralcycleswhichputtheminacultureofshort-termism,withaneedforimmediate,quantifiablemeasurementsandresults.5)Whatshouldthegovernmentdoinbringingpeoplehappiness?Explainindetails.Thegovernmentshouldshowleadershipandsettheframework.Showingleadershipmeansleadingt