初一英語名詞講解及練習

名詞名詞分類：名詞分為普通名詞和專有名詞普通名詞：表示同一類的人或物的名稱，又可分為個體名詞，如boy,house,insect,tiger等；物質(zhì)名詞，如air,snow,bread,rice等；抽象名詞，如glory,honesty,failure,education等。專有名詞：表示個人、國家、地方、機構、組織等的專有名稱，如ChengDu,China,Obama,ChinaCentralTelevision等。名詞的兩大考點：數(shù)與格二、名詞的數(shù)1.普通名詞：可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞(1)可數(shù)名詞：包括個體名詞和集體名詞△個體名詞:表示個體的人或事物名稱的詞。如：teacher,student,boy,book,bag每個可數(shù)名詞都有其單數(shù)和復數(shù)形式。

A.單數(shù)表示“一個”的概念。用名詞的單數(shù)時，名詞前需加a或an。

如abook（一本書）、anapple（一個蘋果）、anorange（一個橘子）等。

B.復數(shù)表示兩個或兩個以上的物體。如twopencils（兩枝鉛筆）、threeweeks（三周）等。集合名詞：表示一群人或一些事物名稱的詞。如：people,family,class,furniture

復數(shù)形式的構成有兩種：規(guī)則名詞復數(shù)形式的構成和不規(guī)則名詞復數(shù)形式的構成。規(guī)則名詞復數(shù)形式的構成詞形復數(shù)形式的構成方法例詞大多數(shù)名詞在詞尾加-s。（在清輔音后讀[s]，在濁輔音及元音后讀[z]。）cat——cats

book---booksdog----dogs

bag——bags

boy---boys以s、x、ch、sh結尾的名詞在詞尾加-es,讀作[iz]。glass——glasses

match——matches以輔音字母+y結尾的名詞把y變成i,加-es,讀作[iz]city——cities但專有名詞例外，直接在y后加-s,讀作[z]Canadian——CanadiansAmerican——Americans以輔音字母+o結尾的名詞一般直接加-es,讀作[z];tomato——tomatoes

potato——potatoes某些詞例外,加-skilo--kilos,piano—pianos,photo——photos以元音字母+o結尾的名詞直接加-s,但讀作[z]zoo——zoos

radio——radios以f或fe結尾的名詞有的直接加-s,讀作[z]roof——roofs大多數(shù)要將f或fe變?yōu)関,再加-es,讀作[z]leaf——leaves

wife——wives

knife—knivesyourself---yourselves不規(guī)則名詞復數(shù)形式的構成復數(shù)形式的構成特點例詞通過改變詞內(nèi)元音字母man——menfoot——feet

tooth——teethmouse——mice（老鼠）通過在詞尾加-en或-renox——oxen（牛）child——children單復數(shù)形式相同asheep——twosheep

adeer——twodeer（鹿）

aChinese——twoChinese（中國人）注意事項:

只能用于復數(shù)形式的名詞有:clothes,trousers,pants,shoes,socks

單數(shù)名詞用于復數(shù)含義:people,public,police特殊名詞的講解：⑴people作“人們，人民”解時，只有復數(shù)形式，謂語動詞作復數(shù)。二.名詞的所有格所有格的構成：1.有生命的名詞2.無生命的名詞★有生命的名詞

（1）一般單數(shù)名詞后加's.

如：mybrother'sbook，Jack'scat，thegirl'spen

（2）以-s結尾的復數(shù)名詞的所有格，只需在名詞右上方加‘。

如：thegirls’dormitory，ateachers'college

注意：在不規(guī)則復數(shù)名詞后，要加's.如：women'sclothes.（3）如果一樣東西為兩個人共有，在后一個名詞詞尾加's，

如：TomandPeter'sroom湯姆和彼得的房間（共有）

（4）如果一樣東西不是共有的，兩個名詞都要加's.

如：Tom'sandPeter'srooms湯姆的房間和彼得的房間（不共有）★無生命名詞:無生命的名詞的所有格，通常用“of+名詞”的結構來表示。如：thewindowsoftheroom（房間的窗戶）apictureofthehorse（一張馬的照片）名詞習題一．寫出下列名詞的復數(shù)形式：1.house_________2.it___________3.zoo__________4.orange_________5.bag___________6.exercise___________7.brush__________8.family___________9.bus___________10.city__________11.box___________12.baby__________13.class__________14.factory_________15.glass__________16.dictionary__________17.watch_________18.woman_________19.match__________20.man_________21.this__________22.German__________23.tomato_________24.policeman___________25.kilo__________26.human_________27.potato___________28.Chinese__________29.shelf__________30.Japanese__________31.leaf___________32.American__________33.life___________34.tooth__________35.wife___________36.foot___________37.knife__________38.sheep__________39.half___________40.child__________41.tooth__________42.mouth__________二．選擇填空：1.Iwanttobuy________.A.twobottlesofinkB.twobottleofinkC.twobottleofinksD.twobottlesofinks2.Theydon’thavetodo_______today.A.muchhomeworkB.manyhomeworksC.manyhomeworkD.muchhomeworks3.Therearethree______andseven______inthepicture.A.cows,sheepsB.cows,sheepC.cow,sheepD.cow,sheeps4.June1is_______.A.children’sdayB.children’sDayC.Children’sDayD.Children’sday5.______roomisnexttotheirparents’.A.Kate’sandJoan’sB.Kate’sandJoanC.KateandJoan’sD.KateandJoan6.MissGreenisafriendof_______.A.Mary’smother’sB.Mary’smotherC.Marymother’sD.mother’sofMary7.Sheep_______whiteandmilk_______alsowhite.A.is,areB.are,isC.is,isD.are,are8.I’dliketohaveaglassofmilkand_______.A.twobreadsB.twopiecesofbreadsC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopieceofbread9.Many______aresingingoverthere.A.womanB.womenC.girlD.child10.Hebought_______.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoesC.twopairsofshoeD.twopairofshoe11.Mr.Whitehasthree_______.A.childB.childrenC.childsD.childrens12.---Arethese______?---No,theyaren’t.They’re_______.A.sheep,cowsB.sheep,cowC.sheeps,cowD.sheeps,cows13.Therearemany______inthefridge.A.fishB.fruitC.eggsD.bread14.---Whoseroomisthis?---It’s_______.A.LiMingB.LiMing’sC.LiMingsD.LiMings’15.Hereare______foryou,Sue. A.potatosB.somepotatoesC.threetomatosD.sometomato16.Herearesomebirthdaycardswithourbest______forher.A.wishB.hopeC.wishesD.hopes17.Ialwaysgotothat______tobuyfoodonSunday.A.shopB.parkC.zooD.garden18.______roomisonthe5thfloor.A.LucyandLilyB.LucyandLily’sC.Lucy’sandLilyD.Lucy’sandLily’s19.Mum,I’mquitethirsty.Pleasegiveme________.A.twoorangeB.twobottleoforangesC.twobottlesoforangeD.twobottlesoforanges20.10.Thecatcaughttwo______lastnight.A.mousesB.miceC.mouseD.mices21.Imetsome______intheparkandtalkedwiththemtheotherday.A.JanpanesesB.AmericanC.ChinesesD.English22.Therearetwo______intheroom.A.shelfB.shelfsC.shelfesD.shelves23.Thereareseven______inaweek.A.yearsB.monthsC.daysD.minutes24.Myfatherisa______.Heworksinahospital.A.teacherB.doctorC.farmerD.writer25.---Excuseme,areyou______?---Yes,I’mfrom________.A.Japan,JapaneseB.China,ChineseC.England,EnglishD.American,America26.Theyare______jackets.A.Lucy’sB.Lucy’27.Whatcoloris______coat.A.Peter’sB.Peter’28.Theseare______books.A.teachers’sB.teachers’29.Theyare______icecreamsA.children’B.children’s30.Thisis______bag.A.TomandPeter’B.Tom’sandPeter’s31.Whereare______.A.theschool’sstudentsB.studentsoftheschool32.Thoseare______bags.A.drivers’sB.drivers’33.Thisbagis______.A.Mary’sandTom’sB.MaryandTom’s34.______fathersarecoming.A.Mary’sandKate’sB.Mary’sandKateC.MaryandKate’s35.How____arethesebooks?A.manyB.much36.Thispairofpants______blue.Ilike_____verymuch.A.is,itB.are,themC.is,themD.are,it37.How______glassesofwaterdoyouwant?A.manyB.much38.Thisis________.A.MikeandJim'sbikeB.Mike'sandJimbikeC.Mike'sandJim'sbikeD.MikeandJimbike39.Theseare______.A.AmyandLingling’sroomB.Amy’sandLingling’sroomC.Amy’sandLingling’sroomsD.AmyandLingling’sroom40.My________bigandmy__________happy.A.familyisfamilyareB.familyisfamiliesare三．根據(jù)句意用所給詞的適當形式填空1.Ihavealotof______todo.(homework)

2.Thereareseven______inaweek.(day)

3.Howmany_____canyousee?(tomato)

4.MissGuoiswearingapairof_______.(glass)

5.Therearefive_________inthepicture.(child)

6.Therearetwo________overthere．（bench）

7.Iliketaking________．（photo）

8.lcanseetwo__________standingthere．（woman）

9.Therearetwobasketsof__________onthefloor．（apple）

10.Therearethree__________．（knife）11.Howmany________(sheep)arethereonthehill?12.Thereissome________(food)inthebasket.13.Thebabyhasonlytwo________(tooth)now.14.Thereisalotof________(water)inthebottle.15.Therearefive________(people)inhisfamily.16.Let'stake________(photo),OK?17.The________(leaf)onthetreeturn-yellow.18.The________(child)areplayinggamesontheplaygroundnow.19.Their________(dictionary)areverynew.20.Iseeyouhaveafewwhite________(hair).21.Theyare________(woman)doctors.22.Canyougivemesomebottlesof____(orange),please?23.Therearemany________(fox)inthepicture.24.Iwouldlikesomeapple________(juice).Iamverythirsty.四．將下列句子變成復數(shù)形式1．Thisisaknife.____________________________

2．Thatisatomato.____________________________

3．Shehasawish.____________________________

4．Thatchildisverylovely.________________