工業(yè)過程與過程控制研究報(bào)告

工業(yè)過程與過程控制實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告學(xué)號(hào)：1013401XXX姓名： XXX學(xué)院：XXXX學(xué)院專蘇州大學(xué)機(jī)電工程學(xué)院二零一三年五月實(shí)驗(yàn)一鍋爐液位控制系統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康牧私忮仩t液位控制系統(tǒng)的組成。建立液位控制數(shù)學(xué)模型（階躍響應(yīng)曲線。計(jì)算系統(tǒng)各參數(shù)下的性能指標(biāo)。分析PID參數(shù)對(duì)控制系統(tǒng)性能指標(biāo)的影響。二、實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟出水流量控制系統(tǒng)置于“手操OUTL=60。令δ=20、T=8s、T=10(s，設(shè)置到液位控制器中。i d液位控制系統(tǒng)置于“自動(dòng)SV=200m穩(wěn)定下來。100mm，即設(shè)定SV=300mm,同步記錄液位的PV值（3020分鐘）改變比例帶：令=10T=8T=10(s，設(shè)置到控制器中，i d重復(fù)步驟3和步驟4。改變積分時(shí)間：令=20T=4sT=10(s，設(shè)置到控制器i d中，重復(fù)步驟3和步驟4。改變微分時(shí)間：令=20T=8sT=20(s，設(shè)置到控制器i d34三、數(shù)據(jù)記錄與處理鍋爐液位控制系統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)記錄表時(shí)間：(min)液位：(mm)液位：(mm)液位：(mm)液位：(mm)0.02002002002000.5203.5206.4206.5205.01.0209.9215.9216.9212.01.5216.5225.9228.8219.52.0224.4236.5241.4228.22.5232.9248.2256.1236.03.0241.8259.6270.4245.83.5250.9271.4285.7254.84.0260.6283.2299.1264.44.5269.8293.6308.7273.95.0279.2301.3310.0283.35.5289.0304.1308.5292.46.0297.1304.5305.3299.66.5302.8303.3301.8304.77.0306.2302.2298.9306.07.5306.7301.7297.1306.58.0306.0300.7297.1305.98.5305.1300.0297.2304.89.0303.8299.9298.7303.69.5302.5299.6300.0301.710.0301.4299.7300.3300.810.5300.9299.6300.9300.211.0300.2299.9301.4299.711.5299.7300.1301.0299.012.0299.2300.0300.7298.912.5299.3300.1300.0298.713.0299.5299.4298.913.5299.4299.3299.014.0299.5299.6299.314.5299.6299.9299.515.0300.1300.2299.815.5300.2300.116.0300.2300.316.5299.7300.417.0300.1300.217.5299.9300.318.0300.1300.318.5300.119.0300.119.5300.020.0300.11衰減比y1ysyy 1衰減率

1y s1sy超調(diào)量

1 100%y()s調(diào)節(jié)時(shí)間t時(shí)間s

5%范圍內(nèi)時(shí)所需的指標(biāo)指標(biāo)參數(shù)δ=20%、δ=10%、δ=20%、δ=20%、T=80（s）iT=80（s）iT=40（s）iT=80（s）iT=10(s)dT=10(s)dT=10(s)dT=20(s)d衰減率Ψ0.9840.9770.9700.953衰減比η66:144:133:121.3:1超調(diào)量6.64.59.96.3調(diào)節(jié)時(shí)間5.54.53.55.5t(min)s分析比例帶、積分時(shí)間、微分時(shí)間對(duì)系統(tǒng)性能的影響。比例帶：當(dāng)δ減小時(shí)，引起ω變大；ζ減小Ψ減小，穩(wěn)定性變差。積分時(shí)間：當(dāng)Ti減小時(shí)，引起ω變大；ζ減小Ψ微分時(shí)間；引入Td，可提高快速性，提高系統(tǒng)的工作頻率；Td太大或太小，都會(huì)破壞系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性。實(shí)驗(yàn)二鍋爐溫度控制系統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康牧私忮仩t溫度控制系統(tǒng)的組成數(shù)學(xué)模型（一階加滯后）的特征參數(shù)掌握整定PID參數(shù)的計(jì)算過程計(jì)算溫度控制系統(tǒng)閉環(huán)狀態(tài)下的性能指標(biāo)總結(jié)對(duì)過程控制系統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)的心得體會(huì)二、實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟SV=300mm出水流量控制系統(tǒng)置于“手操PV=40L/hOUTL=10%~15%等待液位、出水流量和溫度的PV值穩(wěn)定下來15%~25%,同步記錄溫度的PV值（145分鐘）4.1

上，計(jì)算被控對(duì)象的參數(shù)Kτ83頁的表δ（另一教材第168頁的表3-6）計(jì)算PID參數(shù)、T、Tδi dSV=3℃~4，δ把第六步得到的、T、T設(shè)置到控制器中，等待穩(wěn)定下來δi d將溫度控制器的“自動(dòng)”輸出階躍變化5℃~10℃，即設(shè)定SV=35℃~50℃，同步記錄溫度的PV值（間隔30秒記錄一次，約20分鐘）η、超調(diào)量σ、調(diào)節(jié)時(shí)間ts三、數(shù)據(jù)記錄與處理溫度開環(huán)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)記錄表時(shí)間：(min)溫度：(℃)時(shí)間：(min)溫度：(℃)021.22430.0122.72530.2223.22630.2324.12730.7424.92830.5525.52930.5626.13030.7726.93130.7826.83230.9927.33330.91027.73431.41127.83531.21228.53631.51328.43731.61428.93831.41529.13931.81629.44031.91729.34131.71829.44231.91929.54331.92029.84431.82129.7452229.8462330.147溫度閉環(huán)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)記錄表時(shí)間：(min)溫度：(℃)時(shí)間：(min)溫度：(℃)0.032.012.042.40.532.712.542.51.033.313.042.01.534.113.542.32.034.214.041.82.535.214.542.43.035.715.042.03.536.115.542.34.036.416.042.04.537.216.55.037.817.05.538.417.56.039.018.06.539.318.57.040.219.07.540.619.58.041.520.08.541.620.59.041.721.09.542.221.510.042.322.010.542.322.511.042.523.011.542.623.531.9℃-21.2℃=10.7℃10.7×0.39+21.2=25.4℃10.7×0.63+21.2=27.9℃t=320s12t=687s不合適2取t=571s取20 2 T=2（t-t）=2×﹙571-320）0 2 τ =2t-tτ 1 21 xmaxxmin

10.715

10.7150.713 69

0.13745T 5021

TTi=2τ=2×69=138sdT=0.5τ=0.5×69=34.5