國家開放大學(xué)電大《人文英語4》形成性考核3解析

第三單元一、選擇填空，從A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。（每題10分）題目1-Goodmorning,sir.MayIhelpyou?-__________.正確答案是：Yes,Ineedsomesalt.題目2-Canyougooutwithusfordinnerthisevening?-__________.選擇一項(xiàng)：正確答案是：Thanksalot,butI'mbusytonight.題目3Idon'tknowthepark,butit's_________tobequitebeautiful.譯文：我不了解這公園，但據(jù)說很美。正確答案是：said題目4AlthoughhedidnotknowLondonwell,hemadehisway_____totheairport.譯文：雖然他不怎么熟悉倫敦，但她很方便就到了機(jī)場。正確答案是：easilyenough題目5Twothousanddollars____enoughforthecar.譯文：兩千美圓對(duì)這輛車來說足夠了。正確答案是：is題目1-Thesearecertainlybeautifulflowers.Thankyouverymuch.-_________.正確答案是：It'smypleasure.1

題目2-Excuseme,whereisDrSmith'soffice?-________.正確答案是：Sorry,Idon'tknow.Butyoucanaskthemanoverthere.題目3MikeisbetterthanPeter________swimming.譯文：Mike比Peter更擅長游泳正確答案是：at題目4Isthelibrary________now?No,it's______.譯文：圖書館現(xiàn)在開了嗎？沒有，關(guān)著。正確答案是：open;closed題目5Theyhavelearnedabout_____inrecentyears.譯文：最近幾年他們學(xué)了成千=百上千的英語單詞。正確答案是：hundredsofEnglishwords題目1–Ididn'tknowmyidentitycardwasneeded,sir.–________________________________正確答案是：Sorry,butthat'snoexcuse.題目2-Excuseme,whereisDrSmith'soffice?-________.正確答案是：Sorry,Idon'tknow.Butyoucanaskthemanoverthere.題目3Thebabyishungry,butthere's________milkinthebottle.譯文：這嬰兒餓了，但瓶子里沒有牛奶了。正確答案是：little2

題目4Nancyis________girl.譯文：Nancy是一名18歲的女孩。正確答案是：aneighteen-year-old題目5AlthoughhedidnotknowLondonwell,hemadehisway_____totheairport.譯文：雖然他不怎么熟悉倫敦，但她很方便就到了機(jī)場。正確答案是：easilyenough題目3Doyouknowtheman_______undertheappletree?譯文：你認(rèn)識(shí)躺在蘋果樹下的男人嗎？正確答案是：lying題目3Harry,whohadfailedinthefinalexam,hadagreatworry________hismind.譯文：Harry期末考試中失利了，他很擔(dān)心正確答案是：on二、閱讀理解：選擇題（每題10分）LiuHuiinterviewsDr.Smithabouttheissueofeducationalinequality.LiuHui:Thankyou,Dr.Smith,foragreeingtobeinterviewedbyourCampusNewsWeekly.First,whatdoyoumeanbyeducationalinequality?3

Dr.Smith:Educationalinequalityisthedisparitythatcertainstudentsexperienceintheireducationascomparedtootherstudents.Butthemeaningofitvariesindifferentsocialcontexts.LiuHui:Whydoesitexistinmodernsociety?Dr.Smith:Well,researcherslinkeducationalinequalitytosocioeconomic,racialandgeographicreasons.LiuHui:Soitisverylikelythateducationalinequalityexistsindifferentformsindifferentcountries.Dr.Smith:Yeah,youareright.Forexample,intheUnitedStates,althoughskincolorislinkedtootherformsofinequality,itisevidentineducation.LiuHui:EducationalinequalityexistsinChina,too.Forexample,thecollegeentrancerateismuchhigherinBeijingthaninotherprovinces.Howdoyouthinkcanwesomedayeradicatetheinequality?Dr.Smith:It'simpossibletoanswersuchabigquestioninfewwords.Educationalinequalityhasbecomeoneofthemostimportantpoliticalandsocialissuesineverynationnowadays.Therehavebeennumerousattemptsatreformsand.....1.Well,researcherslinkeducationalinequalityto回答A.socioeconomic,racialandeducationalreasonsB.racial,economicandgeographicreasonsC.racial,socioeconomicandgeographicreasons2.Accordingtothepassage,回答A.intheUnitedStates,skincolorislinkedtootherformsofinequality,butnotineducationB.intheUnitedStates,skincolorisonlylinkedtotheformofinequalityineducationC.intheUnitedStates,skincolorislinkedtotheinequalityineducation3.Educationalinequalityexistsin回答A.ChinaonlyB.manycountriesC.allthecountries4

4.Whatdoestheword“eradicate”meaninthepassage?回答A.getridofB.copewithC.carryout5.What'stheattitudeofDr.Smithtothefutureofeducationequality?回答A.reservedB.positiveC.negative反饋答案：1.C2.C3.C4.A5.B解析：1.從Well,researcherslinkeducationalinequalitytosocioeconomic,racialandgeographicreasons.這句話可以看出，選項(xiàng)C是完全正確的。2.Forexample,intheUnitedStates,althoughskincolorislinkedtootherformsofinequality,itisevidentineducation.這句話中，evident意思是“明顯的”，所以我們可以分析出在美國膚色和教育的不平等有關(guān)系，而且此句還表示膚色與其他方面的不平等有關(guān)聯(lián)，所以選C選項(xiàng)。3.根據(jù)Dr.Smith最后一段話里的Educationalinequalityhasbecomeoneofthemostimportantpoliticalandsocialissuesineverynationnowadays.這一句，可以判斷教育的不公平存在于每一個(gè)國家，所以正確選項(xiàng)是C。4.從Dr.Smith的回答中，我們可以了解到“每個(gè)國家都存在著教育不公平現(xiàn)象，而且解決這個(gè)問題是很難的”。從這個(gè)回答，我們可以根據(jù)上下文猜出eradicate的意思。getridof意思是“消除”，copewith是“處理，應(yīng)付”，carryout意思是“實(shí)施”，setup是“建立”，所以選A。5.最后一段的主要意思是“雖然每個(gè)國家都存在教育不公平現(xiàn)象，但是大家都在試圖改革”，Dr.Smith對(duì)未來的教育公平還是持有積極的態(tài)度的。reserved意思是“保留的”，positive意思是“積極的”，negative意思的“消極的”，interested意思是“感興趣的”，所以應(yīng)該選B。二、閱讀理解：選擇題（每題10分）5

排序題A.FormanystudentsB.amajorbarrierC.equalityinaccesstoeducationD.differentpeopleE.non-traditionalstudentsTheNationalUnionofStudents(NUS)welcomesthenewsthatgreaternumbersofblackanddisabledstudentsarestudyingatUKuniversities,butthereisstillalotofworktobedoneonwideningaccess,writestheunion'spresident,GemmaTumelty.ArecentDepartmentofCommunitiesandLocalGovernment(DCLG)equalitiesreviewshowedthatsignificantnumbersofpotentialstudentsfelttheirdisabilitywas回答toaccessinghighereducation(HE).Thisissimplyunacceptable.Equalityanddiversityisnotentirelya“numbersgame”andbeforetoomuchpraiseisgivenweneedtohearmorefrom回答,notjustabouttheirexperienceofaccessinghighereducationbutalsogoingthroughthesystem.Equalityinsocietyisabsolutely,andfundamentally,linkedto回答回答,universityistheplacewheretheywillbefirstexposedtodifferentculturesand回答.Aswellasfightingforbetteraccess,theNUSwantstoseediversityproperlyvaluedandpromotedwithinthestudentexperience.Manypaylipservicetothevalueofdiversity,butisthisrecognizedandpromotedasacoreassettothosewhogothroughtheHEsystem?Equalityinsocietycanbepromotedbyequalityanddiversityatuniversity.Butthebenefitsofuniversityasapositive,diverseenvironmentmustbeseenbystudentsasadding“value”asmuchasany6

otherfactorsbeforethenumbersgameisreallywonbythechampionsofdiversity.反饋答案：1.B2.E3.C4.A5.D解析：1.從第二段significantnumbersofpotentialstudentsfelttheirdisabilitywas這句話，我們可以看出這些潛在的學(xué)生對(duì)他們的些擔(dān)憂，所以可以猜到他們認(rèn)為能力缺乏阻礙了他們，barrier的意思是“障礙”，因此選擇B。disability有2.這里表示要聽取某人的意見，可以從五個(gè)選項(xiàng)中找到表示某人的詞語non-traditionalstudents，所以選擇E。3.equalityinsociety做主語，而且后面提到它和某事物相聯(lián)系，所以可以猜測到equalityinaccesstoeducation與它有4.空格為因此必然要用首字母大寫。因此選擇A項(xiàng)。5.此句中的and表示并列，differentcultures，后面應(yīng)該選擇關(guān)聯(lián)，因此選C。一個(gè)句子的開頭，前面用到differentpeople，從意思和用詞上都一致，因此選擇D。二、閱讀理解：選擇題（每題10分）選擇題Itcanbereallyfrustrating(使人沮喪的)foranoverweightpersontogotoagymandworkoutwithapositiveattitude.Allonehastodoiswalkbyalmostanynicegymandnoticeallthehealthy,sweating,“skinny”members.Sometimestheystareatthoseofuswhoare,well,zaftig.Itiseasytoseethejudgmentbehindtheireyes.Whowantstoputupwiththat?Manypeopleareself-consciousoftheirbodiesandfeelisolatedwhenjoiningworkoutclassesofwhileexercising,especiallyiftheyarelargerthanmostoftheothersinthegroup.Nowthefitnessindustryisfinallypayingattention.Populargymsarecatering(迎合)tooverweightandweightconsciouscustomersbydedicatingareaswherethe“skinny”peoplearenotallowed.Thereareevengymsorprogramsthatrequirememberstobeatleast50poundsoverweighttoparticipate.7

Trainersrecommendfunctionalfitnessasapracticalgoal,ratherthansix-packabs(六塊腹肌).Theyoftenusetextmessagestostayintouchwithcustomers.Oftenatthesespecializedgyms,thetrainersareoverweightthemselves,orworkingontheirownweightgoals,andthiscanhelpthosepeoplewithanxietycausedbypoorbodyimage.Theequipmenthasbeendesignedforusebylargerpeople.Widerseats,morecushioning,nomirrors,andtinted(有色的)windowsforprivacy,areallimportantchanges.Hopefullythesetypesofgymswillsuccessfullygrowinnumbersinthefuture.Theideaisaverysimpleandpotentiallypopularone.Ifithelpsthoseofuswhoarebiggerexercisemoreandimproveourfitnesslevel,it'sastepintherightdirection.1.ThewordzaftiginParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto回答A.fatB.healthyC.friendly2.Wecaninferfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat回答.A.mostlargegymchainsreallydon'twantmemberstoshowupfrequentlyB.overweightpeopleareoftenfrustratedandpushedawaybytraditionalgymindustryC.regulargymsdon'tacceptoverweightpeopletoparticipateintheirprograms3.Whatisthetraininggoalinthegymscateringtooverweightmembers?回答A.Toachievefunctionalfitness.B.Tobuildsix-packabs.C.Tolooklikeafitnessmodel.4.Asforthegymscateringtooverweightmembers,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?回答A.Themachinesaredesignedforlargerpeople.B.Tintedwindowsareusedtoensureextraprivacy.C.Therearelargemirrorsonthewalls.5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?回答8

A.ImprovingWomen'sSelf-confidencethroughExercises.B.ThetraditionalGymIndustryIsLosingItsCustomers.C.SpecializedGymsDesignedforOverweightPeople.反饋參考答案：ABACC1.【答案】A【考點(diǎn)】指代題【詳解】首先定位zaftig一詞在文章第一段的位置，然后再結(jié)合該句，看該句的前一句noticeallthehealthy,sweating,“skinny”members.注意到所有的人都是健康、汗流浹背、很瘦的人。Zaftig（豐滿的）應(yīng)該與這些單詞的句意相反,所以可以猜出該詞與身體狀況有關(guān)，而且是個(gè)貶義詞。與選項(xiàng)中fat（胖的）意思最為接近。故B為正確答案。2.【答案】B【考點(diǎn)】推理題【詳解】文章前二段的第一句分別為Itcanbereallyfrustrating(使人沮喪的)foranoverweightpersontogotoagymandworkoutwithapositiveattitude.即健身房讓過度肥胖的人感到沮喪。和Manypeopleareself-consciousoftheirbodiesandfeelisolatedwhenjoiningworkoutclassesofwhileexercising很多人對(duì)于身體的肥胖自我意識(shí)很強(qiáng)，所以往往與參加健身訓(xùn)練班的人格格不入。這兩句分別代表了前兩段的主旨，而選項(xiàng)B.overweightpeopleareoftenfrustratedandpushedawaybytraditionalgymindustry句意為：過度肥胖的人通常感到沮喪和被傳統(tǒng)健身業(yè)所拒之門外。故B為正確答案。3.【答案】A【考點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)推理題【詳解】首先在題干中找到關(guān)鍵詞，traininggoal訓(xùn)練目標(biāo)。然后對(duì)應(yīng)在文章第四段找到第一次出現(xiàn)的goal一詞，Trainersrecommendfunctionalfitnessasapracticalgoal,ratherthansix-packabs(六塊腹肌).你甚至不用知道functionalfitness（功能性健身）一詞到底指什么，也能明白選項(xiàng)A正好可以與這句話對(duì)應(yīng)上。故A為正確答案。4.【答案】C細(xì)節(jié)判斷題【考點(diǎn)】9

【詳解】從題干中可以得知，該題是反向選擇，即選出不正確的說法。從倒數(shù)第二段中，我們可以得知，特殊的健身房為了降低過度肥胖者健身時(shí)的焦慮，采取了一系列措施，Theequipmenthasbeendesignedforusebylargerpeople.Widerseats,morecushioning,nomirrors,andtinted(有色的)windowsforprivacy,areallimportantchanges.即健身設(shè)備特意加大號(hào)，不放鏡子，用有色窗戶保護(hù)隱私等。顯然C選項(xiàng)說在墻上有大鏡子是不對(duì)的。故C是正確答案。5.【答案】C【考點(diǎn)】主旨題【詳解】A選項(xiàng)是說，通過鍛煉提高婦女的自信。B選項(xiàng)是說，傳統(tǒng)的健身業(yè)正在失去它的顧客。C選項(xiàng)是說，為過度肥胖的人群專門設(shè)計(jì)的健身房。而通篇的關(guān)鍵詞是overweight和gym,故C是正確答案。第四單元一、選擇填空，從A、B、C能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。題10分）（每題目1—Sam,thisismyfriend,Jane.—_________________.正確答案是：Gladtomeetyou,Jane題目2—I'vegotabadcoldtoday.—_________________.正確答案是：Oh,dear!Ihopeyougetbettersoon題目3NeitherJohnhisfatherwasabletowakeupearlyenoughtocatchthemorningtrain.譯文：約翰和他父親都沒能早點(diǎn)起來趕上早班火車。正確答案是：nor10題目4Iwasgivingatalktoalargegroupofpeople，thesametalkI___tohalfadozenothergroupsbefore.譯文：我給一個(gè)大團(tuán)體進(jìn)行講座，同樣的講座之前我給其他一些團(tuán)體講過。正確答案是：hadgiven題目5Today'sweatheris_____worsethanyesterday's.譯文：今天的天氣比昨天差多了。正確答案是：much題目1—What'sthematterwithyou?—_________________.正確答案是：Ifeelabitsick題目2—CouldItalktoProf.Lee?—_________________.正確答案是：Yes,speaking題目3Jane'sdressissimilarindesignhersister's.譯文：簡的裙子和她妹妹的在設(shè)計(jì)上很相似。正確答案是：to題目4Withhisworkcompleted,themanagersteppedbacktohisseat,feelingpleased____hewasamanofaction.譯文：經(jīng)理完成了工作，走回他的座位，為自己是個(gè)實(shí)干家感到滿意。正確答案是：that11題目5Thenewordermeans_____overtime.譯文：新的定單意味著要加班。正確答案是：working題目1—CanyoutellmewhereIcanparkthecar?—_________________.正確答案是：Well,justoverthere題目2—CouldItalktoProf.Lee?—_________________.正確答案是：Yes,speaking題目3Theatmospherecertaingasesmixedtogetherindefiniteproportions.譯文：大氣是由多種氣體以一定的比例混合而成的。正確答案是：consistsof題目4Itissaidthat_____boysinyourschoollikeplayingfootballintheirsparetime,thoughotherspreferbasketball.譯文：據(jù)說我們學(xué)校只有一小部分男孩在課余時(shí)間喜歡踢足球，雖然其他的喜歡打籃球。正確答案是：quiteafew題目5Today'sweatheris_____worsethanyesterday's.譯文：今天的天氣比昨天差多了。正確答案是：much12題目3Shehastwobestfriends._____ofthemisinthecountry.譯文：她有兩個(gè)最好的朋友，但都不在國內(nèi)。正確答案是：Neither二、閱讀理解：選擇題（每題10分）排序題A.evenwithoutinternationallinksB.ChinesestudentsandacademicsC.thecrisisoneconomicgrowthD.AstrongresearchsystemE.inpartbecauseofthisEducationandacademicqualitycanmeandifferentthingstodifferentpeople,dependingontheirperspective,roleandcontextand,回答,qualityisnotoriouslydifficulttoevaluate.Thequestionofhowtodothishasbeenpursuedformanyyears.Nevertheless,thegoalofimprovingeducationalqualityisagreedbyallandstimulatedfurtherbytherecentworldwideeconomicdownturnandtheneedtocounteracttheimpactof回答andprepareforeconomicrecovery.AstheWorldBankandUNESCOsaid10yearsago:“Thequalityofknowledgegeneratedwithinhighereducationinstitutions,anditsavailabilitytothewidereconomy,isbecomingincreasinglycriticaltonationalcompetitiveness.”Theyalsorightlyemphasizedthat“回答atthenationallevelopensupthepossibilitythatsubstantialadditionalpublicbenefitscanberealizedthroughinternationallinks.”Thisispreciselywhy回答13

shouldcontributetotheseglobalbenefits,reformingandimprovingevaluationsystemsforeducationalandacademicquality.Originalandgoodresearch,especiallyinscience,economicsandsocialsciences,hasatrickle-downeffectonsociety.Anditoffersadditionalbenefits回答,thoughinternationalcollaborationandexchangeofthebestevaluationpolicyandpracticecanbringsubstantialadvantagestoallpartnersinrelationtolessonslearnedelsewhere.反饋答案：1.E2.C3.D4.B5.A二、閱讀理解：選擇題（每題10分）正誤判斷題LiuHuiandMollyarediscussingtheissueofeducationalqualityataworkshop.LiuHui:Hi,Molly.Today'stopiciseducationalquality.First,whatdoeseducationalqualitymeantoyou?Molly:AsfarasI'mconcerned,qualityeducationmeansgoodlearningstandardsineducationalinstitutions.So,educationalqualityensuresadesirableoutcomeforlearners.LiuHui:Soundslikeaftersomeseriousthinking.However,manydefinitionsofqualityineducationexist,testifyingtothecomplexityandmultifacetednatureoftheconcept.Molly:Definitely,establishingacontextualizedunderstandingofqualitymeansincludingrelevantstakeholders.Keystakeholdersoftenholddifferentviewsandmeaningsofeducationalquality.LiuHui:TherearemanyprestigiousuniversitiesintheUS.Theyallprovidehigh-qualityeducation.Butsomeuniversitiesaren'tknownfortheirquality.It'shardtoimaginethegap.Molly:Yes,intheUSthequalityinhighereducationisquitemixed.UniversitieslikeHarvard,Yale,MIT,etc.,youknow,arewell-knownallovertheworld.However,therearesomeinstitutionsprovidingpooreducation,socalled“diplomamills”.14

LiuHui:InChina,wehavesimilarissuesineducationalquality.Someuniversitiespaymoreattentiontoprofitsinsteadofquality.Molly:Howtoimproveeducationalqualityisaninternationalissue.But,solutionsaregroundedinvalues,culturesandtraditionsandmaybespecifictoagivennationaswell.1.Mollythinksthateducationalqualityensuresasatisfactoryoutcomeforlearners.回答2.LiuHuidisagreeswithMollyonthemeaningofeducationquality.回答3.AlluniversitiesintheU.S.offerhigh-qualityeducation.回答4.Diplomamillscannotprovidehigh-qualityeducation.回答5.InChina,thereisn'tanydiplomamill.回答反饋答案：1.T2.F3.F4.T5.F二、閱讀理解：選擇題（每題10分）選擇題Babieswhoarebreast-fedmaybemorelikelytobesuccessfulinlife,anewstudypublishedTuesdaysuggests.Thestudyfollowedmorethan3,000babiesintoadulthoodinBrazil.Theresearchersfoundthosewhowerebreast-fedscoredslightlyhigherinintelligencetestsintheir30s,stayedinschoollongerandearnedmoremoneythanthosewhoweregivenformula（配方奶粉）.“Breast-feedingnotonlyhasshort-termbenefits,butalsobreast-feedinghaslong-termbenefits,”saysBernardoLessaHortaoftheFederalUniversityofPelotasinBrazil,wholedthestudybeingpublishedinTheLancetGlobalHealth.Doctorshavelongknownthatbreast-feedingcanbegoodforababy'shealth.Thisisespeciallytrueinpoorcountries,wherewatercanbecontaminated.Forinstance,ababygivenformulaindevelopingcountriesis14timesmorelikelytodieinthefirstsixmonthsthanonewho'sbreast-fed.IntheU.S.,someresearchhassuggestedthatbreast-feedingmayraiseababy'sIQ（智商）byafewpoints.Butarecentstudywithsiblings（兄弟姐妹）foundlittleadvantagetobreast-feeding.15

Hortasaysthesepreviousstudiesdidn'tfollowchildrenintoadulthoodtoseeifbreast-feedinghadlong-termeffects.SoHortaanalyzeddatacollectedfrom3,493volunteersheandhiscolleagueshavebeenfollowingsincebirth.Theyarenowintheir30s.First,theresearchersgavethesubjectsIQtests.Thosewhowerebreast-fedfor12monthsormorehadIQtestscoresthatwere3.76pointshigherthanthosewhowerebreast-fedforlessthanonemonth,theteamfound.WhenHortaandhiscolleagueslookedathowmucheducationthesubjectshadgottenandhowmuchmoneytheyweremaking,theyalsofoundacleardifference:Thosewhowerebreast-fedthelongeststayedinschoolforaboutanextrayearandhadmonthlysalariesthatwereaboutathirdhigher.1.Fromthepassage,welearnthatHorta回答A.isfromBrazilB.conductshisresearchintheU.S.C.has30researchersonhisteam2.Whichofthefollowingaboutthosewhowerebreast-fedisNOTmentioned?回答A.TheystayedlongerinschoolB.TheywerehappierC.Theyweresmarter3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?回答A.Doctorsdon'tunderstandthebenefitsofbreast-feeding.B.Hortaisconcernedwithwatercontaminationinpoorcountries.C.Horta'sresearchprojectlastedabout30years4.ThewordcontaminatedinParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto回答A.finishedB.interestedC.polluted5.Whichofthefollowingisanappropriatetitleforthispassage?回答A.ResearchersHavePointedOuttheDisadvantagesofBreast-feedingB.ResearchersHaveFoundOuttheShortcomingsofFormulaC.Breast-feedingImprovesChancesofSuccess16

反饋參考答案：1~5ABCCC有關(guān)考試的注意事項(xiàng)：一、考試1、考生參加閉卷考試，除攜帶2B鉛筆、書寫蘭（黑）字跡的0.5mm簽字筆、直尺、圓規(guī)、三角板、橡皮外（其他科目有特殊規(guī)定的除外），時(shí)注意事項(xiàng)：鋼筆、圓珠筆或其它任何物品不準(zhǔn)帶入考場。參加非閉卷考試的考生除攜帶必要的文具外，可攜帶該考試