2021年6月大學(xué)英語六級(jí)閱讀理解真題及答案-4

年6Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Aneweraisuponus.Callitwhatyouwill:theserviceeconomy,theinformationage,theknowledgesociety.Italltranslatestoafundamentalchangeinthewaywework.Alreadypartlythere.ThepercentageofpeoplewhoearntheirlivingbymakingthingshasfallendramaticallyintheWesternWorld.TodaythemajorityofjobsinAmerica,EuropeandJapan(twothirdsormoreinmanyofthesecountries)areintheserviceindustry,andthenumberisontherise.Morewomenareintheworkforcethaneverbefore.Therearemorepart-timejobs.Morepeopleareself-employed.Butthebreadthoftheeconomictransformationcan’tbemeasuredbynumbersalone,becauseitalsoisgivingrisetoaradicalnewwayofthinkingaboutthenatureofworkitself.Long-heldnotionsaboutjobsandcareers,theskillsneededtosucceed,eventherelationbetweenindividualsandemployers—allthesearebeingchallenged.Wehaveonlytolookbehindustogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieahead.Noonelookingahead20yearspossiblycouldhave第1頁共21頁foreseenthewaysinwhichasingleinvention,thechip(集成塊),wouldtransformourworldthankstoitsapplicationsinpersonalcomputers,digitalcommunicationsandfactoryrobots.Tomorrow’sachievementsinbiotechnology,artificialintelligenceorevensomestillunimaginedtechnologycouldproduceasimilarwaveofdramaticchanges.Butonethingiscertain:informationandknowledgewillbecomeevenmorevital,andthepeoplewhopossessit,whethertheyworkinmanufacturingorservices,willhavetheadvantageandproducethewealth.Computerknowledgewillbecomeasbasicarequirementastheabilitytoreadandwrite.Theabilitytosolveproblemsbyapplyinginformationinsteadofperformingroutinetaskswillbevaluedaboveallelse.Ifyoucastyourmindahead10years,informationserviceswillbepredominant.Itwillbethewayyoudoyourjob.21.Acharacteristicoftheinformationageisthat________.A)theserviceindustryisrelyingmoreandmoreonthefemaleworkforceB)manufacturingindustriesaresteadilyincreasingC)peoplefinditharderandhardertoearnalivingbyworkinginfactoriesD)mostofthejobopportunitiescannowbefoundintheservice第2頁共21頁industry22.Oneofthegreatchangesbroughtaboutbytheknowledgesocietyisthat________.A)thedifferencebetweentheemployeeandtheemployerhasbecomeinsignificantB)traditionalconceptsaboutworknolongerholdtrueC)mostpeoplehavetotakepart-timejobsD)peoplehavetochangetheirjobsfromtimetotime23.Byreferringtocomputersandotherinventions,theauthormeanstosaythat________.A)peopleshouldbeabletorespondquicklytotheadvancementoftechnologyB)futureachievementsintechnologywillbringaboutinconceivabledramaticchangesC)theimportanceofhightechnologyhasbeenoverlookedD)computersciencewillplayaleadingroleinthefutureinformationservices24.Thefuturewillprobablybelongtothosewho________.A)possessandknowhowtomakeuseofinformationB)givefullplaytotheirbrainpotentialC)involvethemselvesinserviceindustriesD)casttheirmindsaheadinsteadoflookingback第3頁共21頁25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A)ComputersandtheKnowledgeSocietyB)ServiceIndustriesinModernSocietyC)FeaturesandImplicationsoftheNewEraD)RapidAdvancementofInformationTechnologyQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Beautyhasalwaysbeenregardedassomethingpraiseworthy.Almosteveryonethinksattractivepeoplearehappierandhealthier,havebettermarriagesandhavemorerespectableoccupations.Personalconsultantsgivethembetteradviceforfindingjobs.Evenjudgesaresofteronattractivedefendants(被告).Butintheexecutivecircle,beautycanbecomealiability.Whileattractivenessisapositivefactorforamanonhiswayuptheexecutiveladder,itisharmfultoawoman.Handsomemaleexecutiveswereperceivedashavingmoreintegritythanplainermen;effortandabilitywerethoughttoaccountfortheirsuccess.Attractivefemaleexecutiveswereconsideredtohavelessintegritythanunattractiveones;theirsuccesswasattributed第4頁共21頁nottoabilitybuttofactorssuchasluck.Allunattractivewomenexecutiveswerethoughttohavemoreintegrityandtobemorecapablethantheattractivefemaleexecutives.Interestingly,though,theriseoftheunattractiveovernightsuccesseswasattributedmoretopersonalrelationshipsandlesstoabilitythanwasthatofattractiveovernightsuccesses.Whyareattractivewomennotthoughttobeable?Anattractivewomanisperceivedtobemorefeminine(女性的)andanattractivemanmoremasculine(男性的)thanthelessattractiveones.Thus,anattractivewomanhasanadvantageintraditionallyfemalejobs,butanattractivewomaninatraditionallymasculinepositionappearstolackthe“masculine”qualitiesrequired.Thisistrueeveninpolitics.“Whentheonlyclueishowheorshelooks,peopletreatmenandwomensaysAnnBowman,whorecentlypublishedastudyontheeffectsofattractivenessonpoliticalcandidates.Sheasked125undergraduatestoranktwogroupsofphotographs,oneofmenandoneofwomen,inorderofattractiveness.Thestudentsweretoldthephotographswereofcandidatesforpoliticaloffices.Theywereaskedtorankthemagain,intheordertheywouldvote第5頁共21頁forthem.Theresultsshowedthatattractivemalesutterlydefeatedunattractivemen,butthewomenwhohadbeenrankedmostattractiveinvariablyreceivedthefewestvotes.26.Theword“l(fā)iability”(Para.1.Line4)mostprobablymeans“________”.A)misfortuneB)instabilityC)disadvantageD)burden27.Intraditionallyfemalejobs,attractiveness________.A)reinforcesthefemininequalitiesrequiredB)makeswomenlookmorehonestandcapableC)isofprimaryimportancetowomenD)oftenenableswomentosucceedquickly28.experimentrevealsthatwhenitcomestopolitics,attractiveness________.A)turnsouttobeanobstacleB)affectsmenandwomenalikeC)hasaslittleeffectonmenasonwomenD)ismoreofanobstaclethanabenefittowomen29.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatviews第6頁共21頁onbeautyareoften________.A)practicalB)prejudicedC)old-fashionedD)radical30.Theauthorwritesthispassageto________.A)discussthenegativeaspectsofbeingattractiveB)giveadvicetojob-seekerswhoareattractiveC)demandequalrightsforwomenD)emphasizetheimportanceofappearance重點(diǎn)單詞查看全部解釋unattractive想一想再看adj.不吸引人注意的；沒有魅力的；不美麗的measured['me??d]想一想再看adj.量過的，慎重的，基于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的，有韻律的動(dòng)詞meinterview['int?vju:]想一想再看n.接見，會(huì)見，面試，面談vt.接見，采impression[im'pre??n]想一想再看n.印象，效果聯(lián)想記憶X單詞impression聯(lián)想記憶：impress印象+ion→印象；感想sophisticated[s?'fistikeitid]想一想再看第7頁共21頁adj.詭辯的，久經(jīng)世故的，精密的，老練的，尖端的聯(lián)想記憶X單詞sophisticated聯(lián)想記憶：sophist詭辯+icate+d→老于世故的；精致復(fù)雜的emphasize['emf?saiz]想一想再看vt.強(qiáng)調(diào)，著重employee[.empl?i'i:]想一想再看n.雇員聯(lián)想記憶X單詞employee聯(lián)想記憶：employ雇用+ee→雇員source[s?:s]想一想再看n.發(fā)源地，來源，原始資料rank[r??k]想一想再看n.等級(jí)，階層，排，列v.分等級(jí)，排列，respectable[ri'spekt?bl]想一想再看n.品格高尚的人adj.值得尊重的，人格聯(lián)想記憶X單詞respectable聯(lián)想記憶：respect尊敬+able→可敬的Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theimportanceandfocusoftheinterviewintheworkoftheprintandbroadcastjournalistisreflectedinseveralbooks第8頁共21頁thathavebeenwrittenonthetopic.Mostofthesebooks,aswellasseveralchapters,mainlyin,butnotlimitedto,journalismandbroadcastinghandbooksandreportingtexts,stressthe“howto”aspectsofjournalisticinterviewingratherthantheconceptualaspectsoftheinterview,itscontext,andimplications.Muchofthe“howto”materialisbasedonpersonalexperiencesandgeneralimpressions.Asweknow,injournalismasinotherfields,muchcanbelearnedfromthesystematicstudyofprofessionalpractice.Suchstudybringstogetherevidencefromwhichbroadgeneralizedprinciplescanbedeveloped.Thereis,ashasbeensuggested,agrowingbodyofresearchliteratureinjournalismandbroadcasting,butverylittlesignificantattentionhasbeendevotedtothestudyoftheinterviewitself.Ontheotherhand,manygeneraltextsaswellasnumerousresearcharticlesoninterviewinginfieldsotherthanjournalismhavebeenwritten.Manyofthesebooksandarticlespresentthetheoreticalandempirical(經(jīng)驗(yàn)的)aspectsoftheinterviewaswellasthetrainingoftheinterviewers.Unhappily,thisplentifulgeneralliteratureaboutinterviewingpayslittleattentiontothejournalisticinterview.Thefactthatthegeneralliteratureoninterviewing第9頁共21頁doesnotdealwiththejournalisticinterviewseemstobesurprisingfortworeasons.First,itseemslikelythatmostpeopleinmodernWesternsocietiesaremorefamiliar,atleastinapositivemanner,withjournalisticinterviewingthanwithanyotherformofinterviewing.Mostofusareprobablysomewhatfamiliarwiththeclinicalinterview,suchasthatconductedbyphysiciansandpsychologists.Inthesesituationstheprofessionalpersonorinterviewerisinterestedingettinginformationnecessaryforthediagnosisandtreatmentofthepersonseekinghelp.Anotherfamiliarsituationisthejobinterview.However,veryfewofushaveactuallybeeninterviewedpersonallybythemassmedia,particularlybytelevision.Andyet,wehaveavividacquaintancewiththejournalisticinterviewbyvirtueofourrolesasreaders,listeners,andviewers.Evenso,trueunderstandingofthejournalisticinterview,especiallytelevisioninterviews,requiresthoughtfulanalysesandevenstudy,asthisbookindicates.31.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphisthat________.A)generalizedprinciplesforjournalisticinterviewsarethechiefconcernforwritersonjournalismB)importanceshouldbeattachedtothesystematicstudyof第10頁共21頁journalisticinterviewingC)conceptsandcontextualimplicationsareofsecondaryimportancetojournalisticinterviewingD)personalexperienceandgeneralimpressionshouldbeexcludedfromjournalisticinterviews32.Muchresearchhasbeendoneoninterviewsingeneral________.A)sothetrainingofjournalisticinterviewershaslikewisebeenstrengthenedB)thoughthestudyoftheinterviewingtechniqueshasn’treceivedmuchattentionC)butjournalisticinterviewingasaspecificfieldhasunfortunatelybeenneglectedD)andtherehasalsobeenadramaticgrowthinthestudyofjournalisticinterviewing33.Westernersarefamiliarwiththejournalisticinterview,________.A)butmostofthemwishtostayawayfromitB)andmanyofthemhopetobeinterviewedsomedayC)andmanyofthemwouldliketoacquireatrueunderstandingofitD)butmostofthemmaynothavebeeninterviewedinperson第11頁共21頁34.Whoistheintervieweeinaclinicalinterview?A)Thepatient.B)Thephysician.C)Thejournalist.D)Thepsychologist.35.Thetextismostlikelyapartofa________.A)newsarticleB)journalisticinterviewC)researchreportD)preface重點(diǎn)單詞查看全部解釋unattractive想一想再看adj.不吸引人注意的；沒有魅力的；不美麗的measured['me??d]想一想再看adj.量過的，慎重的，基于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的，有韻律的動(dòng)詞meinterview['int?vju:]想一想再看n.接見，會(huì)見，面試，面談vt.接見，采impression[im'pre??n]想一想再看n.印象，效果聯(lián)想記憶X單詞impression聯(lián)想記憶：impress印象+ion→印象；感想sophisticated[s?'fistikeitid]想一想再看第12頁共21頁adj.詭辯的，久經(jīng)世故的，精密的，老練的，尖端的聯(lián)想記憶X單詞sophisticated聯(lián)想記憶：sophist詭辯+icate+d→老于世故的；精致復(fù)雜的emphasize['emf?saiz]想一想再看vt.強(qiáng)調(diào)，著重employee[.empl?i'i:]想一想再看n.雇員聯(lián)想記憶X單詞employee聯(lián)想記憶：employ雇用+ee→雇員source[s?:s]想一想再看n.發(fā)源地，來源，原始資料rank[r??k]想一想再看n.等級(jí)，階層，排，列v.分等級(jí)，排列，respectable[ri'spekt?bl]想一想再看n.品格高尚的人adj.值得尊重的，人格聯(lián)想記憶X單詞respectable聯(lián)想記憶：respect尊敬+able→可敬的Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Therelationshipbetweenthehomeandmarketeconomieshasgonethroughtwodistinctstages.Earlyindustrializationbeganthe第13頁共21頁processoftransferringsomeproductionprocesses(e.g.clothmaking,sewingandcanningfoods)fromthehometothemarketplace.Althoughthehomeeconomycouldstillproducethesegoods,theprocesseswerelaborious(費(fèi)力的)andthemarketeconomywasusuallymoreefficient.Soon,themoreimportantsecondstagewasevident-themarketplacebeganproducinggoodsandservicesthathadneverbeenproducedbythehomeeconomy,andthehomeeconomywasunabletoproducethem(e.g.Electricityandelectricalappliances,theautomobile,advancededucation,sophisticatedmedicalcare).Inthesecondstage,thequestionofwhetherthehomeeconomywaslessefficientinproducingthesenewgoodsandserviceswasirrelevant;ifthefamilyweretoenjoythesefruitsofindustrialization,theywouldhavetobeobtainedinthemarketplace.Thetraditionalwaysoftakingcareoftheseneedsinthehome,suchasinnursingthesick,becamesociallyunacceptable(and,inmostseriouscases,probablylesssuccessful).Justastheappearanceoftheautomobilemadetheuseofthehorse-drawncarriageillegalandthenimpractical,andtheappearanceoftelevisionchangedtheradiofromasourceofentertainmenttoasourceofbackgroundmusic,somostofthe第14頁共21頁fruitsofeconomicgrowthdidnotincreasetheoptionsavailabletothehomeeconomytoeitherproducethegoodsorservicesorpurchasetheminthemarket.Growthbroughtwithitincreasedvarietyinconsumergoods,butnotincreasedflexibilityforthehomeeconomyinobtainingthesegoodsandservices.Instead,economicgrowthbroughtwithitincreasedconsumerrelianceonthemarketplace.Inordertoconsumethesenewgoodsandservices,thefamilyhadtoenterthemarketplaceaswageearnersandconsumers.Theneoclassical(新古典主義的)modelthatviewsthefamilyasdecidingwhethertoproducegoodsandservicesdirectlyortopurchasetheminthemarketplaceisbasicallyamodelofthefirststage.Itcannotaccuratelybeappliedtothesecond(andcurrent)stage.36.Thereasonwhymanyproductionprocessesweretakenoverbythemarketplacewasthat________.A)itwasanecessarystepintheprocessofindustrializationB)theydependedonelectricityavailableonlytothemarketeconomyC)itwastroublesometoproducesuchgoodsinthehomeD)themarketplacewasmoreefficientwithrespecttotheseprocesses37.Itcanbeseenfromthepassagethatinthesecondstage第15頁共21頁________.A)sometraditionalgoodsandserviceswerenotsuccessfulwhenprovidedbythehomeeconomyB)themarketeconomyprovidednewgoodsandservicesneverproducedbythehomeeconomyC)producingtraditionalgoodsathomebecamesociallyunacceptableD)whethernewgoodsandserviceswereproducedbythehomeeconomybecameirrelevant38.Duringthesecondstage,ifthefamilywantedtoconsumenewgoodsandservices,theyhadtoenterthemarketplace________.A)aswageearnersB)bothasmanufacturesandconsumersC)bothasworkersandpurchasersD)ascustomers39.Economicgrowthdidnotmakeitmoreflexibleforthehomeeconomytoobtainthenewgoodsandservicesbecause________.A)thefamilywasnotefficientinproductionB)itwasillegalforthehomeeconomytoproducethemC)itcouldnotsupplythembyitselfD)themarketforthesegoodsandserviceswaslimited第16頁共21頁40.Theneoclassicalmodelisbasicallyamodelofthefirststage,becauseatthisstage________.A)thefamily