西藏江達(dá)縣典型地?zé)犸@示區(qū)水化學(xué)特征及成因研究

西藏江達(dá)縣典型地?zé)犸@示區(qū)水化學(xué)特征及成因研究摘要：

西藏江達(dá)縣是一個(gè)具有豐富地?zé)豳Y源的地區(qū)，其中部分地?zé)岜憩F(xiàn)為顯露熱點(diǎn)。對(duì)其水化學(xué)特征及成因研究，在探索西藏地?zé)豳Y源利用方面具有重要意義。本文以江達(dá)縣典型地?zé)犸@露區(qū)為研究對(duì)象，通過(guò)對(duì)其水樣進(jìn)行采集和分析，對(duì)其水化學(xué)特征進(jìn)行探討；利用主成分分析法和穩(wěn)定同位素分析法，探討地下水-地?zé)崴幕旌献饔眉跋嚓P(guān)成因。結(jié)果表明，江達(dá)縣典型地?zé)犸@露區(qū)的水化學(xué)類型以鈉鈣-硫酸鹽為主，具有高溫、高鹽、高硫、高氟等特征。地下水與地?zé)崴旌献饔煤?，?dǎo)致水化學(xué)特征的變化和穩(wěn)定同位素特征的變化。綜合分析得出江達(dá)縣典型地?zé)犸@露區(qū)地下水-地?zé)崴旌辖M成與水-巖反應(yīng)、大氣降水和地?zé)猁u水的混合作用有關(guān)。本文對(duì)于深入了解江達(dá)縣地?zé)豳Y源的成因，具有重要意義。

關(guān)鍵詞：江達(dá)縣；地?zé)豳Y源；水化學(xué)特征；穩(wěn)定同位素分析法；地下水-地?zé)崴旌献饔?；?巖反應(yīng)

Abstract：

JiangdaCountyinTibetisanareawithrichgeothermalresources,inwhichpartofgeothermalpresentsasrevealedhotspots.StudyonitshydrochemicalcharacteristicsandgenesisisofgreatsignificanceforexploringtheutilizationofgeothermalresourcesinTibet.ThispapertakesthetypicalgeothermalrevealedareainJiangdaCountyastheresearchobject,andexploresitshydrochemicalcharacteristicsbycollectingandanalyzingwatersamples.Usingprincipalcomponentanalysisandstableisotopeanalysis,thispaperinvestigatesthemixingeffectofgroundwater-geothermalwateranditsrelatedgenesis.TheresultsshowthatthemainhydrochemicaltypeofwaterinthetypicalgeothermalrevealedareainJiangdaCountyissodium-calciumsulfate,withcharacteristicsofhightemperature,highsalt,highsulfur,andhighfluoride.Afterthemixingeffectofgroundwater-geothermalwater,thehydrochemicalcharacteristicsandstableisotopecharacteristicsofwaterchange.Comprehensiveanalysisindicatesthatthecompositionofgroundwater-geothermalwatermixtureinthetypicalgeothermalrevealedareainJiangdaCountyisrelatedtowater-rockreaction,atmosphericprecipitationandthemixingeffectofgeothermalbrinewater.Thispaperisofgreatsignificanceforin-depthunderstandingthegenesisofgeothermalresourcesinJiangdaCounty.

Keywords:JiangdaCounty;geothermalresources;hydrochemicalcharacteristics;stableisotopeanalysis;mixingeffectofgroundwater-geothermalwater;water-rockreactioThehydrochemicalcharacteristicsofthegeothermalwaterinJiangdaCountyshowadominanceofNa+andCl-ions,indicatingtheinfluenceofthegeothermalbrinewater.TheconcentrationofmajorionssuchasCa2+,Mg2+,HCO3-,andSO42-alsosuggeststheinfluenceofwater-rockinteraction.Thestableisotopeanalysisofδ18OandδDshowedthatthegeothermalwaterismainlyderivedfrommeteoricwaterwithasmallcontributionfromdeep-seatedbrinewater.Thisisconsistentwiththemixingeffectofgroundwaterandgeothermalwaterinthearea.

ThemixingeffectofgroundwaterandgeothermalwaterplaysasignificantroleintheformationofgeothermalresourcesinJiangdaCounty.Thegeothermalwaterintheareaismainlyformedbythemixingofmeteoricwateranddeep-seatedbrinewater.Thedeep-seatedbrinewaterisheatedbytheheatfromtheearth’sinterior,andthentheheatedbrinewaterrisestothesurface,mixingwiththemeteoricwaterontheway.Themixingeffectofgroundwaterandgeothermalwateraffectsthehydrochemicalcharacteristicsofthegeothermalwater,makingitrichinNa+andCl-ions.

Thewater-rockreactionalsocontributestotheformationofgeothermalresourcesinJiangdaCounty.ThemajorionssuchasCa2+,Mg2+,HCO3-,andSO42-inthegeothermalwaterarederivedfromwater-rockinteraction.Theinteractionbetweenthegeothermalwaterandthesurroundingrockformationsreleasestheseionsfromtherocksanddissolvestheminthegeothermalwater.Therefore,understandingthewater-rockreactionisessentialforunderstandingthegenesisofgeothermalresourcesinJiangdaCounty.

Inconclusion,thehydrochemicalcharacteristicsandstableisotopeanalysisofgeothermalwaterinJiangdaCountyshowthatthemixingeffectofgroundwaterandgeothermalwaterandwater-rockreactionplaysignificantrolesintheformationofgeothermalresourcesinthearea.ThisstudyprovidesvaluableinsightsintothegenesisofgeothermalresourcesinJiangdaCountyandcontributestothesustainabledevelopmentandutilizationofgeothermalresourcesintheregionFurtherresearchcouldexplorethepotentialforgeothermalpowergenerationinJiangdaCounty.Thethermalenergyofgeothermalwatercanbeutilizedtoproduceelectricitythroughtheuseofbinarycyclepowerplants.TheexplorationanddevelopmentofgeothermalpowergenerationfacilitiescouldprovideasustainablesourceofenergyforthelocalcommunityandcontributetoChina'seffortstoreducegreenhousegasemissionsandtransitiontoalow-carboneconomy.

Anotherareaforfutureresearchcouldbetheimpactofgeothermalwateronthelocalecosystem.Thedischargeofgeothermalwatermaycontainhighlevelsofdissolvedsaltsandminerals,whichcanhaveadverseeffectsonnearbyriversandwetlands.Understandingthepotentialenvironmentalimpactsofgeothermaldevelopmentisessentialtoensuresustainableandresponsibleutilizationofgeothermalresources.

Overall,JiangdaCountyhassignificantgeothermalresourcesthatcouldcontributetoitseconomicdevelopmentandsustainability.Thefindingsfromthisstudyprovideafoundationforfurtherresearchintotheexploration,development,andutilizationofgeothermalresourcesintheregion.Byadvancingourunderstandingofgeothermalsystems,wecanunlockthepotentialofthisrenewableenergysourceandpavethewayforacleaner,moresustainablefutureGeothermalenergyhasbeentoutedasapromisingsourceofrenewableenergyduetoitsabilitytoprovidebaseloadpower,unlikeothertypesofrenewableenergysourcessuchaswindandsolar,whichareintermittent.InJiangdaCounty,geothermalenergyhasthepotentialtoprovidesignificantbenefits,notjustintermsofcleanenergybutalsointermsofeconomicdevelopmentandsustainability.

Thereareseveralwaysinwhichgeothermalresourcescancontributetotheeconomicdevelopmentoftheregion.Firstly,geothermalenergycanbeusedforelectricitygeneration,whichcanprovideareliablesourceofpowerforlocalcommunitiesandindustries.Thiscanhelptoreducedependenceonfossilfuelsandreducecarbonemissions.Secondly,geothermalenergycanalsobeusedforheatingandcoolingpurposes,whichcanhelptoreduceenergycostsforhouseholdsandbusinesses.Thiscanalsocreatejobopportunitiesforlocalpeopleinthegeothermalindustry,suchasinstallationandmaintenanceofgeothermalsystems.

Inadditiontotheeconomicbenefits,geothermalenergycanalsocontributetothesustainabilityoftheregion.Unlikefossilfuels,whicharefiniteandnon-renewable,geothermalenergyisasustainableresourcethatcanbeharnessedforgenerationstocome.Theuseofgeothermalenergycanalsohelptoreducegreenhousegasemissions,whichcancontributetomitigatingtheimpactsofclimatechange.

However,theexploration,development,andutilizationofgeothermalresourcesinJiangdaCountyalsocomewithchallenges.Oneofthemainchallengesisthehighupfrontcostofgeothermalprojects,whichcanbeabarriertoentryforsmall-scaledevelopers.Anotherchallengeisthepotentialforenvironmentalimpacts,suchasthereleaseofgreenh