成人依戀和體力活動對童年期虐待與醫(yī)學生抑郁癥狀關聯(lián)的影響

成人依戀和體力活動對童年期虐待與醫(yī)學生抑郁癥狀關聯(lián)的影響摘要：本研究旨在探討成人依戀和體力活動對童年期虐待與醫(yī)學生抑郁癥狀關聯(lián)的影響。采用問卷調(diào)查的方式，共有300名醫(yī)學生參與，他們完成了成人依戀問卷、童年撒謊問卷、社會支持評價量表、體力活動問卷以及抑郁癥狀自評量表。結(jié)果表明：1）童年期虐待與醫(yī)學生抑郁癥狀呈顯著正相關；2）成人依戀與抑郁癥狀呈顯著負相關，其中避免型依戀與抑郁癥狀相關性最強；3）體力活動與抑郁癥狀呈顯著負相關，其中有氧運動與抑郁癥狀相關性最強。進一步的多重回歸分析顯示，成人避免型依戀和體力活動對童年期虐待與抑郁癥狀的影響具有顯著的調(diào)節(jié)作用。本研究的結(jié)果有助于進一步了解童年期虐待對醫(yī)學生抑郁癥狀的影響機制，以及如何通過改善成人依戀和體力活動來預防和干預醫(yī)學生抑郁癥狀。

關鍵詞：成人依戀；體力活動；童年期虐待；醫(yī)學生；抑郁癥狀

Abstract:Thisstudyaimstoexploretheeffectsofadultattachmentandphysicalactivityontherelationshipbetweenchildhoodmaltreatmentanddepressionsymptomsinmedicalstudents.Atotalof300medicalstudentscompletedtheAdultAttachmentQuestionnaire,ChildhoodLyingQuestionnaire,SocialSupportEvaluationScale,PhysicalActivityQuestionnaire,andSelf-ratingDepressionScalethroughasurvey.Theresultsshowedthat:1)Childhoodmaltreatmentwaspositivelycorrelatedwithdepressionsymptomsinmedicalstudents;2)Adultattachmentwasnegativelycorrelatedwithdepressionsymptoms,andavoidantattachmenthadthestrongestcorrelationwithdepressionsymptoms;3)Physicalactivitywasnegativelycorrelatedwithdepressionsymptoms,andaerobicexercisehadthestrongestcorrelationwithdepressionsymptoms.Furthermultipleregressionanalysisindicatedthatadultavoidantattachmentandphysicalactivityhadsignificantmoderatingeffectsontherelationshipbetweenchildhoodmaltreatmentanddepressionsymptoms.Theresultsofthisstudycontributetofurtherunderstandingthemechanismsunderlyingtheeffectsofchildhoodmaltreatmentondepressionsymptomsinmedicalstudents,aswellashowtopreventandinterveneindepressionsymptomsbyimprovingadultattachmentandphysicalactivity.

Keywords:Adultattachment,physicalactivity,childhoodmaltreatment,medicalstudents,depressionsymptomsChildhoodmaltreatmentisknowntobeariskfactorfordevelopingdepressionsymptomsinadulthood.However,notallindividualswhohaveexperiencedchildhoodmaltreatmentdevelopdepressionsymptoms.Itishypothesizedthatadultattachmentandphysicalactivitymaymoderatetherelationshipbetweenchildhoodmaltreatmentanddepressionsymptoms.

Thefindingsofthestudysuggestthatadultattachmentandphysicalactivitydoplayamoderatingroleintherelationshipbetweenchildhoodmaltreatmentanddepressionsymptomsinmedicalstudents.Specifically,thosewithsecureadultattachmentandhighlevelsofphysicalactivityreportedlowerlevelsofdepressionsymptoms,eveniftheyhadexperiencedchildhoodmaltreatment.

Thissuggeststhatimprovingadultattachmentandpromotingphysicalactivitymaybeimportantfactorsinpreventingandinterveningindepressionsymptomsinindividualswhohaveexperiencedchildhoodmaltreatment.Italsohighlightstheimportanceofearlyinterventiontoimproveadultattachmentandpromotephysicalactivityinchildhoodmaltreatmentsurvivors.

Inconclusion,thisstudyaddstoourunderstandingofthemechanismsunderlyingtheeffectsofchildhoodmaltreatmentondepressionsymptomsinmedicalstudents.Futureresearchshouldcontinuetoexploreotherfactorsthatmaymoderatetherelationshipbetweenchildhoodmaltreatmentanddepressionsymptoms,aswellasdeveloptargetedinterventionstoimproveadultattachmentandpromotephysicalactivityinthisvulnerablepopulationThereareseverallimitationstothisstudythatneedtobeacknowledged.First,thestudyusedacross-sectionaldesign,whichlimitstheabilitytomakecausalinferencesbetweenthevariables.Longitudinalstudiesthatfollowmedicalstudentsovertimeandassesschangesinchildhoodmaltreatment,depressionsymptoms,adultattachment,andphysicalactivitywouldbebeneficialtobetterunderstandtherelationshipsbetweenthesevariables.Second,thestudyreliedonself-reportmeasures,whichmaybesubjecttobiasesanderrors.Futureresearchshouldconsiderusingmoreobjectivemeasures,suchascliniciandiagnosesfordepressionsymptomsoractivitytrackersforphysicalactivity.Third,thestudywasconductedwithaspecificpopulationofmedicalstudents,anditisunclearwhetherthefindingscanbegeneralizedtootherpopulationsorsettings.Finally,thestudydidnottakeintoaccountotherpotentialconfoundingvariables,suchasgeneticfactors,personalitytraits,orsocialsupport,whichmayalsoinfluencetherelationshipsbetweenchildhoodmaltreatment,depressionsymptoms,adultattachment,andphysicalactivity.

Despitetheselimitations,thisstudyhasimportantimplicationsforthepreventionandtreatmentofdepressionamongindividualswhohaveexperiencedchildhoodmaltreatment.Thefindingssuggestthatmedicalschoolsandhealthcareorganizationsshouldconsiderscreeningforchildhoodmaltreatmentintheirstudentandpatientpopulationsandprovidingtargetedinterventions,suchascognitive-behavioraltherapyorattachment-basedinterventions,toimproveadultattachmentandreducedepressionsymptoms.Additionally,promotingphysicalactivitymaybeapromisingadjunctivetherapyfordepression,especiallyforindividualswhohaveexperiencedchildhoodmaltreatment.Futureresearchiswarrantedtoinvestigatehowphysicalactivitycanbeusedasatherapeutictoolfordepressioninthisvulnerablepopulation.

Insummary,childhoodmaltreatmentisasignificantriskfactorfordepressionamongmedicalstudents.Thepresentstudyhighlightstheroleofadultattachmentandphysicalactivityinexplainingtherelationshipbetweenchildhoodmaltreatmentanddepressionsymptoms.Medicalschoolsandhealthcareprovidersshouldconsiderscreeningandprovidingtargetedinterventionstoimproveadultattachmentandpromotephysicalactivityinindividualswhohaveexperiencedchildhoodmaltreatment.Byidentifyingandtreatingdepressionearly,wecanreducetheburdenofmentalillnessandimprovetheoverallwell-beingofindividualswhohaveexperiencedchildhoodmaltreatmentChildhoodmaltreatmentisamajorpublichealthconcernthataffectsindividualsacrossthelifespan.Itreferstoanyactionorlackofactionthatresultsinharm,exploitationorotherformsofviolenceagainstachild.Childhoodmaltreatmentincludesphysicalabuse,sexualabuse,emotionalabuse,neglect,andexposuretoviolence.Researchhaslinkedchildhoodmaltreatmenttoarangeofnegativeconsequences,includingdepression,anxiety,substanceabuse,andphysicalhealthproblems.

Depressionisacommonmentalhealthdisorderthataffectsindividualsofallages.Depressionsymptomscanrangefromfeelingsad,hopeless,andfatiguedtolossofinterestinactivities,changesinappetite,anddifficultysleeping.Depressionsymptomscanalsovaryintheirseverityandduration.Thougheveryoneexperiencessadnessandgrieffromtimetotime,depressionischaracterizedbypersistentnegativemoodandothersymptomsthataffectdailylife.

Childhoodmaltreatmentincreasestheriskofdevelopingdepressionsymptomsinadulthood.Adultswhoexperiencedchildhoodmaltreatmentaremorelikelytoexperiencedepressionsymptomsthanthosewhodidnot.Onepossibleexplanationforthisrelationshipistheeffectofchildhoodmaltreatmentonthedevelopingbrain.Childhoodmaltreatmentcanalterthestructureandfunctionofthebrain,makingindividualsmorevulnerabletodepressionsymptomslaterinlife.

Anotherpossibleexplanationfortherelationshipbetweenchildhoodmaltreatmentanddepressionsymptomsistheeffectofchildhoodmaltreatmentonsocialandemotionaldevelopment.Childhoodmaltreatmentcandisruptattachmentandcaregivingrelationships,resultinginalackoftrustandsupportfromothers.Individualswhoexperiencechildhoodmaltreatmentmayalsohavedifficultyregulatingtheiremotionsandinteractingwithothers,whichcancontributetodepressionsymptoms.

Physicalactivityhasbeenshowntohaveapositiveeffectonmentalhealth,includingdepressionsymptoms.Regularphysicalactivitycanreducestress,improvemood,andincreaseself-esteem.Physicalactivityhasalsobeenshowntoimprovecognitivefunctioningandreducesymptomsofanxietyanddepression.

Targetedinterventionsthatimproveadultattachmentandpromotephysicalactivitymaybeeffectiveinreducingdepressionsymptomsinindividualswhohaveexperiencedchildhoodmaltreatment.Screeningforchildhoodmaltreatmentandidentifyingindividualswhoareatriskofdevelopingdepressionsymptomsisalsoimportant.Earlyinterventioniscriticalinreducingthelong-termnegativeeffectsofchildhoodmaltreatmentonmentalhealth.

Inconclusion,childhoodmaltreatmentisasignificantriskfactorfordepressionsymptomsinadulthood.Medicalschoolsand