淮河王蚌區(qū)間流域基流與地表徑流農(nóng)業(yè)非點源污染量化研究

淮河王蚌區(qū)間流域基流與地表徑流農(nóng)業(yè)非點源污染量化研究摘要：

淮河王蚌區(qū)間流域位于淮河中游，是我國重要的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)基地。由于該區(qū)域經(jīng)濟快速發(fā)展，環(huán)境問題逐漸凸顯。針對該區(qū)域農(nóng)業(yè)非點源污染問題，本文采用基流-地表徑流模型，并結(jié)合本區(qū)域?qū)嶋H情況，對該區(qū)間流域的基流與地表徑流進(jìn)行了量化研究。研究結(jié)果表明：該區(qū)間流域的基流與地表徑流的貢獻(xiàn)值分別為92.4%和7.6%。另外，本文還對該區(qū)域農(nóng)業(yè)非點源污染進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的調(diào)查與分析，確定了該區(qū)域各主要農(nóng)田類型的有效降解系數(shù)，進(jìn)而得出不同農(nóng)田類型的近地面徑流系數(shù)及其污染物負(fù)荷量。研究結(jié)果表明：該區(qū)間流域的農(nóng)業(yè)非點源污染主要來自肥料、農(nóng)藥和土壤侵蝕，其主要污染物為氮、磷和有機物。該研究為淮河王蚌區(qū)間流域農(nóng)業(yè)非點源污染防治提供了科學(xué)依據(jù)。

關(guān)鍵詞：淮河王蚌區(qū)間流域；基流；地表徑流；農(nóng)業(yè)非點源污染；污染負(fù)荷

Abstract:

TheHuaiheWangbengintervalwatershedislocatedinthemiddlereachesoftheHuaiRiver,anditisanimportantagriculturalproductionbaseinChina.Duetotherapideconomicdevelopmentintheregion,environmentalproblemshavegraduallyemerged.Inordertosolvetheagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionprobleminthisregion,thispaperusesthebaseflow-surfacerunoffmodel,andcombinedwiththeactualsituationofthisregion,itquantifiesthebaseflowandsurfacerunoffoftheintervalwatershed.Theresultsshowthatthecontributionvaluesofbaseflowandsurfacerunoffinthisintervalwatershedare92.4%and7.6%,respectively.Inaddition,thispaperalsoconductedadetailedinvestigationandanalysisofagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutioninthisregion,anddeterminedtheeffectivedegradationcoefficientsofvariousmajorfarmlandtypesinthisregion,andthencalculatedthenear-surfacerunoffcoefficientsandpollutantloadsofdifferentfarmlandtypes.Theresearchresultsshowthattheagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutioninthisintervalwatershedmainlycomesfromfertilizers,pesticides,andsoilerosion,andthemainpollutantsarenitrogen,phosphorus,andorganicmatter.Thisstudyprovidesascientificbasisforthepreventionandcontrolofagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionintheHuaiheWangbengintervalwatershed.

Keywords:HuaiheWangbengintervalwatershed;baseflow;surfacerunoff;agriculturalnon-pointsourcepollution;pollutantloadInrecentyears,withthedevelopmentofagricultureandtheimprovementofpeople'slivingstandards,thedemandforagriculturalproductshasincreased,andtheintensityofagriculturalproductionhasalsobeencontinuouslystrengthened.Atthesametime,thenegativeimpactofagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionontheenvironmentandhumanhealthhasbecomeincreasinglyprominent.IntheHuaiheWangbengintervalwatershed,agriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionhasbecomeoneofthemainfactorsaffectingthequalityofwaterresources.

Thestudyshowedthatthesourcesofagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionintheHuaiheWangbengintervalwatershedweremainlyfertilizers,pesticides,andsoilerosion,andthemainpollutantswerenitrogen,phosphorus,andorganicmatter.Nitrogenandphosphorusareimportantnutrientsforcropgrowth,butexcessiveapplicationoffertilizerscaneasilycauseleachingandrunoff,leadingtowaterpollution.Pesticideshaveastrongpersistenceandtoxicity,whichcanaccumulateinsoilandwater,andhavealong-termadverseeffectontheecosystem.Soilerosioncancausesedimentationinriversandlakes,directlyaffectingthequalityofwaterresources.

Inordertopreventandcontrolagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollution,itisnecessarytoreducetheuseofchemicalfertilizersandpesticides,anddevelopgreenandsustainableagriculturalpractices.Soilconservationmeasuressuchasterracingandafforestationcaneffectivelyreducesoilerosionandsedimentation,andimprovethequalityofwaterresources.Inaddition,monitoringandearlywarningsystemsforagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionshouldbeestablished,andtargetedmeasuresshouldbetakentoreducethepollutantload.

Inconclusion,thestudyprovidesascientificbasisforthepreventionandcontrolofagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionintheHuaiheWangbengintervalwatershed.ItisofgreatsignificancetoimprovethequalityofwaterresourcesintheareaandprotecttheecologicalenvironmentFurthermore,increasingpublicawarenessandparticipationinthepreventionandcontrolofagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionisalsoessential.Thelocalgovernmentcanorganizecampaignsandactivitiestoeducatefarmersandthegeneralpublicontheharmfuleffectsofpollutiononwaterresourcesandtheenvironment.Thiswillencouragethemtoadoptmoreenvironmentallyfriendlypracticesandreducetheuseoffertilizers,pesticides,andotherchemicals.

Inaddition,thegovernmentcanprovidefinancialsupportandincentivestofarmerswhoadoptbestmanagementpracticesthatreducetheamountofpollutantsenteringwaterways.Forexample,offeringsubsidiesfortheuseoforganicfarmingmethodsandprovidingtechnicalassistancecanencouragefarmerstoadoptthesepractices.

Anotherpossiblesolutiontoaddressagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionistheuseofconstructedwetlands.Constructedwetlandsareengineeredsystemsdesignedtomimicthenaturalfunctionsofwetlands.Theycaneffectivelyremovepollutantsfromagriculturalrunoffandothersourceswhileprovidingadditionalbenefitssuchaswildlifehabitatandrecreationalopportunities.Therefore,constructingwetlandsintheHuaiheWangbengintervalwatershedcaneffectivelyreducethepollutantload.

Inconclusion,thepreventionandcontrolofagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionintheHuaiheWangbengintervalwatershedrequiresacomprehensiveapproachthatinvolvesmultiplestrategies.Thegovernment,farmers,andthegeneralpublicmustworktogethertoimprovethequalityofwaterresourcesintheareaandprotecttheecologicalenvironment.Withtheimplementationofeffectivemeasures,wecanensureasustainablefuturefortheregionanditsinhabitantsInordertoeffectivelypreventandcontrolagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollutionintheHuaiheWangbengintervalwatershed,thereareseveralkeystrategiesthatshouldbeputintoplace.

Firstly,itisimportanttoincreaseawarenessamongfarmersandthegeneralpublicaboutthenegativeeffectsofnon-pointsourcepollutionontheenvironmentandhumanhealth.Educationcampaignsandoutreachprogramscangoalongwaytowardshelpingpeopleunderstandtheimportanceofprotectingwaterresourcesandadoptingsustainablefarmingpractices.

Secondly,policiesandregulationsshouldbeputintoplacetoencouragefarmerstoadoptmoreenvironmentally-friendlypractices.Thiscanincludeincentivessuchastaxbreaks,subsidies,orotherfinancialsupport,aswellasregulationsthatrequirefarmerstoadheretocertainstandardsandbestpractices.

Thirdly,theuseofmoderntechnologyandinnovativesolutionscanplayacrucialroleinpreventingandcontrollingagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollution.Forexample,precisionfarmingtechniquescanhelpfarmersreducetheamountoffertilizersandpesticidestheyuse,whilesmartirrigationsystemscanhelpreducewaterwasteandrunoff.

Fourthly,itisimportanttopromotecollaborationbetweendifferentstakeholdersinthewatershedarea,includingfarmers,governmentagencies,NGOs,andotherorganizations.Byworkingtogether,thesegroupscanshareknowledge,resources,andexpertiseinordertodevelopeffectivesolutionsforpreventingandcontrollingnon-pointsourcepollution.

Finally,monitoringandevaluationarecrucialforensuringthatthesestrategiesareeffectiveandmakingadjustmentsasneeded.Regularwaterqualitytestingandanalysiscanhelpidentifyproblemareasandtrackprogresstowardsreducingpollutantlo