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ⅢReadingComprehension40minutesSectionAAratorpigeon[d?n]鴿子notbeobviouschoicetendtoistheseKsuperiorskillscouldhelptheofhumanseendirtyanurbanD,butaretheinlonglineanimalsbeentoDespitehavingbrainthanMtipyourindexfinger食指pigeonshavea29visualRecentlyitwasthattheybetrainedbeaccurate??kjrt]確的asatdetecting（探測(cè)，檢查）（部）cancerin（影像）.RatsareAassociatedwithspreadingdiseaseratherthan31Fit,long-tailedishighly32Hsensitive.Insiderat'sare1,000typesofolfactory嗅感受器)humansonlytypes.ThisgivesabilitydetectIslightratsbeingputtoworktodetectTB(結(jié)核Whentheratsdetectsmell,stoprub（擦，摩擦）theirto34indicateasampleisinfected.Traditionally,ahundredsampleswouldtechniciansthantwo,forratitlessThisratdetectiondoesn'trelyonspecialistItalsomore—theratsabletofindmoreTBinfectionstherefore,more一老鼠或鴿子可能不是照顧生病的人的明顯選擇，但這些生物擁有大約的高級(jí)技能，可以幫助治療人類(lèi)疾病。鴿子通常被視為骯臟的鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)和城市的滋擾，但它們只是最近發(fā)現(xiàn)的一長(zhǎng)串動(dòng)物，有能力幫助人。盡管有大腦不大于米的食指尖，鴿子有一個(gè)非常令人印象深刻的視覺(jué)記憶。最近的研究表明，他們以被訓(xùn)練得和人類(lèi)一樣精確地在圖像中檢測(cè)乳房。大鼠通常與傳播疾病有關(guān)，而不是阻礙，但這種長(zhǎng)尾動(dòng)物高度敏感。在老鼠的鼻子里有多達(dá)1種不同類(lèi)型的奧爾法而人類(lèi)只有到種類(lèi)型。這使大鼠有力檢測(cè)出輕微的氣味。結(jié)果，一些老鼠被投入到檢測(cè)結(jié)核病(肺結(jié)核的工作。當(dāng)老鼠發(fā)現(xiàn)了氣味，他們停下來(lái)，把腿摩擦，表明樣本被感了。傳統(tǒng)上一個(gè)樣本需要實(shí)驗(yàn)室技術(shù)人員兩天以上的時(shí)間來(lái)進(jìn)行檢測(cè)對(duì)于一只老鼠它需時(shí)間不到分鐘這老鼠檢測(cè)方法不依賴(lài)專(zhuān)家裝備這也是更準(zhǔn)確-老鼠能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)更多的結(jié)核感染因此拯救更多的生命。SectionExamsMakeStudents在課堂上考試使學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)更努嗎？suggeststheymorebroadly（完全地大上）fortheunexpectedratherfor研究表明，他們可能會(huì)研究更廣泛，以尋找意想不到的答案，而不是尋找答案。我一直是個(gè)很的應(yīng)試者。所以我回來(lái)了可能有點(diǎn)奇怪Itest-taker.SoitseemratherstrangethatItocollegetofinish（省略了that定語(yǔ)從句）IleftundonesomefourdecadesIammakingthroughColumbiaUniversity,bystudentswhoquicklysupplyverbal言的;口頭的answerwhileamstillprocessing[?（過(guò)程工序vt.加;處理）question.一直是個(gè)很差的考生。因此，我回到大學(xué)完成了40年前未完成學(xué)位，這似乎有點(diǎn)奇怪。我要通過(guò)哥倫比亞大學(xué)在我還在處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題的時(shí)候，學(xué)生們迅速地提供了口的答案。40[B]therenowayavoidIam（前，目）whatkind（繁重的，費(fèi)力的）andIhave（流汗；做苦工）throughnumerous[?nju:mrs]in-classmidtermsandIawho（布）Iwasexcited1

Ilearnedthis,（出）Iafullreaditallup.InImidtermtheitdue（有權(quán);應(yīng)得到的東;）TosayIisitmildly.由我沒(méi)有辦法避免考試，我目前在質(zhì)疑哪種考試最費(fèi)錢(qián)，最終是有益的。我經(jīng)在無(wú)數(shù)的期中和期末考試中汗流浹背?，F(xiàn)我有一位教負(fù)責(zé)給我?guī)Щ丶?。?dāng)我學(xué)到這個(gè)的時(shí)候，我很興奮，我想我有整整一周的時(shí)間來(lái)做研究，閱讀課文，然后把它全部寫(xiě)出來(lái)。事實(shí)上，我還在在我期中考試即將到來(lái)的那一天。我把線(xiàn)弄丟了，這是溫和的說(shuō)法。38[C]Ithroughmyanxiety,overthinkingmaterial控制控力能力所及）ofIofmypolling對(duì)…進(jìn)行調(diào)查）amongstudentsteachesapopularclassU.S.presidentsatin-class（樣化）HebelieveslearnmoreandencouragesthemtoformThattheysocializehistoryoutsidetheclass,whichwouldnhappenwithoutthepressureofin-claexam,‖heexplained,Furthermore,inforcestudentslearnhowtoperformunderpressure,andessentialwork‖我歷了一周的焦慮，過(guò)度思考和猜測(cè)我對(duì)它的掌握時(shí)，我在學(xué)生和教授中做了一些自己的調(diào)查。大艾巴赫，教流行音在哥倫比亞大學(xué)的美國(guó)總統(tǒng)的班級(jí)，更喜歡課堂上的各.。他相信學(xué)生最終會(huì)學(xué)到更多的東西并鼓勵(lì)他們組成學(xué)習(xí)小組。這樣，他們就可以在歷史上進(jìn)行社交活動(dòng)了。他釋道：課堂考試沒(méi)有壓力，課堂考試就不會(huì)發(fā)生，而且，課堂試迫使學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)如何在壓力下表演，以及基本的滑雪作業(yè)。39[D]Healsotherechanceofcheatingwiththein-classInwereupinascandalitdiscoveredtheyhadontake-homeexamforaclassentitledIntroductionToCongress.‖Somecollegestheycallhonorcode,‖thoughifyouaresmartenoughtointotheseschools,youaresmart）any（行準(zhǔn)則;代碼）ortooethical[θkl]（道德的）toso.AsIsatblocked（封的）andclueless（能的）fortwosolid[?sld]固體的實(shí)心的;結(jié)實(shí)的，可靠的）days,Imomentarily?m??ntrli]（馬上）wonderedifIcouldnjustcallanthesubjectmatterwhichIwastackling（解決）ortookthepreviously,me他還說(shuō)，在課堂上作弊的可能性較小2012125名佛學(xué)生被發(fā)現(xiàn)在一次帶回家的考試中作弊而入了一樁丑聞。題國(guó)會(huì)簡(jiǎn)介‖班級(jí)有大學(xué)有他們所謂榮守‖如你足夠聰明進(jìn)入些學(xué)校你要么聰明到可以繞過(guò)任何一所學(xué)校?；蛘咄翘赖?，不能考慮這么做。當(dāng)我坐在那里呆了兩天，毫無(wú)頭緒的時(shí)候，我突然想，如果我不能找一個(gè)專(zhuān)家來(lái)研究我所做的事情，我會(huì)不會(huì)感到困惑？或是以前上過(guò)課的人，讓我開(kāi)始課。thescandal,MaryMiller,theformerdean教長(zhǎng)ofatYale,madeanimpassionedappealtoherschool’sprofessorstorefrainfrom（住;制）take-homexams.healthwellaswellperformanceinend-of-work,whenfaculty[?f?klti]能，才能;全體教職員)without‖toldme.Researchnowshowsthatregularquizzes,shortotherovercourseofbetterenhanceand[r???n](保;記力).‖哈佛丑聞之后耶魯大學(xué)前系主瑪米勒MaryMiller)強(qiáng)烈呼吁該校教授們不要參加磨練考試。學(xué)生的健康和健康受到威脅。她我說(shuō)：除在其他期末工作中的表現(xiàn)外，教師們還會(huì)在沒(méi)有明確、有時(shí)間限制的情況下提供帶回家的考試?！F(xiàn)的研究表明定期的測(cè)驗(yàn)，短文以及其他學(xué)期的作業(yè)，更能加強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)和留用。43[F]professorsagreethekindoftheychoosedependsontheAone,forexample,behome,couldolderbrotherssisterstohelp.classes,orjournalism[:nlz新聞學(xué);新聞工作ontheareoftenresearch-oriented(定的andlendthemselvestotake-testing.ChrisKoch,teachesHistoryofBroadcastJournalism‖CommunityCollegeinRockville,Maryland,poinoutthataboutratherthanthememorizationofminutedetails.field,it’syouknow—it’swhatyouknowhowtofindout,‖saysKoch.Thereiswaymuchinformation,andmoreallthetime,fortoremember.Imysearchoutthebyusingalltheavailablethem.大多數(shù)大學(xué)教授都認(rèn)為他們選擇的考試類(lèi)型主要取決于這門(mén)學(xué)科。例如，一個(gè)基于數(shù)量的方法不太可能被送回家，在那里你可以問(wèn)們的哥哥們。和姐妹們一起幫忙。另一方面，職業(yè)類(lèi)課程，如計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)或新聞學(xué)，往往更注重研究，并適合帶回家進(jìn)行測(cè)試?？死锼箍?，世衛(wèi)組織Teac馬蘭州羅克維爾蒙哥馬利社區(qū)學(xué)院的播新聞‖出，報(bào)道是關(guān)于調(diào)查的，而不是對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的記憶。在我的小說(shuō)科說(shuō)：事上不是你所知道的--而是你知道如何發(fā)現(xiàn)‖。有太多的信，2

而且越來(lái)越多的時(shí)刻到來(lái)，任何人都無(wú)法記住。我要我的學(xué)生去找他用所有可用的資源來(lái)回答題。42[G]Studentstestvary,too,onandcoursepreferessaysbecauseitisreallythewriting,soyouhavetoedit?ed?t](編;校訂domoreresearch,‖saysElizabethDresser,ajunioratBarnard.Thenthereisthestressfactor.FrancescaHaass,asenioratMiddlebury,says,theonesarestressfulinshortterm,thereisimmediateyou（吞，忍受）informationlikeandyougetforgetitall.Take-homesrequireengagementwhichcanleadtolongertermstressasthereisneveramomentwhenthetimeisup.‖Meanwhile,OliviaRubin,sophomore[?s?fmathomestrueexams.youunderstandmaterialandhavetheability說(shuō)出yourshouldbe[bri:z]（微;輕易舉的事.‖生的考試形式偏好也各不相同，往往取決于科目和課程難度。歡帶回家的文章，因?yàn)樗鼘?shí)際上是關(guān)于寫(xiě)作的，所以你有時(shí)間來(lái)編輯和做。的研究‖Barnard的一名三年學(xué)生伊麗莎白德塞爾說(shuō)。還壓力因素。米德?tīng)柌锏拇笏膶W(xué)生弗朗西絲卡哈斯說(shuō)：現(xiàn)課堂上的學(xué)生在短期內(nèi)壓力更大。術(shù)，但是當(dāng)你像瘋了一樣吞下信息，你就會(huì)立刻得到解脫，然后你就會(huì)忘記它。帶回家需要深思熟慮的參與，這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致長(zhǎng)期壓力，因有新的。等間到了同時(shí)埃里大學(xué)年級(jí)的奧利維亞魯(表示她甚至幾乎不考慮參加真正的考試果你了解材料，并且有發(fā)音的能力(說(shuō)出你的想法，該是輕而易舉的41[H]ultimatelystressmayarealwaysuntilanditharderitneedsAndthenthosewho,knowingwhatarecomingthem,andnoresourcescanAndthentherearewe?folks['fks]（們家）fitboththose學(xué)最終如何處理壓力可能取決于他們的個(gè)人應(yīng)試能力。有些人總是等到最后一刻，使事情變得比實(shí)際需要困難得多。然后在里，那些不知道有什么問(wèn)在向他們提出，而且沒(méi)有資源可供參考的人，可以?xún)鼋Y(jié)。然后，我們也有罕見(jiàn)的人，他們符合這兩種描述。myadvancedage（vt.把因素包進(jìn)去）into[kwe?(式)inbecauseinabilitytoaccesstheinformationasatColumbia,toldme,arelearningnotonlyalltinformation,essentiallyhowtoagain.Ourfellow（伴;男adj.同伴;同事的）comeofAlotchangedwelastinschool‖的我的高齡必須考慮到方程式(等式，部分原因是我無(wú)法快速地獲取這些信息。作為哥倫比亞大學(xué)的另一名返校學(xué)生，凱馬告訴我：利亞。不是這些信息，而且本質(zhì)上是如何重新學(xué)習(xí)。我們的同學(xué)剛從高中畢業(yè)自從我們上一次上一所學(xué)校以來(lái)，已經(jīng)發(fā)生了很多變化。Ifnothingelse,hasmyandtoshare,opinionthismatter,heresponded,inexamstheopposedtousingmyathomeworka‖heresponded.Itseemstothatawouldbereceivingexamquestionsaortwoinadvance,thendoingtheactualinclasstheticking（發(fā)出滴答;如果沒(méi)有其他的事，情況已經(jīng)給我上大學(xué)的兒子和我分享的東西，當(dāng)我問(wèn)他對(duì)這件事的，看來(lái)他回答說(shuō)：在課堂考試，因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)預(yù)留了時(shí)間，為他答：對(duì)利用我在家的空閑時(shí)間去做一個(gè)測(cè)試?！铱磥?lái)，妥協(xié)的辦法是提前一兩天收到考題，然后再做實(shí)際的測(cè)試。把倒計(jì)時(shí)的鐘記在頭頂上。[K]yet,whatHunterprofessordidforherencouragethenottostressorevenstudy,promisingthat,isgoingbeapieceofcake.‖Whenthestudentscamepencilshand,wasnotaintheysawalargeandtheywere更好的是據(jù)道一位亨特學(xué)院教授近為期末考試做了什么鼓勵(lì)全班學(xué)生不要有壓力甚至不學(xué)習(xí)，并承諾說(shuō)是每一級(jí)學(xué)生。阿克生們進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)，手里拿著鉛筆，眼前看不到一藍(lán)色的書(shū)。相反，他們看到了一個(gè)巨大的巧克力蛋糕，他們每人都得到了一片。36.Elderly[?eldli]較老的findithardwiththein37.examsstudents'fessorsin-areultimately[lt?tli]最后morestudents.39.In-classbelieveddiscouragecheatinginexams.40.happylearncouldat41.putoffuntilfindmorethantheyare.3

42.maydifferent43.Mostwhethertogivein-classatake-homeexamdependsontypebeing44.of退學(xué)collegesomefortyyearsago.45.thinktake-homewilleatSectionCPassageQuestionsandonfollowingpassage.Thatpeopleoftentroubleinadifferentinunfamiliaraphenomenonknownasthenight‖effect.Ifapersonstaysinthefollowingnighttendsleepmoresoundly.YukahercolleaguesatBrownsetoutinvestigatethisDr.Sasakiknewfirst-nighthaswithhowhumansbenefitwouldgainedfromitwhenperformanceaffectedthefollowingSheknewfromworkthatanimalsofsothatwhileavoid(捕食者ledhertowonderifpeoplemightbesamething.acloserherteamstudied35healthypeopletheyslepttheunfamiliarenvironmentofuniversity’sDepartmentofPsychologicaleachinthedepartmentforandwerewiththatlookedattheactivityofDr.expected,sleptwellfirstnightthantheyonsecond,takingthanlongandsleepingsleep,theparticipants’brainsbehavedinasimilarmannerseeninbirdsanddolphins.thefirstnightonly,thelefthemispheres半球theirdidnotsleepnearlyashemispheresifthelefthemispheresindeedawaketoprocessinformationinsurroundingDr.re-ranthethewithmixofregularlybeeps(蜂聲sametoneandirregularadifferenttonethenight.that,iflefthemispheretoguardinstrangethenitirregularbeepsstirringfromandwouldignoretheregularlytimedpreciselywhatshefound.46.Whatdidfindpuzzlingaboutfirst-nightA)Towhatextentitcantroublepeople.C)WhattriggerB)Whatitinevolution.D)whatwayitcanbeneficial.47.WhatDr.Yukaherresearch?A)ShefoundbirdswhileB)foundbirdsandsleepinmuchsameway.ShegotsomefrompreviousstudiesonbirdsanddolphinsD)Sheconductedstudiesonbirds’anddolphinssleepingpatterns.48.WhatdiddowhenfirstdidherA)Shemonitoredactivityofparticipantssleepinginenvironment.B)35herDepartmentC)Shestudiedthedifferencesbetweenthetwosidesofparticipantsbrains.D)Sheherfindingson49.WhatdiddowhenherA)ShenegativeeffectofirregularB)Sherecordedparticipants’adaptationtoenvironment.Sheexposedherdifferentstimuli.D)Sheofdifferentparticipants.50.WhatdidfindaboutinA)tendedtothanothers.B)toirregularbeepsasa4

Theyfeltsleepyregularbeeps.D)differedintolerancePassageQuestionsarefollowingpassage.’sreevaluatehowwomenhandleconflictatwork.Beinoverworkedorover-committedatandthejobwillnotgetyouyouinItwillonlyslowcareergoals.Didyouknowareexhausted?Nearlytwicewomenthanages18-reportedfeelingtired‖or‖,accordingtorecentThismaynotsurprisinggiventhisisrangewomenhaveIt'salsotherangewomentryingtobalanceandwomenisthattheyhaveahardtimewantbeabletodoitallvolunteerforschoolpartiescookanswertoanyrequestoftenIcan.‖Womenstruggletosayintheworkplaceforsimilarreasons,thetobebyUnfortunately,thissay"no"behurtingheathwellascareer.Attheuseconflictawaytopositionwhilewomenavoidorstrivetobethepeacemaker,becausetheydon'twanttobeviewedasaggressivedisruptivework.Forexample,there’satoinbethefixit.Menarethatdisputefromperspectivewhatwhereaswomenmayapproachthesamefromtheofwhat'seasiestandwayproblem-evenifthatdoingtheworkthemselves.ThisdifferenceinconflictcouldbetheonwhoadoesLeadershavedelegatemanagestaffShoulderingworkloadearnyouthatpromotion.ityourinabilitydelegateeffectively.51.Whatdoesthesayisproblemwithwomen?A)unclearabouttheB)