2019年江蘇高考英語(yǔ)試題及解析

構(gòu)思新穎，品質(zhì)一流，適合各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，謝謝采納

2019年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（江蘇卷）

英語(yǔ)

第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分20分)

第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分)

聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳

選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下

一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。

1.Whattimeisitnow?

A.9:10.B.9:50.C.10:00.

2.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheweather?

A.It’snice.B.It’swarm.C.It’scold.

3.Whatwillthemando?

A.Attendameeting.B.Givealecture.C.Leavehisoffice.

4.Whatisthewoman’sopinionaboutthecourse?

A.Toohard.B.Worthtaking.C.Veryeasy.

5.Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo?

A.Speaklouder.B.Apologizetoher.C.Turnofftheradio.

第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)

聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選

項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小

題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.HowlongdidMichaelstayinChina?

A.Fivedays.B.Oneweek.C.Twoweeks.

7.WheredidMichaelgolastyear?

A.Russia.B.Norway.C.India.

聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。

8.WhatfooddoesSallylike?

A.Chicken.B.Fish.C.Eggs.

9.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodo?

A.Cookdinner.B.Goshopping.C.Orderdishes.

聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。

10.Wherearethespeakers?

構(gòu)思新穎，品質(zhì)一流，適合各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，謝謝采納

A.Inahospital.B.Intheoffice.C.Athome.

11.Whenisthereportdue?

A.Thursday.B.Friday.C.NextMonday.

12.WhatdoesGeorgesuggestStephaniedowiththereport?

A.Improveit.B.Handitinlater.C.Leaveitwithhim.

聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。

13.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Salespersonandcustomer.B.Homeownerandcleaner.C.Husbandandwife.

14.Whatkindofapartmentdothespeakersprefer?

A.Onewithtwobedrooms.B.Onewithoutfurniture.C.Onenearamarket.

15.Howmuchrentshouldonepayfortheonebedroomapartment?

A.＄350.B.＄400.C.＄415.

16.Whereistheapartmentthespeakerswouldliketosee?

A.OnLakeStreet.B.OnMarketStreet.C.OnSouthStreet.

聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。

17.Whatpercentageoftheworld’steaexportsgotoBritain?

A.Almost15%.B.About30%.C.Over40%.

18.Whydoteatasterstasteteawithmilk?

A.MostBritishpeopledrinkteathatway.

B.Teatastesmuchbetterwithmilk.C.Teawithmilkishealthy.

19.Whosuggestsapriceforeachtea?

A.Teatasters.B.Teaexporters.C.Teacompanies.

20.Whatisthespeakertalkingabout?

A.Thelifeofteatasters.B.AfternoonteainBritain.C.TheLondonTeaTradeCentre.

第二部分：英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分35分)

第一節(jié)：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)填空(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)

請(qǐng)閱讀下面各題，從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

21.Thenumberofsmokers,_____isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.

A.itB.whichC.whatD.as

22.Schoolsshouldbelivelyplaceswhereindividualsareencouragedto_____totheirgreatest

potential.

A.accelerateB.improveC.performD.develop

23.—Jim,canyouworkthisSunday?

—_______?I’vebeenworkingfortwoweeksonend.

A.WhymeB.WhynotC.WhatifD.Sowhat

構(gòu)思新穎，品質(zhì)一流，適合各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，謝謝采納

24.Muchtime_____sittingatadesk,officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.

A.beingspentB.havingspentC.spentD.spending

25._____LiBai,agreatChinesepoet,wasbornisknowntothepublic,butsomewon’tacceptit.

A.ThatB.WhyC.WhereD.How

26.Itissocoldthatyoucan’tgooutside_____fullycoveredinthickclothes.

A.ifB.unlessC.onceD.when

27.Theuniversitystartedsomenewlanguageprogramsto_____thecountry’sSilkRoadEconomic

Belt.

A.applytoB.caterforC.appealtoD.huntfor

28.Itmighthavesavedmesometrouble______theschedule.

A.didIknowB.haveIknownC.doIknowD.hadIknown

29.Thewholeteam_____CristianoRonaldo,andheseldomletsthemdown.

A.waitonB.focusonC.countonD.callon

30.Therealreasonwhyprices____,andstillare,toohighiscomplex,andnoshortdiscussioncan

satisfactorilyexplainthisproblem.

A.wereB.willbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen

31.Thepoliceofficersdecidedtoconductathoroughand_______reviewofthecase.

A.comprehensiveB.complicatedC.consciousD.crucial

32.Someschoolswillhavetomake______inagreementwiththenationalsoccerreform.

A.judgmentsB.adjustmentsC.commentsD.achievements

33.—Whydidn’tyouinviteJohntoyourbirthdayparty?

—Well,youknowhe’s_______.

A.anearlybirdB.awetblanketC.aluckydogD.atoughnut

34.Manyofthethingswenowbenefitfromwouldnotbearound_______ThomasEdison.

A.thankstoB.regardlessofC.asidefromD.butfor

35.—GoandsaysorrytoyourMom,Dave.

—I’dliketo,butI’mafraidshewon’tbehappywithmy______.

A.requestsB.excusesC.apologiesD.regrets

第二節(jié)：完形填空(共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分)

請(qǐng)閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題

卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

IwasrequiredtoreadoneofBernieSiegel’sbooksincollegeandwashookedonhispositivity

fromthatmomenton.Thestoriesofhisunconventional36andtheexceptionalpatientshewrote

aboutwereso37tomeandhadsuchabig38onhowIsawlifefromthenon.Whoknew

thatsomanyyearslaterIwouldlooktoDr.BernieandhisCDsagainto39myowncancer

構(gòu)思新穎，品質(zhì)一流，適合各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，謝謝采納

experience?

I’manambitious40,andwhenIstartedgoingthroughchemo(化療),eventhoughI’ma

very41person,Ilostmydrivetowrite.Iwasjusttootiredandnotinthe42.Oneday,

whilewaitingtogoinfor43,IhadoneofDr.Bernie’sbooksinmyhand.Anotherpatient44

whatIwasreadingandstruckupaconversationwithme45hehadoneofhisbookswithhimas

well.It46thatamongotherthings,hewasaneighty-year-oldwriter.Hewas47apublished

author,andhewascurrently48onanewbook.

Wewouldseeeachotheratvarioustimesand49friends.Sometimesheworeaduckhat,

andIwouldtellmyself,hewasdefinitelya50ofDr.Bernie.Hereallyputa51onmyface.

Heunfortunately52lastyearduetohiscancer,53heleftadeepimpressiononmeandgave

methe54topickupmypenagain.I55tomyself,“Ifhecandoit,thensocanI.”

36.A.tastesB.ideasC.notesD.memories

37.A.amazingB.shockingC.amusingD.strange

38.A.strikeB.pushC.challengeD.impact

39.A.learnfromB.gooverC.getthroughD.referto

40.A.readerB.writerC.editorD.doctor

41.A.positiveB.agreeableC.humorousD.honest

42.A.moodB.positionC.stateD.way

43.A.adviceB.referenceC.protectionD.treatment

44.A.viewedB.knewC.noticedD.wondered

45.A.whileB.becauseC.althoughD.providing

46.A.cameoutB.workedoutC.provedoutD.turnedout

47.A.naturallyB.merelyC.hopefullyD.actually

48.A.decidingB.investingC.workingD.relying

49.A.becameB.helpedC.missedD.visited

50.A.patientB.operatorC.fanD.publisher

51.A.signB.smileC.markD.mask

52.A.showedupB.setoffC.felldownD.passedaway

53.A.sinceB.butC.soD.for

54.A.guidanceB.trustC.opportunityD.inspiration

55.A.promisedB.sworeC.thoughtD.replied

第三部分：閱讀理解(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)

請(qǐng)閱讀下列短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

VisitorCode

構(gòu)思新穎，品質(zhì)一流，適合各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，謝謝采納

ArrivewithnothingthatcanharmNewZealand

Ifyouarearrivingfromoverseas,bringnofood,animalorplantmaterialintothecountry.Ifin

doubtdeclareittoCustoms.

Protectplantsandanimals

Neverallowdogsorotherpetstorunfreelyinareasofnestingbirds,otherwildlife,orwhere

signposted.

Getridofrubbish

Alwaysgetridofyourrubbishproperlyandrecyclewaste(e.g.,glass,paper)wherepossible.

Beconsideratewithotherwaste

Ifusingaportabletoiletalwaysthrowawayyourtoiletwasteataproperwastestation.Inthe

backcountry,buryyourtoiletwasteinashallowholeawayfromwaterway.

KeepNewZealand’swaterclean

Becausesoapsandotherwastescanharmwaterways,becarefulyourwashingwaterdoesn’t

pollutethesealakesandrivers.

Takecarewithfires

Alwaysobservedistrictfirebans.Becarefulifyousmokeorhaveanoutdoorfireorbarbecue--

makesureashesarecoldbeforeleaving.

Camporpicniccarefully

Whencampingorpicnicking,usefacilitiesprovided.

Keeptothetrack

Keeptothetrack,whereoneexists,soyoulessenthechanceofdamagingfragileplants.

Beconsiderate

Whendriving,minimizenoiseandobservenosmokingsigns.

56.AccordingtotheCode,visitorsshouldact_______.

A.withcareandrespectB.withreliefandpleasure

C.withcautionandcalmnessD.withattentionandobservation

57.WhatareyouencouragedtodowhentravellinginNewZealand?

A.Takeyourowncampingfacilities.

B.Buryglassfarawayfromrivers.

C.Followthetrackforthesakeofplants.

D.Observesignstoapproachnestingbirds.

B

IntheUnitedStatesalone,over100millioncell-phonesarethrownawayeachyear.Cell-phones

arepartofagrowingmountainofelectronicwastelikecomputersandpersonaldigitalassistants.The

electronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfasterthantraditionalgarbageasawhole.

Electronicdevicescontainvaluablemetalssuchasgoldandsilver.ASwissstudyreportedthat

whiletheweightofelectronicgoodsrepresentedbypreciousmetalswasrelativelysmallin

comparisontototalwaste,theconcentration(含量)ofgoldandotherpreciousmetalswashigherin

So-callede-wastethaninnaturallyoccurringminerals.

構(gòu)思新穎，品質(zhì)一流，適合各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，謝謝采納

Electronicwastesalsocontainmanypoisonousmetals.Evenwhenthemachinesarerecycledand

theharmfulmetalsremoved,therecyclingprocessofteniscarriedoutinpoorcountries,inpractically

uncontrolledwayswhichallowmanypoisonoussubstancestoescapeintotheenvironment.

Creatingproductsoutofrawmaterialscreatesmuchmorewastematerial,upto100timesmore,than

thematerialcontainedinthefinishedproducts.Consideragainthecell-phone,andimaginethemines

thatproducedthosemetals,thefactoriesneededtomaketheboxandpackaging(包裝)itcamein.

Manywastesproducedintheproducingprocessareharmfulaswell.

TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencynotesthatmostwasteisdangerousinthat“the

production,distribution,anduseofproducts—aswellasmanagementoftheresultingwaste—all

resultingreenhousegasrelease.”Individualscanreducetheircontributionbycreatinglesswasteat

thestart—forinstance,buyingreusableproductsandrecycling.

Inmanycountriestheconceptofextendedproducerresponsibilityisbeingconsideredorhas

beenputinplaceasanincentive(動(dòng)機(jī))forreducingwaste.Ifproducersarerequiredtotakeback

packagingtheyusetoselltheirproducts,wouldtheyreducethepackaginginthefirstplace?

Governments’incentivetorequireproducerstotakeresponsibilityforthepackagingthey

produceisusuallybasedonmoney.Why,theyask,shouldcitiesortownsberesponsibleforpayingto

dealwiththebubblewrap(氣泡墊)thatencasedyourtelevision?

Fromthegovernments’pointofview,aprimarygoaloflawsrequiringextendedproducer

responsibilityistotransferboththecostsandthephysicalresponsibilityofwastemanagementfrom

thegovernmentandtax-payersbacktotheproducers.

58.BymentioningtheSwissstudy,theauthorintendstotellusthat_________.

A.theweightofe-goodsisrathersmall

B.E-wastedeservestobemadegooduseof

C.naturalmineralscontainmorepreciousmetals

D.thepercentageofpreciousmetalsisheavyine-waste

59.Theresponsibilityofe-wastetreatmentshouldbeextended_________.

A.fromproducerstogovernments

B.fromgovernmentstoproducers

C.fromindividualstodistributors

D.fromdistributorstogovernments

60.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.Theincreaseine-waste.

B.Thecreationofe-waste.

C.Theseriousnessofe-waste.

D.Themanagementofe-waste.

構(gòu)思新穎，品質(zhì)一流，適合各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，謝謝采納

C

Supposeyoubecomealeaderinanorganization.It’sverylikelythatyou’llwanttohave

volunteerstohelpwiththeorganization’sactivities.Todoso,itshouldhelptounderstandwhypeople

undertakevolunteerworkandwhatkeepstheirinterestinthework.

Let’sbeginwiththequestionofwhypeoplevolunteer.Researchershaveidentifiedseveral

factorsthatmotivatepeopletogetinvolved.Forexample,peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonalvalues

relatedtounselfishness,toexpandtheirrangeofexperiences,andtostrengthensocialrelationships.If

volunteerpositionsdonotmeettheseneeds,peoplemaynotwishtoparticipate.Toselectvolunteers,

youmayneedtounderstandthemotivationsofthepeopleyouwishtoattract.

Peoplealsovolunteerbecausetheyarerequiredtodoso.Toincreaselevelsofcommunityservice,

someschoolshavelaunchedcompulsoryvolunteerprograms.Unfortunately,theseprogramscanshift

people’swishofparticipationfromaninternalfactor(e.g.,“Ivolunteerbecauseit’simportanttome”)

toanexternalfactor(e.g.,“IvolunteerbecauseI’mrequiredtodoso”).Whenthathappens,people

becomelesslikelytovolunteerinthefuture.Peoplemustbesensitivetothispossibilitywhenthey

makevolunteeractivitiesamust.

Oncepeoplebegintovolunteer,whatleadsthemtoremainintheirpositionsovertime?To

answerthisquestion,researchershaveconductedfollow-upstudiesinwhichtheytrackvolunteers

overtime.Forinstance,onestudyfollowed238volunteersinFloridaoverayear.Oneofthemost

importantfactorsthatinfluencedtheirsatisfactionasvolunteerswastheamountofsufferingthey

experiencedintheirvolunteerpositions.Althoughthisresultmaynotsurpriseyou,itleadsto

importantpracticaladvice.Theresearchersnotethatattentionshouldbegivento“trainingmethods

thatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethemwithstrategiesforcoping

withtheproblemtheydoexperience”.

Anotherstudyof302volunteersathospitalsinChicagofocusedonindividualdifferencesinthe

degreetowhichpeopleview“volunteer”asanimportantsocialrole.Itwasassumedthatthosepeople

forwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobemostlikelyto

continuevolunteerwork.Participantsindicatedthedegreetowhichthesocialrolematteredby

respondingtostatementssuchas“VolunteeringinHospitalisanimportantpartofwhoIam.”

Consistentwiththeresearchers’expectations,theyfoundapositivecorrelation(正相關(guān))betweenthe

strengthofroleidentityandthelengthoftimepeoplecontinuedtovolunteer.Theseresults,onceagain,

leadtoconcreteadvice:“Onceanindividualbeginsvolunteering,continuedeffortsmightfocuson

developingavolunteerroleidentity....ItemslikeT-shirtsthatallowvolunteerstoberecognized

publiclyfortheircontributionscanhelpstrengthenroleidentity”.

61.Peoplevolunteermainlyoutof______.

A.academicrequirementsB.socialexpectations

構(gòu)思新穎，品質(zhì)一流，適合各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，謝謝采納

C.financialrewardsD.internalneeds

62.WhatcanwelearnfromtheFloridastudy?

A.Follow-upstudiesshouldlastforoneyear.B.Volunteersshouldgetmentallyprepared.

C.Strategytrainingisamustinresearch.D.Volunteersareprovidedwithconcreteadvice.

63.Whatismostlikelytomotivatevolunteerstocontinuetheirwork?

A.Individualdifferencesinroleidentity.B.PubliclyidentifiablevolunteerT-shirts.

C.Roleidentityasavolunteer.D.Practicaladvicefromresearchers.

64.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.HowtoGetPeopletoVolunteerB.HowtoStudyVolunteerBehaviors

C.HowtoKeepVolunteers’InterestD.HowtoOrganizeVolunteerActivities

D

FreedomandResponsibility

Freedom’schallengeintheDigitalAgeisaserioustopic.Wearefacingtodayastrangenewworldand

weareallwonderingwhatwearegoingtodowithit.

Some2,500yearsagoGreecediscoveredfreedom.Beforethattherewasnofreedom.Therewere

greatcivilizations,splendidempires,butnofreedomanywhere.EgyptandBabylonwereboth

tyrannies,oneverypowerfulmanrulingoverhelplessmasses.

InGreece,inAthens(雅典),alittlecityinalittlecountry,therewerenohelplessmasses.And

Athenianswillinglyobeyedthewrittenlawswhichtheythemselvespassed,andtheunwritten,which

mustbeobeyediffreemenlivetogether.Theymustshoweachotherkindnessandpityandthemany

qualitieswithoutwhichlifewouldbeverypainfulunlessonechosetolivealoneinthedesert.The

Atheniansneverthoughtthatamanwasfreeifhecoulddowhathewanted.Amanwasfreeifhewas

self-controlled.Tomakeyourselfobeywhatyouapprovedwasfreedom.Theyweresavedfrom

lookingattheirlivesastheirownprivateaffair.EachonefeltresponsibleforthewelfareofAthens,

notbecauseitwasforcedonhimfromtheoutside,butbecausethecitywashisprideandhissafety.

Theessentialbeliefofthefirstfreegovernmentintheworldwaslibertyforallmenwhocouldcontrol

themselvesandwouldtakeresponsibilityforthestate.

Butdiscoveringfreedomisnotlikediscoveringcomputers.Itcannotbediscoveredonceforall.If

peopledonotprizeit,andworkforit,itwillgo.Constantwatchisitsprice.Athenschanged.Itwasa

changethattookplacewithoutbeingnoticedthoughitwasoftheextremeimportance,aspiritual

changewhichaffectedthewholestate.IthadbeentheAthenian’sprideandjoytogivetotheircity.

Thattheycouldgetmaterialbenefitsfromherneverenteredtheirminds.Therehadtobeacomplete

changeofattitudebeforetheycouldlookatthecityasanemployerwhopaidhercitizensfordoing

herwork.Nowinsteadofmengivingtothestate,thestatewastogivetothem.Whatthepeople

wantedwasagovernmentwhichwouldprovideacomfortablelifeforthem;andwiththisasthe

構(gòu)思新穎，品質(zhì)一流，適合各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，謝謝采納

primaryobject,ideasoffreedomandself-relianceandresponsibilitywereneglectedtothepointof

disappearing.Athenswasmoreandmorelookedonasacooperativebusinesspossessedofgreat

wealthinwhichallcitizenshadarighttoshare.

Athensreachedthepointwhenthefreedomshereallywantedwasfreedomfromresponsibility.

Therecouldbeonlyoneresult.Ifmeninsistedonbeingfreefromtheburdenofself-dependenceand

responsibilityforthecommongood,theywouldceasetobefree.Responsibilityisthepriceeveryman

mustpayforfreedom.Itistobehadonnootherterms.Athens,theAthensofAncientGreece,refused

responsibility;shereachedtheendoffreedomandwasnevertohaveitagain.

But,“theexcellentbecomesthepermanent”,Aristotlesaid.Athenslostfreedomforever,but

freedomwasnotlostforeverfortheworld.AgreatAmerican,JamesMadison,referredto:“The

capacity(能力)ofmankindforself-government.”Nodoubthehadnotanideathathewasspeaking

Greek.Athenswasnotinthefarthestbackgroundofhismind,butoncemanhasagreatandgoodidea,

itisnevercompletelylost.TheDigitalAgecannotdestroyit.Somehowinthisorthatman’sthought

suchanidealivesthoughunconsideredbytheworldofaction.Onecanneverbesurethatitisnoton

thepointofbreakingoutintoactiononlysurethatitwilldososometime.

65.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tyrannies”inParagraph2referto?

A.Countrieswheretheirpeopleneedhelp.

B.Powerfulstateswithhighercivilization.

C.Splendidempireswherepeopleenjoyfreedom.

D.Governmentsruledwithabsolutepower.

66.Peoplebelievinginfreedomarethosewho________.

A.regardtheirlifeastheirownbusinessB.seekgainsastheirprimaryobject

C.behavewithinthelawsandvaluesystemsD.treatotherswithkindnessandpity

67.WhatchangeinattitudetookplaceinAthens?

A.TheAtheniansrefusedtotaketheirresponsibility.

B.TheAtheniansnolongertookprideinthecity.

C.TheAtheniansbenefitedspirituallyfromthegovernment.

D.TheAthenianslookedonthegovernmentasabusiness.

68.Whatdoesthesentence“Therecouldbeonlyoneresult.”inParagraph5mean?

A.Athenswouldcontinuetobefree.

B.Athenswouldceasetohavefreedom.

C.Freedomwouldcomefromresponsibility.

D.FreedomwouldstopAthensfromself-dependence.

69.WhydoestheauthorrefertoAristotleandMadison?

A.Theauthorishopefulaboutfreedom.

構(gòu)思新穎，品質(zhì)一流，適合各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，謝謝采納

B.Theauthoriscautiousaboutself-government.

C.TheauthorisskepticalofGreekcivilization.

D.Theauthorisproudofman’scapacity.

70.Whatistheauthor’sunderstandingoffreedom?

A.Freedomcanbemorepopularinthedigitalage.

B.Freedommaycometoanendinthedigitalage.

C.Freedomshouldhavepriorityoverresponsibility.

D.Freedomneedstobeguaranteedbyresponsibility.

第四部分：任務(wù)型閱讀(共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分)

請(qǐng)閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。

注意：請(qǐng)將答案寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號(hào)的橫線上。每個(gè)空格只填一個(gè)單詞。

Peopleselectnewsinexpectationofareward.Thisrewardmaybeeitheroftwokinds.Oneis

relatedtowhatFreudcallsthePleasurePrinciple,theothertowhathecallstheRealityPrinciple.For

wantofbetternames,weshallcallthesetwoclassesimmediaterewardanddelayedreward.

Ingeneral,thekindofnewswhichmaybeexpectedtogiveimmediaterewardarenewsofcrime

andcorruption,accidentsanddisasters,sports,socialevents,andhumaninterest.Delayedrewardmay

beexpectedfromnewsofpublicaffairs,economicmatters,socialproblems,science,education,and

health.

Newsofthefirstkindpaysitsrewardsatonce.Areadercanenjoyanindirectexperiencewithout

anyofthedangersorstressesinvolved.Hecantremblewildlyatanaxe-murder,shakehishead

sympatheticallyandsafelyatahurricane,identifyhimselfwiththewinningteam,andlaugh

understandinglyatawarmlittlestoryofchildrenordogs.

Newsofthesecondkind,however,paysitsrewardslater.Itsometimesrequiresthereaderto

tolerateunpleasantnessorannoyance—as,forexample,whenhereadsofthethreateningforeign

situation,themountingnationaldebt,risingtaxes,fallingmarket,scarcehousing,andcancer.Ithasa

kindof“threatvalue.”Itisreadsothatthereadermaybeinformedandprepared.Whenareader

selectsdelayedrewardnews,hepullshimselfintotheworldofsurroundingrealitytowhichhecan

adapthimselfonlybyhardwork.Whenheselectsnewsoftheotherkind,heusuallywithdrawsfrom

theworldofthreateningrealitytowardthedreamworld.

Foranyindividual,ofcourse,theboundariesofthesetwoclassesarenotstable.Forexample,a

sociologistmayreadnewsofcrimeasasocialproblem,ratherthanforitsimmediatereward.Acoach

mayreadasportsstoryforitsthreatvalue:hemayhavetoplaythatteamnextweek.Apoliticianmay

readanaccountofhislatestsuccessfulpublicmeeting,notforitsdelayedreward,butverymuchas

hiswifereadsanaccountofaparty.Inanygivenstoryofcorruptionordisaster,athoughtfulreader

mayreceivenotonlytheimmediaterewardofindirectexperience,butalsothedelayedrewardof

構(gòu)思新穎，品質(zhì)一流，適合各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，謝謝采納

informationandpreparedness.Therefore,whilethedivisionofcategoriesholdsingeneral,an

individual’stendencymaytransferanystoryfromonekindofreadingtoanother,ordividethe

experiencebetweenthetwokindsofreward.

Whatnewsstoriesdoyouread?

●Peopleexpecttoget(71)________fromreadingnews.

●Newsstoriesareroughlydividedintotwoclasses.

Divisionofnewsstories

●Somenewswillexcitetheirreadersinstantlywhileothers

won’t.

●Newsofimmediaterewardwillseeminglytaketheirreadersto

theveryfrighteningscenewithoutactual(73)________.

●Readerswillassociatethemselvescloselywithwhathappensin

thenewsstoriesand(74)________similarfeelingswiththose

(72)________ofthetwoinvolved.

classes●Newsofdelayedrewardwillmakereaderssuffer,orpresenta

(75)________tothem.

●Newsofdelayedrewardwillinducethereaderto(76)________

fortherealitywhilenewsofimmediaterewardwillleadthe

readerto(77)________fromthereality.

●Whatreadersexpectfromnewsstoriesarelargelyshapedby

their(78)________.

Unstableboundariesofthe

●Seriousreaderswillbothgetexcitedwhathappensinsome

twoclasses

newsstoriesand(79)________themselvestothereality.

●Thus,thedivision,onthewhole,(80)________onthereader.

第五部分：書面表達(dá)(滿分