小升初語法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)及小升初英語語法大全

小升初語法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的定義一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，存在的狀態(tài)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作的時(shí)態(tài)。二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用行為動(dòng)詞的原形，但第三人稱單數(shù)作主語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的詞尾要加-s或-es。現(xiàn)在以連系動(dòng)詞be和行為動(dòng)詞read為例，對一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的肯定句、否定句、疑問句及其簡略答語的構(gòu)成以表格形式加以說明：動(dòng)詞肯定句否定句beIam…Iamnot…You/We/Theyare…You/We/Theyarenot…He/She/Itis...He/She/Itisnot…readI/We/You/Theyread…I/We/You/They/donotread…He/She/Itreads…He/She/Itdoesnotread…動(dòng)詞疑問句簡略答語（肯定）簡略答語（否定）beAmI…?Yes,youare.No,youarenot.Areyou…?Yes,Iam/weare.No,Iam/wearenot.Arewe…?Yes,we/youare.No,we/youarenot.Arethey…?Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.Ishe…?Yes,heis.No,heisnot.Isshe…?Yes,sheis.No,sheisnot.Isit…?Yes,itis.No,itisnot.readDoI/we/theyread…?Yes,you/we/theydo.No,you/we/theydonot.Doeshe/she/itread…?Yes,he/she/itdoes.No,he/she/itdoesnot.連系動(dòng)詞be的各種形式常與代詞或not縮寫成一個(gè)詞。助動(dòng)詞do，does一般只有與not縮寫。聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞be縮寫形式如下肯定縮寫否定縮寫IamI’mIamnotI’mnotYouareYou’reYouarenotYou’renot/Youaren’tHeisHe’sHeisnotHe’snot/Heisn’tSheisShe’sSheisnotShe’snot/Sheisn’tItisIt’sItisnotIt’snot/Itisn’tWeareWe’reWearenotWe’renot/Wearen’tTheyareThey’reTheyarenotThey’renot/Theyaren’t動(dòng)詞donot的縮寫形式為don’t，doesnot的縮寫形式為doesn’t。動(dòng)詞加-s或-es（動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)）當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞需加-s或-es一般在詞尾加–s例：work—worksleaveleavesswimswims以字母s，x，ch，sh或o結(jié)尾的詞加-es例：passpassesfixfixesteachteachesdodoes以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞，先變y為i再加-es例：studystudiescarrycarriesflyfliescrycries一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。常與often（經(jīng)常）,always（總是）,sometimes（有時(shí)）,everyday（每天）,onSundays/Mondays等表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語有：today,often,sometimes,always,usually,everyday(week,month,year,…),thisyear,onceaweek(month,year,…)一周（月，年）一次例句：Igetupat6o’clockeveryday.Heoftengoestoschoolbybike.表示客觀事實(shí)，普遍真理。例句：Twoandtwoisfour.二加二等于四。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)寫出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式posteatstopjumpgolikevisitpassrisereadridehavegivewriteswimstudywatchflyteachdo單項(xiàng)選擇()1._____youhaveabook?ADoB.AreC.IsD.Have()2.DoesLiLeiliketowatchTV?______________.A.Yes,helike.B.No,hedoesn’t.C.Yes,he’dlike.D.No,helikes.()3.Shedoesn’t______herhomeworkintheafternoon.A.doingB.todoC.doesD.do()4.How____Mr.Smith______toEngland?A.do,goB.is,goC.does,goD.does,goes()5._____she______homeatsixeveryday?A.Is,leaveB.Does,leaveC.Is,leavesD.Does,left用下列動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.I______(get)upat6o’clockeveryday.2.Myfather______(have)alovelydog.3.He______(go)toschoolonfoot.4.She______(do)notlikewatchingTV.5.They______(play)footballeverySundayafternoon.按要求完成下列各題1.TomorrowisSaturday.(變成一般疑問句)_________________Saturday?2.Doesheplaybasketballeveryweekend?(肯定回答)Yes,_____________.3.Shelookslikehersister.(變一般疑問句)_____she______likehersister?4.PeterandSamlookthesame.(一般疑問句)______they_____thesame?5.Dotheyalwaysgotothemovie(電影院)onSundays?(否定回答)No,______________.五、英漢互譯Tom經(jīng)常放學(xué)后（afterschool）踢足球。__________________________________我喜歡唱歌。__________________________________Heoftengoestoschoolonfoot.__________________________________Childrenliketoplaythisgame.__________________________________今天是星期日。__________________________________能力測試卷（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）寫出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式gohaveswimstudyrisestopdoridecrygowriteflyplayreadcomebuygivewatchworkcarry用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空He_______(go)toschoolonfoot.She_______notlikewatchingTV.(do)Myfather_______(have)alovelydog.Ioften______(get)upatsixeverymorning.Mymother_______(work)inaschool.英漢互譯他經(jīng)常在周六的時(shí)候讀英語。_____________________________Peter每天都幫助媽媽做家務(wù)。______________________________Tomalwaysplaysfootballafterschool.____________________4．Igetupatsixo’clockeveryday._______________________________5.Thecoatfits(適合)meverywell._______________________________小升初語法現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的定義現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)是表示在現(xiàn)在某一時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的時(shí)態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由“系動(dòng)詞（am，is，are）+現(xiàn)在分詞（動(dòng)詞加-ing形式）”構(gòu)成?，F(xiàn)在以動(dòng)詞work為例，對現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句、否定句、疑問句及簡略答語列表說明：肯定句否定句Iamworking.Iamnotworking.Youareworking.Youarenotworking.He/She/Itisworking.He/She/Itisnotworking.We/You/Theyareworking.We/You/Theyarenotworking.疑問句簡略答語AmIworking?Yes,youare.No,youarenot.Areweworking?Yes,we/youare.No,we/youaren’t.Areyouworking?Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.Yes,weare.No,wearenot.Ishe/sheitworking?Yes,he/she/itis.No,he/she/itisnot.Aretheyworking?Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加-ing。staystayingdodoinglistenlistening以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去掉e，再加-ing。makemakingrideridinggivegiving以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-ing。putputtingsitsittingrunrunning以ie為重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞，先去掉e，把i變?yōu)閥，再加–ing。lielyingdiedying現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法表示現(xiàn)在或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常和下列時(shí)間狀語連用：now,atthismoment,atpresent,thesedays(years),thisterm…有時(shí)也與look,listen等連用。例句：Look,whatarethemonkeyseating?看，那些猴子在吃什么？表示當(dāng)前一直或反復(fù)在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或難以終止的動(dòng)作。例句：Theyarerunningandjumpingallthetime.他們一直在跑啊跳啊?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式stay__________do__________listen__________suffer__________refuse__________close__________operate_________die_________work________spend_________look_________make__________put__________sit__________run__________tie__________take_________give_________ride_________please_________win_________begin_________open_________lie_________用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空MaryandLucyare________(dance)now.Listen!Someoneis_______(play)thepianointhenextroom.Heis__________(sweep)theflooratthemoment.Look!Thecat________________(eat)thefishonthetable.A:______you_______(study)French?B:Yes,Iam.Sheoften____________(dance)afterschool.Myfatherandmother____________(swim)inthepond.Mysisteris________(fly)akiteinthegarden.Weare__________(watch)TVnow.Bequiet!Thebaby___________(sleep)now.改錯(cuò)Wearecleanningourclassroom.______________________________Sheissinginthenextroom.______________________________Whatamyoudoing?______________________________MaryiscomeingbackfromBeijing.______________________________HeoftenflyingkitesonSundays.______________________________Theyisreadingbooksnow.______________________________Mybrotherisplaystheguitarnow._______________________________Sallyisdanceingintheroom._______________________________IwatchingTVathomenow.________________________________Doyoulisteningtheradionow?________________________________英漢互譯他正在教室里做作業(yè)。____________________________WearereadingEnglishnow._________________________Peter和Billy正在操場上（intheplayground）打籃球。___________________________Look!Abirdisflyinginthesky._________________________公共汽車來了。___________________________劉先生經(jīng)常在周日的時(shí)候（onSundays）看英語書。______________________________________________Heisn’tplayinggames.Heisstudying.______________________________________________孩子們在摘（pick）蘋果。___________________________Thatsonofyoursisalwaysmakingtroubles(搗亂).______________________________________________10.你們正在做什么?_____________________________能力測試卷（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)）寫出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式及現(xiàn)在分詞形式play________________sit________________do________________stop________________put________________swim________________skate________________dance________________fly________________lie________________二、用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Iam__________(watch)TVnow.He______________(play)intheclassroomnow.Sheoften__________(dance)afterschool.Mysisteris________(fly)akiteinthepark.Myparents(父母)________(swim)inthepond.三、改錯(cuò)1.IwatchingTVathomenow.____________________________2.Myfatherisplaysthepiano.____________________________HeoftenflyingkitesonSundays.____________________________Theyisreadingbooks._____________________________Sheisdancingintheroom._____________________________英漢互譯1．Billy正在教室里做作業(yè)。________________________________________MymotheralwayscleansthehouseonSaturdays._________________你正在做什么？_________________________________________他們沒有踢足球，他們在打籃球。_____________________________Thebusiscoming.______________________________小升初語法句型之肯定句和否定句一、陳述句定義：凡是說明一件事情，提出一個(gè)看法，或是表達(dá)一種心情的句子都是陳述句。大多數(shù)的句子都是陳述句，陳述句可以用肯定式和否定式?？隙ň渥兎穸ň淇隙ň渥兎穸ň渚褪羌觧otno或表示否定的詞英語的句子重要取決于動(dòng)詞而動(dòng)詞又有時(shí)態(tài)的變化因此在不同的時(shí)態(tài)的句子中的位置不同。時(shí)態(tài)具體句型句子構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞做謂語主語+be(am/is/are)+not+其他+.實(shí)意動(dòng)詞做謂語主語+don’t/doesn’t+其他+.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞主語+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+not+動(dòng)詞原形+其他+.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)詞做謂語主語+be動(dòng)詞(am/is/are)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他+.陳述句練習(xí)把下列陳述句變成否定句。1.MyfatherwatchesTVeveryday.Myfather_________TVeveryday.2.Kateoftendoesherhomeworkatsix.Kate__often___herhomeworkatsix.3.Igotoschoolatseven.I_______toschoolatseven.4.Sheusuallygoeshomebybus.She____usually____homebybus.5.Theyaregoodstudents.They________goodstudents.6.Heisclever.He________clever.7.Hehassomebreadforbreakfasteverymorning.He____________breadforbreakfasteverymorning.8.Ioftendrinksometeaintheafternoon.I___often________teaintheafternoon.9.Hehassomeeggs.He____________eg10.Kimlikeshisnewbike.Kim________hisnewbike小升初語法之疑問句疑問句是用來提出問題的，疑問句又包括：一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、反義疑問句和選擇疑問句。一、一般疑問句：1.一般疑問句又可以叫做yes/no句型，需要用yes或no來回答。2.一般疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動(dòng)詞（am,is,are）+主語+表語？情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（can,may,must…）+主語+行為動(dòng)詞（或be）?助動(dòng)詞(do,does)+主語+行為動(dòng)詞？助動(dòng)詞（shall,will,have,has…）+主語+行為動(dòng)詞（或be）?3.變一般疑問句的方法：（一調(diào)，二變，三問號）Be動(dòng)詞型一般疑問句：原句問句回答Iamagirl.Areyouagirl?Yes,Iam/No,I’mnotSheismyfriend.Issheyourfriend?Yes,sheis/No,sheisn’tHeisastudent.Isheastudent?Yes,heis/No,heisn’tWearehome.Areyouhome?Yes,weare/No,wearen’tThisismybook.Isthisyourbook?Yes,itis/No,itisn’tTheyaregoodfriends.Aretheyyourgoodfriends?Yes,theyare/No,theyaren’t情態(tài)動(dòng)詞型一般疑問句：原句問句回答Icandraw.Canyoudraw?Yes,Ican/No,Ican’t.Shecanswim.Cansheswim?Yes,shecan/No,shecan’tHecanrideabike.Canherideabike?Yes,hecan/No,hecan’tWewillgetthere.Willyougethere?Yes,wewill/No,wewon’tItcantalk.Canittalk?Yes,itcan/No,itcan’t助動(dòng)詞型一般疑問句：原句問句回答Ilikeswimming.Doyoulikeswimming?Yes,Ido/No,Idon’tShedanceswell.Doesshedancewell?Yes,shedoes/No,shedoesn’tHehasasister.Doeshehaveasister?Yes,hedoes/No,hedoesn’tWecookdinner.Doyoucookdinner?Yes,wedo/No,wedon’tItworkswell.Doesitwork?Yes,itdoes/No,itdoesn’tTheybecomegoodfriendsDotheybecomegoodfriends?Yes,theydo/No,theydon’t其它在句中要變換的詞有some→any,am→are二、特殊疑問句：以疑問代詞what,who(whom),whose,which或疑問副詞when,where,how,why放在句首提問的句子叫做特殊疑問句，答語只要針對問句中的疑問代詞或疑問副詞來回答，不用yes或no。1.疑問詞+一般疑問句（疑問詞作賓語、表語、狀語或定語）。Whatdoyouwant?你要什么？WhendoyouhaveEnglishclass?你們什么時(shí)候有英語課？Whosecoatisthis?這是誰的大衣？Howdidheknowit?他是怎么知道它的？Whydidyousaythis?你為什么要這么說？Whichisyourumbrella?哪個(gè)是你的雨傘？Wherewerethesebusesmade?這些巴士是哪兒制造的？2.疑問代詞作主語或作主語的定語時(shí)，詞序與陳述句相同：疑問代詞（+名詞）+謂語。WhoteachesyourbrotherJapanese?誰教你弟弟日語？Whatisintheboxonthetable?桌上那個(gè)盒子里裝的是什么？Whosehandwritingisthebestinyourclass?你們班里誰的書法最好？*疑問代詞：who:主語、賓語、表語、用來提問表示“人”的各種成分。whose:用來提問“誰的”。which:用來提問“哪一個(gè)/位”。what:提問表示“干什么”等意思*疑問副詞：when:提問在何時(shí)。where:提問在何地why:提問表示原因的短語或句子how:提問表示程度或方式的副詞或短語*由疑問詞how構(gòu)成的短語引導(dǎo)的問句howold(表示年齡)多大了,howlong（表示時(shí)間或物體的長短）有多長,howmany+復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示多少,howmuch+不可數(shù)名詞表示多少,howfar（表示距離）多遠(yuǎn)疑問句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)按要求改寫句子，每空格限填一詞。1.It’salargeroom.(改為復(fù)數(shù)形式)_____________largerooms.2.Hehastobuyadictionaryforhisdaughter.(改為否定句)He______________tobuyadictionaryforhisdaughter.3.UncleWanglikesmakingthings.(改為否定句)UncleWang______________makingthings.4.Annreturnedthebooktothelibraryyesterday.(改寫為一般疑問句)______Ann_______thebooktothelibraryyesterday?.5.Thehospitalisabout300metersaway.(就劃線部分提問)_______________isthehospital?6.Therearefifty-twostudentsinourclass.(就劃線部分提問)______________studentsarethereinyourclass?7.Iwritetomymotheronceaweek.(就劃線部分提問)____________doyouwritetoyourmother?8.Hehasthreepens.(就劃線部分提問)______________pensdoeshehave?9.Sheistenyearsold.(就劃線部分提問)_______________isshe?10.Theyhaveaclassmeetingeveryotherweek.(改為否定句)They______________aclassmeetingeveryotherweek.11.Shehasdinnerwithhergrandparentsonceaweek.（改為一般疑問句）______she_______dinnerwithhergrandparentsonceaweek?12.Thiskindofcoldcomesandgoesveryquickly.（改為一般疑問句）_______thiskindofcold______and______veryquickly?13.Hespentawholemorningcleaningtheroom.（就劃線部分提問）__________________he______cleaningtheroom.14.Mybrotherhaslunchattheschooleveryday.（改為一般疑問句）________yourbrother________lunchattheschooleveryday?15.Putthebookonthedesk.（否定句）____________thebookonthedesk.16.Hisbikewasboughtyesterday.（就劃線部分提問）_____________wasboughtyesterday?17.Shedoesmorningexerciseseveryday.(否定句)She______________morningexerciseseveryday.18.Mymotherisverywell.(就劃線部分提問)_______isyourmother?19.Shehastostayathome.(改為一般疑問句)_______she_______tostayathome.20.Tomhaslunchatschooleveryday.(改為一般疑問句)小升初語法句型之祈使句一、祈使句：用來表示下達(dá)命令、提出要求、建議和勸告的句子。說話的對象通常是第二人稱you,習(xí)慣上常省略。祈使句的肯定句謂語動(dòng)詞用原形，否定句一般用don’t,never開始。1．肯定祈使句句型1：動(dòng)詞let+第一、三人稱賓格代詞+V.例句：Let’sgotoschool.讓我們?nèi)ド蠈W(xué)吧。Letmetry.讓我試一試。Lethimcomeupstairs.讓他上樓吧。句型2：動(dòng)詞+其他部分例句：Pleaseopenthedoor.請開門。Turntopagetwo.請將書翻到第二頁。Listentome.請聽我講。Stoptalking.別說話。二、否定祈使句（一般在句首加Don’t.）1．Climbthetree,please.請爬樹。（肯定句）Don’tclimbthetree!不要爬樹。（否定句）2．Openthedoor.打開門。（肯定句）Don’topenthedoor.不要開門。（否定句）三、陳述句變祈使句1．Youcan’tmakefacesinclass.你不能在課堂上做鬼臉。Don’tmakefacesinclass.不要在課堂上做鬼臉。2．Youcan’treadinbed.你不要在床上看書。Don’treadinbed.不要在床上看書。祈使句專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練連詞成句并改寫成否定句。on\walk\the\grass______________________________________________________________________2.ride\a\here\bike_______________________________________________________________________________二、按要求改寫下列句子1．Shelikesplayingbasketballafterschool.(否定句)_________________________________________________2.Hedidhishomeworkyesterdayevening.(一般疑問句)_________________________________________________3.Tomwrotealettertohismotheryesterday.(否定句)_________________________________________________4.Mymothercanmakekites.(一般疑問句)_________________________________________________5.Therearesomedictionariesonthedesk.(否定句)______________________________________________小升初語法句型therebe與have\has句型“Therebe”句型“Therebe+某（些）人或物+某地（或某時(shí)）”是指“某地（時(shí)）存在某人（或某物）”。謂語be必須在數(shù)上和主語保持一致。如果主語中既有單數(shù)又有復(fù)數(shù)，be的形式變化與它最近的主語相一致。（一）結(jié)構(gòu)Therebe(is\are)+某……Thereis+=1\*GB3①可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)=2\*GB3②不可數(shù)名詞2）Thereare+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)（二）用法肯定句：Thereis\are+_________.否定句：Thereis\are+not____________一般疑問句：Is\Are+there…?Yes,thereis\are.No,thereis\arenot.（三）Therebe句型中的be與離它最近的名詞有關(guān)。例，Thereisanappleandtwopearsonthetable.Therearetwopearsandanappleonthetable.二、have\has句型是指某人有某物(表示所有、擁有關(guān)系)I\We\You\They\人名（復(fù)數(shù)）\事物（復(fù)數(shù)）+have…He\She\It\人名（單數(shù)）\事物（單數(shù)）+has…句型專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題用“have,therebe”的適當(dāng)形式填空He_________alotoffriends.__________________fourseasonsinayear.She_________sevensons.__________________anymilkinthecup?Beijing________manyuniversities.We_______alotofworktodo.__________________abookandtwopensonthetable.They______manybeautifulflowers.__________________threepencilsandarulerinthepencil-box.Myfather________aredcar.用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空Heoften_______up________sixo’clock_______themorning.What’swrong________yourmother?Marycan________akite.There_______anappleandthreebananasinthebag.三、選擇填空1.There_____twoknivesinthepencil–box.A.areB.isC.beD.am2.Howmanycounties_____inEurope?isitB.isthereC.aretheyD.arethere3.Look!There____someapplesinthattree.isB.areC.beD.am4.There____somechildrenplayingontheplayground.isB.areC.hasD.have5.-Arethereanyfishinthelakenow?-No.____anywaterinitinwinter.Thereisn’tB.Therearen’tC.Itisn’tD.Theyaren’t6.There____anappletreeneartheriver.AmB.areC.isD.be7._____thereanygoodnewsintoday’snewspaper?AreB.IsC.HaveD.Has8.There_____abananaandtenpearsinthebasket.AreB.isC.hasD.have9.There_____someorangesonthetable.areB.isC.amD.be小升初英語語法大全一、名詞表示某一事物，有具體的和抽象的之分。分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。強(qiáng)調(diào)：不可數(shù)名詞都默認(rèn)為單數(shù)，所以總是用is或者was；最好不要根據(jù)some、any、alotof等詞去作判斷，以免受誤導(dǎo)。1、可數(shù)名詞如何變―復(fù)數(shù)形式‖：a．一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds；讀音：清輔音后讀[s]，濁輔音和元音后讀[z]。b．以s.x.sh.ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches；讀音：[iz]。c．以―輔音字母+y‖結(jié)尾，變y為i,再加-es，如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries；讀音：[z]。d．以―f或fe‖結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v,再加-es，如：knife-knives，thief-thieves；讀音：[z]。e．以―o‖結(jié)尾的詞，分兩種情況1）有生命的+es讀音：[z]如：mango-mangoestomato-tomatoeshero-heroes2)無生命的+s讀音：[z]如：photo-photosradio-radiosf.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,snowman-snowmen,mouse-mice,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese2、不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)。如果要計(jì)算不可數(shù)名詞所表達(dá)的數(shù)量，就得在數(shù)詞和不可數(shù)名詞之間加上―量詞+of‖。例如：aglassofwater,apieceofpaper,abottleofjuice判斷步驟：↗如是am、is或was→原形讀句子→讀該單詞→認(rèn)識該單詞→理解意思→看be動(dòng)詞

↘如是are或were→加s或es練一練：1、寫出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù)。I_________him_________this_______her______watch_______mango_______child_______photo________diary______day________foot________dress________tooth_______sheep______box_______strawberry_____thief_______engineer______peach______sandwich______man______woman_______leaf_______people________2、用所給名詞的正確形式填空。（1）Aretheretwo————(box)onthetable?（2）Icanseesome————(people)inthecinema.（3）Howmany(day)arethereinaweek?（4）Here’refive(bottle)of(juice)foryou.（5）This—————(violin)ishers.Those————(grape)areoverthere.二、冠詞冠詞是一種虛詞，不能獨(dú)立使用，通常放在名詞的前面，分為―不定冠詞‖和―定冠詞‖兩種。1、不定冠詞：a、an。用在單數(shù)名詞前，表示―一個(gè)，一件……‖。an用在以元音―音素‖開頭的單詞前。如：ane-mail,anorange,anoldman,anEnglishwatch,anhour…2、定冠詞：the。用在單數(shù)或者復(fù)數(shù)名詞前。the沒有具體意思，有時(shí)翻譯為這、那。它的基本用法：（1）用來表示特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。如：Themaponthewallisnew.（2）表示說話者雙方都知道的人或事物。如：Lookatthepicture,please.（3）表示再次提到前面談過的人或事物。如：Thisisastamp.Thestampisbeautiful.（4）用在表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前。如：thesun太陽themoon月亮theearth地球（5）用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。如：theGreatWall長城（6）用在江河、湖海等專有名詞前。如：theChangjiangRiver長江（7）此外，序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級、樂器名稱等詞前面和一些習(xí)慣用語中一般都用定冠詞the。如：thefirstday,thebestboy,playthepiano,inthesameclass確定用a、an還是the時(shí)可根據(jù)漢語意思。練一練：1、用a或an填空。____―U‖____ice-cream____goalkeeper____teapot____apple____office____Englishbook____umbrella____unit____hour2、根據(jù)需要，填寫冠詞a，an或the。（1）Whois____girlbehind____tree?（2）____oldmanhastwochildren,____sonand____daughter.（3）Thisis____orange.____orangeisLucy’s.（4）Helikesplaying____guitar.Wehave____samehobby.（5）Weallhad____goodtimelastSunday.（6）Shewantstobe____doctor.三，數(shù)詞我們學(xué)過兩類：基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞?；鶖?shù)用于表示數(shù)量多少，而基數(shù)詞用于表示次序，常在日期中出現(xiàn)。區(qū)別：基數(shù)詞前面沒有―the‖；序數(shù)詞前一定要有―the‖。1、超過二十以上的兩位數(shù)需要在個(gè)位和十位之間加上―-‖。如：21twenty-one2、三位數(shù)以上的則需要在百位數(shù)后再加上and。如：101a/onehundredandone3、用基數(shù)詞來修飾可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，一定別忘了它的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：十八個(gè)男孩eighteenboys4、用基數(shù)詞修飾不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，如是復(fù)數(shù)，變它的量詞為復(fù)數(shù)。如：兩碗米飯twobowlsofrice5、序數(shù)詞一般加―th‖，特殊的有：first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth以及二十及二十以外的整十：twentieth,thirtieth,fortieth…―第幾十幾‖：前面整十不變，后面―幾‖改為序數(shù)詞。如：88eighty-eighth練一練：1、請翻譯下列短語。（1）60名學(xué)生（2）15本英語書（3）九杯涼水（4）4個(gè)孩子（5）12月31（6）6月2日（7）第九周（8）40年前（9）11+7（10）上學(xué)第一天2、把下列基數(shù)詞改成序數(shù)詞。onetwothreeninefourteentwentythirty-fiveeighty-one四、代詞代詞有兩種：人稱代詞和物主代詞。1、人稱代詞分為：第一、第二、第三人稱，且有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。2、人稱代詞的主格在句中做主語，一般用在動(dòng)詞前（疑問句除外）；賓格在句中做賓語，多用于動(dòng)詞、介詞后。3、形容詞性物主代詞起形容詞的作用，后面一定要跟名詞，表示該名詞是屬于誰的。4、名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞。如：Thisismybag.=Thisismine.Thatisherruler.=Thatishers.一般看后面有沒有名詞，如有，就用形容詞性物主代詞；如無，就用名詞性物主代詞。請牢記下表：單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey賓格meyouhimheritusyouthem物主代詞形容詞性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs練一練：1、按要求寫出相應(yīng)人稱代詞。I（賓格）_______she（形容詞性物主代詞）_______we（名詞性物主代詞）_______he（復(fù)數(shù)）_______us（單數(shù)）_______theirs（主格）_______its（賓格）_______2、想一想，把下表補(bǔ)充完整。人稱代詞物主代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格形容詞性名詞性形容詞性名詞性第一人稱meusour第二人稱youyou第三人稱hethemhistheirheritits3、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1）Thatisnot_________kite.Thatkiteisverysmall,but_________isverybig.(I)2）Thedressis_________.Giveitto_________.(she)3）Isthis_________watch?(you)No,it’snot_________.(I)4）_________ismybrother.________nameisJack.Look!Thosestampsare_________.(he)5）_________dressesarered.(we)Whatcolourare_________?(you)6）Show_________yourkite,OK?(they)7）Ihaveabeautifulcat._________nameisMimi.Thesecakesare_________.(it)8）Arethese________tickets?No,________arenot_________.________aren’there.(they)9）Shall_________havealookatthatclassroom?Thatis_________classroom.(we)10）_________ismyaunt.Doyouknow_________job?_________isanurse.(she)11）Whereare_________?Ican’tfind_________.Let’scall_________parents.(they)12）Don’ttouch_________._________isnotacat,_________isatiger!(it)13）_________sisterisill.Pleasegoandsee_________.(she)14）Thegirlbehind_________isourfriend.(she)五、形容詞、副詞1、形容詞表示某一事物或人的特征，副詞表示某一動(dòng)作的特征。形容詞和副詞有三種形式：原形、比較級、最高級。比較級：+er最高級：the…+est兩個(gè)重要特征：as……as中間一定用原形，than的前面一定要+er。2、形容詞、副詞比較級的規(guī)則變化如下：（1）一般直接+er。如：tall-taller,fast-faster單音節(jié)詞如果以-e結(jié)尾，只加-r。如：late-later（2）重讀閉音節(jié)詞如末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，須雙寫這個(gè)字母，再加-er。如：big-bigger,fat-fatter（3）以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i，再加-er。如：heavy-heavier,early-earlier（4）雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞的比較級應(yīng)在原級前加more構(gòu)成。如：beautiful-morebeautiful,careful-morecareful,quietly-morequietly,interesting-moreinteresting（5）有些不規(guī)則變化的，須逐一加以記憶。如：good/well–better,bad/ill–worse,many/much–more,far–farther/further,old–older/elder…練一練：1、寫出下列形容詞、副詞的比較級。biggoodlongtalloldshortthinheavyyoungfatlightstronghighfarlowearlylatewellfastslow2、用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1)Icanswimas_______(fast)asthefish,Ithink.2)Look!Hishandsare_______(big)thanmine.3)Ithinkyoudothesethings_______(well)thanyourclassmates.4)Whosebagis_______(heavy),yoursormine?5)DoesJimrunas_______（slow)asDavid?Yes,butMikeruns_______(slow)thanthem.6)Youhavesevenbooks,butIhave_______(many)thanyou.Ihaveten.7)Ijump_______(far)thansomeoftheboysinmyclass.8)I’mvery_______(thin),butshe’s_______(thin)thanme.9)Itgets_______and_______(warm)whenspringcomeshere.六、介詞1、一種虛詞。不能單獨(dú)作句子成分，它只有跟它后面的賓語一起構(gòu)成介詞短語，才能在句子中起作用。有：in,on,under,with,behind,about,near,before,after,for,to,up,down,from,infrontof,outof,from…to…,atthebackof…2、表示時(shí)間的介詞有：at,on,in。（1）at表示―在某一個(gè)具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)上‖，或用在固定詞組中。如：atteno’clock,at9:30a.m.,atnight,attheweekend…（2）on表示―在某日或某日的時(shí)間段‖。如：onFriday,onthefirstofOctober,onMondaymorning…（3）in表示―在某一段時(shí)間（月份、季節(jié)）里‖。如：intheafternoon,inSeptember,insummer,in2021…3、in一詞還有其他的固定搭配，如：inblue（穿著藍(lán)色的衣服），inEnglish（用英語表達(dá)），takepartin（參加）。練一練：1、選用括號內(nèi)恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。1)What’sthis_______(at,on,in)English?2)Christmasis_______(at,on,in)the25thofDecember.3)Theman_______(with,on,in)blackisSuHai’sfather.4)Hedoesn’tdowell_______(at,on,in)PE.5)Lookatthosebirds_______(on,in)thetree.6)Wearegoingtomeet_______(at,on,in)thebusstop_______(at,on,in)halfpastten.7)Isthereacat_______(under,behind,in)thedoor?8)Helen’swritingpaperis_______(in,infrontof)hercomputer.9)Welive_______(at,on,in)anewhousenow.10)Doesitoftenrain_______(at,on,in)springthere?2、圈出下列句子中運(yùn)用不恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，并將正確的答案寫在橫線上。1)JimisgoodinEnglishandMaths.2)Thefilmswereinthegroundjustnow.3)Theyaretalkingtotheirplans.4)HowmanystudentshavetheirbirthdaysonMay?5)Women’sDayisatthethirdofMarch.6)Icanjogtoschoolonthemorning.7)Didyouwatertreesatthefarm?8)CanyoucomeandhelpmeonmyEnglish?9)IusuallytakephotosinSundaymorning.10)WhatdidyoudoontheSpringFestival?七、動(dòng)詞這里所說的動(dòng)詞是指各種動(dòng)詞總稱，其中包括be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、行為動(dòng)詞（就是我們平時(shí)總說的那種動(dòng)詞）。動(dòng)詞、名詞和形容詞不太容易區(qū)分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法：先用―一（量詞）‖（如：一個(gè)、一張等）和這個(gè)詞連起來說，如說得通，一般認(rèn)為是名詞；說不通再用―很‖去判斷，就是把―很‖和為個(gè)詞連起來說，說得通一般就是形容詞；都說不通就是動(dòng)詞。（目前我們學(xué)過的，以后可能不同）（另外一些很明顯的，如人稱代詞、數(shù)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等一下就可以知道）1、be動(dòng)詞（am,is,are,was,were）1）am—was,is–was,are--were口訣：我用am,你用are,is用在他她它，所有復(fù)數(shù)全用are。2）肯定和否定句Iam(not)fromLondon.Heis(not)ateacher.Sheis(not)inthediningroom.Myhairis(not)long.Hereyesare(not)small.3）一般疑問句AmIaChinese?Yes,youare.No,youaren’t.AretheyAmerican?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.Isthecatfat?Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.4）be動(dòng)詞的否定形式：amnot（沒有縮寫形式），arenot=aren’t，isnot=isn’t。用恰當(dāng)?shù)腷e動(dòng)詞填空。練一練：1、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1）I______aboy.______youaboy?No,I_____not.2）Thegirl______Jack'ssister.3）Thedog_______tallandfat.4）Themanwithbigeyes_______ateacher.5）______yourbrotherintheclassroom?6）How_______yourfather?7）MikeandLiuTao______atschool.8）Whosedress______this?9）Whosesocks______they?10）Who______I?11）Thejeans______onthedesk.12）Here______ascarfforyou.13）Here______somesweatersforyou.14）Theblackgloves______forSuYang.15）Thispairofgloves______forYangLing.16）Thetwocupsofmilk_____forme.17）Sometea______intheglass.18）Gaoshan'sshirt_______overthere.19）Mysister'sname______Nancy.20）______DavidandHelenfromEngland?21）There______agirlintheroom.22）There______someapplesonthetree.23）_______thereanyapplejuiceinthebottle?24）There_______somebreadontheplate.25）You,heandI______fromChina.26）There_______aboy,twogirls,threemenandtenwomeninthepark.2、助動(dòng)詞（do,does,did）do,does用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，其過去式did用于一般過去時(shí)。它們通常用在疑問句和否定句中。它們的否定形式：donot=don’t,does