人教版八年級(jí)上冊(cè)Unit4單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

Unit3-4知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及檢測(cè)【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】.熟練單詞和短語(yǔ)用法.掌握形容詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)用法.掌握相關(guān)重點(diǎn)詞匯【知識(shí)梳理】一.知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解與練習(xí)形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí).意義英語(yǔ)中大多數(shù)形容詞（性質(zhì)形容詞）、副詞是可以分等級(jí)的，一般有三個(gè)等級(jí)：原級(jí)，比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。形容詞、副詞的本來(lái)形式就是形容詞的原級(jí)。如：Johnisatallboy.兩者間進(jìn)行比較用到形容詞比較級(jí)。如：JimistallerthanJohn.三者或者三者以上進(jìn)行比較用形容詞的最高級(jí)。如：Mikeisthetallestofthethreeboys.注：（形容詞最高級(jí)前面要加定冠詞the）如：10ng longer longest原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí)Theblackpenisverylong,黑色的鋼筆很長(zhǎng)。Thebluepenislongerthantheblackone.藍(lán)色的鋼筆比黑色的長(zhǎng)。Theredpenisthelongestofthethree,紅色的鋼筆是三支中最長(zhǎng)的。.列表如下：構(gòu)成法原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)一般單日節(jié)詞末尾加-er,-esttall（高的）great（巨大的）tallergreatertallestgreatest以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以-le結(jié)尾nice（好的）nicernicest

的雙音節(jié)詞只加-r，-stlarge（大的）largerlargest以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞，雙與結(jié)尾的輔音字母，再加-er,-estbig（大的）hot（熱的）biggerhotterbiggesthottest“以輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，改y為i,再加-er,-esteasy（容易的）busy（忙的）easierbusiereasiestbusiest少數(shù)以-er,-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞末尾加-er,-estclever（聰明的）narrow（窄的）cleverernarrowercleverestnarrowest其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，在前面加more,most來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)important（重要的）easily（容易地）moreimportantmoreeasilymostimportantmosteasily不規(guī)則變化：6）有少數(shù)形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)是不規(guī)則的，必須熟記。列表如下：原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good好的better更好的best最好的well好；（身體）好的，bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地；（身體）更不舒服的worst最糟糕的，最糟糕地；（身體）最不舒服的ill（身體）不舒服的many許多的（可數(shù)）more更多的；更most最多的；最much許多的（不可數(shù)）；非常little少的less更少的least最少的far遠(yuǎn)的；遠(yuǎn)地farther更遠(yuǎn)的；更遠(yuǎn)地farthest最遠(yuǎn)的；最遠(yuǎn)地further進(jìn)一步的（地）furthest最深刻的（地）01d老的older年齡較大的；較舊的oldest年齡最大的；最舊的elder僅表兄弟姊妹之間的長(zhǎng)幼eldest僅表兄弟姊妹之間的長(zhǎng)幼形容詞最高級(jí)的用法.形容詞的最高級(jí)用于三者或三者以上的人或事物的比較，其中有一個(gè)在某一方面超過(guò)其他幾個(gè)。如：Mondayisthebusiestdayforus.對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)，星期一是最忙碌的日子。Judyrunsmostquicklyofthefourgirls.在四個(gè)女孩中，朱迪跑得最快。.使用形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，句中往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)由in或of構(gòu)成的介詞短語(yǔ)，用以說(shuō)明范圍。in表示在某一范圍內(nèi)，of表示屬性，意為“某一類(lèi)中的"。of表示比較的對(duì)象屬于同一范疇;in則表示不屬于同一范疇。如：Johnistheheaviestofall.約翰是所有人中最重的。Maryisthemostbeautifulgirlinherclass.瑪麗是她班上最漂亮的女孩。形容詞最高級(jí)的句型結(jié)構(gòu)形容詞最高級(jí)的句型結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+形容詞最高級(jí)+of（in）+其他”。如：ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.上海是中國(guó)最大的城市。形容詞最高級(jí)的常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn).形容詞的最高級(jí)前面一般要加定冠詞the,而副詞的最高級(jí)前面定冠詞the可以省略。但若形容詞最高級(jí)前有形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格限制時(shí),則不能再加定冠詞the。如：Thetallestboyjumps（the）highestinhisclass.最高的那個(gè)男孩在他班上跳得最高。（tall為形容詞，最高級(jí)前要加the；high在此為副詞，最高級(jí)前可不加the）Ericishisoldestson.艾瑞克是他最大的兒子。（句中的oldest前有形容詞性物主代詞限制，不能再加the）.常見(jiàn)的用來(lái)表示范圍的介詞有in,of,amongo（1）in表示環(huán)境范圍，通常用于在一定范圍內(nèi)的比較，后面常常接表示區(qū)域、時(shí)間、單位、團(tuán)體等的名詞或代詞，并且后面的名詞和主語(yǔ)不是同一概念的范疇。如：LondonisthebiggestcityinBritain.倫敦是英國(guó)最大的城市。(2)of用來(lái)表示對(duì)象范圍，一般用于同類(lèi)事物之間的比較，且of后面的名詞與主語(yǔ)是同一概念的范疇。如：He’sthemostintelligentofallthestudents.在所有學(xué)生中，他是最聰明的。(3)among用于在多數(shù)同類(lèi)事物中(通常為三者以上)進(jìn)行比較，表示其中之最，后面一般接名詞或代詞。同of一樣，也表示對(duì)象范圍，因此among與of有時(shí)可互換使用。.“oneof+the+最高級(jí)+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“在……中最……之一”，是中考常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)。如：Thisisoneofthemostbeautifulflowersinthegarden.這是花園里最漂亮的花之o.比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換：(1)改寫(xiě)為：比較級(jí)+thananyother+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。如：WeiHuaisthemostathleticboyinhisclssTWeiHuaismoreathleticthananyotherboyinhisclass.魏華是他班上最健美的男孩。(2)改寫(xiě)為：比較級(jí)+than+theother+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或比較級(jí)+thantheothertwo。如：Robertisthebeststudentintheschool.TRobertisbetterthan(anyof)theotherstudentsintheschool.羅伯特在學(xué)校是最好的學(xué)生。Thiscomputeristhemostexpensiveofthethree.TThiscomputerismoreexpensivethantheothertwo,這臺(tái)電腦是三臺(tái)中最貴的。.最高級(jí)前有時(shí)可以加序數(shù)詞，表示“第……個(gè)最……的”。如：TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.黃河是中國(guó)第二長(zhǎng)河。二、重要詞匯No,Iamalittletallerthanher.alittle,mucha10tabit,far,any,no等可以+比較級(jí)worksashardasTina.塔拉學(xué)習(xí)跟蒂娜一樣努力?！?..(not)as+形容詞或副詞原級(jí)+as...”是一種原級(jí)比較，意思為“ 和 (不)一樣”。...notas+形容詞或副詞原級(jí)+as...表示雙方在某個(gè)方面不同。如：HisEnglishisnotasgoodashers.他英語(yǔ)不如她的好。他沒(méi)有他哥哥工作努力。Hedoesntworkashardashisbrother.他沒(méi)有他哥哥工作努力。as+形容詞或副詞原級(jí)+as表示雙方在某個(gè)方面一樣。如：Sheisastallasme.她跟我一樣高。Irunasfastashedoes,我跑得跟他一樣快。辨析beat/win相同點(diǎn)：都是動(dòng)詞，表示“贏”不同：beat+人/win+比賽，競(jìng)賽，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等名詞。如：Weplayedverywell,andbeatthem.我們發(fā)揮得很好，擊敗了他們。Theywonthematchthistime. 這次他們贏了這場(chǎng)比賽。about意為“關(guān)心；在意”，期中care是動(dòng)詞如：Weshouldcareabouttheoldpeople.我們應(yīng)該關(guān)心老年人。carefor表示“喜歡”，“關(guān)心”之意，后接名詞或v-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，takecareof也有這個(gè)意思。Hecarednothingforskating.他對(duì)滑冰沒(méi)有興趣。Inourclass,wecareforeachother.在我們班上，我們相互關(guān)心。Mariatakesgoodcareofeverybody.瑪麗亞很關(guān)心大家?！居亚殒溄印縞arefor還可以表示"照顧"，"照料"，相當(dāng)于takecareof或lookafter。Atnighthefedandcaredforthecattle.夜里他照料牲口，給牲口喂食。Youmustcareforyourselves.=Youmust100kafteryourselves.你們要照顧好自己。Thechildrenarewellcaredforinthenurseries.=Thechildrenaretakengoodcareofinthenurseries.孩子們?cè)谕袃核艿胶芎玫恼疹?。thinkagoodfriendmakesmelaugh.我認(rèn)為好朋友能使我開(kāi)心?！狶牢記：makesb.dosth.使某人做某事make+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞使某人/某事怎樣如:Ourteachermakesusworktenhoursaday我們老師讓我們一天學(xué)習(xí)10個(gè)小時(shí)。Hiswordsmakeushappy.他的話使我們感到很高興。atsb.笑話；取笑（某人）如：口。/七laughatme!不要取笑我！They’rebothtall.他們兩個(gè)都是高個(gè)子。bothadj./pron./adv.兩個(gè)都 用在be動(dòng)詞后，行為動(dòng)詞前。 Youarebothtooyoung./TheybothspeakEnglish.工Bothof…..+名詞復(fù)數(shù)（復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)）Bothoftheflowersarebeautiful.兩朵花都很漂亮。both…and…兩者都……（復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)） 反義詞組：neither…nor…兩者都不……（謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)按照就近原則）【友情鏈接】both與allboth指代兩者；all指代三者或三者以上如：Myparentsarebothfine。我父母都好。Weareallhere。我們都在這兒。common的用法【教材例句】Alltheseshowshaveonethingincommon... （P29）所有的這些節(jié)目都有一個(gè)共同特征這對(duì)夫婦好像沒(méi)有什么共同點(diǎn)。allkindsof的用法【教材例句】Allkindsofpeoplejointheseshows.（P29）各種各樣的人都參加這些節(jié)目?！居梅ā縜llkindsof意為“各種各樣的；各種類(lèi)型的“，kind在此用作可數(shù)名詞，意為“類(lèi)別；種類(lèi)”。常用短語(yǔ)有：akindof一種；differentkindsof不同種類(lèi)的。Eg.ThereareallkindsofbooksinShenzhenLibrary.深圳圖書(shū)館里有各種各樣的書(shū)?！就卣埂?1)kind還可用作形容詞，意為“和藹的；親切的；善良的”。如：It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.你能幫我真是太好了。(2)kindof意為“有幾分；有點(diǎn)兒”，常修飾形容詞。如：Wefeelkindofcoldhereintheroom.在這個(gè)房間里我們感覺(jué)有點(diǎn)冷。upto的用法【教材例句】That,suptoyoutodecide.(P29)那由你自己來(lái)決定?！居梅ā縝eupto意為“是……的職責(zé)；由……決定”，是一個(gè)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)。beuptosb.todosth.意為“應(yīng)由某人做某事”，常用于it作形式主語(yǔ)的句子中，有時(shí)也用this或that作主語(yǔ)。Eg.Lifeprovidesyouwithtimeandspace.It,suptoyoutofillit.生命只給你時(shí)間與空間。如何填滿(mǎn)它是你自己的事情。arole的用法【教材例句】Whenpeoplewatchtheshowtheyusuallyplayaroleindecidingthewinner.人們看這樣的節(jié)目時(shí)，通常承擔(dān)著評(píng)判優(yōu)勝者的角色?！居梅ā縫layarole是一種固定表達(dá)，意為“發(fā)揮作用；有影響”。若要進(jìn)一步引出具體的內(nèi)容，后面應(yīng)用介詞in表示，意為“在某事或某個(gè)方面起到作用或承擔(dān)某種角色”，同義短語(yǔ)為playapartin0Eg.Ifyougothere,youwillplayarole.如果你去了那兒，你會(huì)發(fā)揮作用的。up的用法【教材例句】Somethinkthatthelivesoftheperformersaremadeup.(P29)有些人認(rèn)為表演者的身世是編造出來(lái)的。后提腌(故,,猿恐：(化妝；打扮卜旦粵空組成；形成；構(gòu)成)Eg.1)It,snottrue.Shemadeitup.

這不是真的。是她編造出來(lái)的。ofsixwomen.Thecommitteeismadeupofsixwomen.委員會(huì)由六位婦女組成。Hisintelligencemadeupforhislackofpersonalcharm.他的智慧彌補(bǔ)了他的容貌缺陷。ofanoldwoman.Shemadeupforthepartofanoldwoman.她化妝扮演成一個(gè)老婦人。【拓展】與up相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)CUEUp切褲才rdressupCUEUp切褲才rdressup喬裝打扮'wakeup葡豪卜Hgetup起床？站起來(lái)]Tidyup收拾；整理|set叩建立stay叩熬夜；不睡覺(jué)叩相的短語(yǔ)|set叩建立stay叩熬夜；不睡覺(jué)叩相的短語(yǔ)hurryup快點(diǎn)-、beupto是+，,…的職賁[putup搭建；舉起[putup搭建；舉起Lqturnup調(diào)高；出現(xiàn)[pkkup撿起；接[pkkup撿起；接pjgrowup長(zhǎng)大；成熟；成長(zhǎng)]...seriously的用法【教材例句】However,ifyoudon’ttaketheseSiowstooseriously,theyarefuntowatch.但是如果你不把這些節(jié)目太當(dāng)回事，它們還是有看頭的。...seriously的用法【教材例句】However,ifyoudon’ttaketheseSiowstooseriously,theyarefuntowatch.但是如果你不把這些節(jié)目太當(dāng)回事，它們還是有看頭的?！居梅ā縯ake...seriously意為“認(rèn)真對(duì)待Eg.Weshouldn,ttakemoneytooseriously.我們不應(yīng)該把金錢(qián)看得太重。【拓展】與take相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)takecareof照顧；照料7(EkediaFtakecareof照顧；照料7(EkediaF寫(xiě)F;i己F、takesul取出；帶 出占卜t心一4舊”比緊張卜takepictumsfphctDN照相『相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)takesth.ELway=takcaway片⑶口31H.誠(chéng)去：拿走lakeaftersh.（外貌或行為）相像（父或母）lakeoff起E；匆匆離去；急忙離開(kāi)【特色講解】一、單項(xiàng)選擇()istalentedmusicbutIamgoodsports.,at,in,at,in()2.LiHua’sshoesareasasZhangHui’s.A.cheapB.cheaperC.thecheaper()3..—Areyourelaxingyourselfhere—Yes.Itistowalkslowlyalongtheriver.A.fantasticB.boringC.BadD.terrible(),sveryimportantforhimmelaugh.make()5.youdon,tgiveup(放棄)，yourdreamswillcometrue.A.AslongasB.AssoonasC.Aswellasoftenas()issimilarhermother.()don,treallycareifmyfriendsarethesamemeordifferentme.,as,from,from,as()youwanttobeastudenthelper,pleasecallhim443—5667.()ismyfriend.HeislessoutgoingthanIam.more()Beanenjoysjokesandoftenmakesus.tell,tolaugh,laugh ,laugh ,laughing()andhersisterquietandtheysports.both,bothlikeboth,likebothare,bothlikeare,likeboth()youwanttobeastudenthelper,youmustbegoodchildren.()13.heisveryyoung,hecandomanythings.

,but,/C./,though,but,/C./,though,though()canplaydrums,butSamcanplaytennis.,the,/C./,theD./,/()’sbooksarenewthan.【當(dāng)堂練習(xí)】基礎(chǔ)演練一、根據(jù)句意及首字母或中文提示完成單詞Mydaughtershowsa慶賦)inmusic.Thisquestionseemseasy，butnot(每個(gè)人)cananswerit.Ourteacheralwaysencouragesustobe(創(chuàng)造性的).LiTaowonthefirstpinthehandwritingcompetition.Youshouldtaketheexamss.Don’tbecareless.—Whatdoyouthinkofourcity倒目前為止)？—Verygood.Icanseealmost (各種各樣的)thingshere.二、用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空These(magician)areallfromChina.IthinkYangXiaodansingsless(beautiful)thanLiXin.Whowasthelast(win),Jimmy,JackorLindaTomenjoys(listen)totheradioeverymorning.Mr.Suisthe(poor)ofalltheteachers,butheisthe (hard-working).—Whoisthe(win)ofIamasingerin2013—Sorry,Idon,tknow.Mymothertoldmethething(serious),soIdidn,tknowwhattodo.一Didyoutellhimaboutthatcase一Heworkedso(care)thathedidn,thearwhatIsaid.Thenext(perform)isBen,andhewillplayapianopiece.Somestudentsinourschoolaretruly(talent).

鞏固提高三、完形填空AnEnglishtravellerfoundthathehadonly1tobuythetickettogobackhome.Asheknewthatitwould2himonlytwodaysto3toEngland,hedecidedthathecouldeasilydo4.Soheboughtaticketand5Asheknewthatitwould2himonlytwodaysto3toEngland,hedecidedthathecouldeasilydo4.Soheboughtaticketand5theship.Itwastimefeelandwenttobedearly,thenextdayhewas8hungrythathetimefeelandwenttobedearly,thenextdayhewas8hungrythathelunch.Hedidn’tgotohaveit.Intheevening,hesaidthathedidn’tcouldn'tstand(忍受)it9“I’mgoingtoeat,hesaid.Eveniftheythrowme10thesea.Afterheateeverythingthewaiter侍者)putinfrontofhimandhewasreadyforthecomingtrouble.“Bringmethebill(賬單，““I’mgoingtoeat,hesaid.Eveniftheythrowme10thesea.Afterheateeverythingthewaiter侍者)putinfrontofhimandhewasreadyforthecomingtrouble.“Bringmethebill(賬單，“hesaid.“Thebill,sir”saidthewaiter.Thereisn'tanybill.”Wastheanswer.Ontheshipmealsareincluded（包括）)1.enoughB.alotofmoneymoneyD.enoughmoneys)2.A.spendB.carryC.bringD.take)3.A.gettoB.arriveC.reachD.get)4.A.withfoodB.withoutfoodC.withfoodsD.withoutfoods)5.A.gotingotongotoffgotat)6.A.toB.haveC.forD.fora)7.A.troublewellC.goodD.better)8.A.tooB.soC.suchD.)9.anylongerB.nolongeranylongernolong)10.A.intoB.onC.inD.onto（包括）)1.enoughB.alotofmoneymoneyD.enoughmoneys)2.A.spendB.carryC.bringD.take)3.A.gettoB.arriveC.reachD.get)4.A.withfoodB.withoutfoodC.withfoodsD.withoutfoods)5.A.gotingotongotoffgotat)6.A.toB.haveC.forD.fora)7.A.troublewellC.goodD.better)8.A.tooB.soC.suchD.)9.anylongerB.nolongeranylongernolong)10.A.intoB.onC.inD.ontointhemoneyfortheticket.【當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)】一、單項(xiàng)選擇。( )1.—Excuseme.Whereisthepostoffice

—Sorry,Idontknow.Imnewtown.A.in B.on C.at D.from( )2.It’sfuntalentshows.A.watchB.towatchC.watchedD.watches( )3.CouldIaskyouquestionsyourserviceA.some;with B.any;aboutC.any;on D.some;about( )4.Ourcityisbecoming.moreandmostbeautifulmorebeautifulandmorebeautifulmoreandmorebeautifulbeautifulandbeautiful( )5.—thewoodenchair—Itstoohard.A.Whatdoyoulike B.HowdoyoulikeC.Whatabout D.Howabout( )6.Wateristhecheapestdrink.Anditisalso.A.healthier B.healthiestC.thehealthier D.thehealthiest( )7.ComehereatChristmas!Youcanbuyclothesinayear.A.thecheapest B.cheaperC.theworst D.worsethanis( )8.Davidisstudentinourclass.Nobodyisthanishim.A.taller;tallest B.taller;tallC.tallest;taller D.thetallest;taller( )9.Peopleinthistownareall,butlittleAlice,sfamilyofall.busy;busythebusiest;busybusy;busythebusiest;busyD.busy;thebusiestC.thebusiest;thebusiestD.busy;thebusiestintheworld.( )10.TheChangjiangRiveristhethirdintheworld.A.longriver B.longriversC.longestrivers D.longestriver二、根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思補(bǔ)全下列句子，每空一詞.這家電影院有最好的音響。Thismovietheaterhas ..影視城等待的時(shí)間最短。ScreenCityhasthe ..那是離你家最近的郵局嗎Isthatpostoffice yourhome.你可以在鑫鑫服裝店買(mǎi)到最便宜的衣服。Youcanbuyclothes inXinxinClothesStore..哪家電臺(tái)播放最無(wú)聊的歌曲Whichradiostation songs三、閱讀理解AOursummerholidayslasttwomonths.Inthelastweekoftheholidayswegetreadyforschool.Webuypencils,pens,paper,newbooksandcopybooks.Onthefirstdayofschoolweseeallouroldfriendsagainandwetelloneanotherabouttheholidays.Afterthatwegointoclass.Itishardtokeepquiet(安靜的)andpayattention(注意)totheteacher.Healwayssayswithalaugh,“Youforget(忘記)moreintwomonthsthanyoulearninayear.”( )haveofsummerholidays.sevenweeksmonthsweek weeks( )takesusaweekto.books pensandpencilstoschool readyforschool( )tell.friendsabouttheholidaysteacherabouttheholidays

friendsabouttheholidaysteacherabouttheholidaysfriendsabouttheteacher teacheraboutourfriends’holidays( )can,tlistentotheteacher.hard( )teachersaysthat.forgettoomuch learnmuchinayearlearnverymuchintwomonthswilllearnmoreinayearBMrWhitewasatthewindowofatraininastation.HewasgoingtoNewYork,andhewasveryangry.Thetrainbeganmovingandanoldportercametothewindow.MrWhiteshoutedangrilyattheporter,“Igaveyoumyluggage(行李anhourago,butyouhaven,tputitinthetrain.Whyisn,tithere,andwhehaveyouputitTheporterlookedatMrWhiteandsaid,“Ilookedforyoueverywhere,butIdidn,tfindyou.Yourluggageisn,tasfoolishasyouare.You,reinthewrongtrain.ThisoneisgoingtoWashington.”( )Whitewasangrybecausehetfindhisluggagethetrainbeganmovingtfindhisluggagethetrainbeganmovingluggagewaslost,tliketheporter()Whitedidn'tknowtogowasinthewrongtrainthetrainbeganmovingwasinthewrongtrainthetrainbeganmoving( )thestory,waswrong.porter train White( )por