2014年職稱英語理工類B級真題及答案

經(jīng)典word整理文檔，僅參考，雙擊此處可刪除頁眉頁腳。本資料屬于網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，如有侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系刪除，謝謝！B第一部分：詞匯選項下面共有15個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請從每個句子后面所給的4個選項中選擇1個與劃線部分意義最相近的詞或短語。1.Themajorityofpeoplearoundherearedecent.A.realB.honestC.normalD.wealthy2.Thecurriculumwastoonarrowandtoorigid.A.hiddenB.traditionalC.inflexibleD.official3.Thecommitteewasaskedtorenderareportonthehousingsituation.A.furnishB.copyC.publishD.summarize4.Afterwardstherewasjustafeelingoflet-down.A.excitementB.disappointmentC.angerD.calm5.Severalwindowshadbeensmashed.A.cleanedB.replacedC.fixedD.broken6.Theworstagoniesofthewarwerenowbeginning.A.painsB.partsC.aspectsD.results7.Londonquicklybecameaflourishingport.A.majorB.largeC.successfulD.commercial8.Shefeltthatshehaddonehergooddeedfortheday.A.homeworkB.justiceC.modelD.act9.Heledaverymorallife.A.humanB.intelligentC.naturalD.honourable10.Hisstomachfelthollowwithfear.A.sincereB.respectfulC.emptyD.terrible11.Itwasamajicnightuntilthespellwasbroken.A.timeB.charmC.spaceD.opportunity12.Hisprofessionalcareerspanned16years.A.startedB.changedC.movedD.lasted13.Theyaretryingtoidentifywhatiswrongwiththepresentsystem.A.discoverB.proveC.considerD.imagine14.HisknowledgeofFrenchisfair.A.veryusefulB.verylimitedC.quitegoodD.ratherspecial15.Thegroupdoesnotadvocatetheuseofviolence.A.limitB.regulateC.opposeD.support第1,共頁第二部分：閱讀判斷下面的短文后列出了7果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A;如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B;如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇。SoMany'Earths'TheMilkyWay(銀河)containsbillionsofEarth-sizedplanetsthatcouldsupportlifethatsthefindingofanewstudy.ItdrawsondatethatcamefromNASAstopplanet-huntingtelescope.AmechanicalfailurerecentlyputthatKeplerspacetelescopeoutofservice.Keplerhadplayedabigroleincreatingacensusofplanetsorbitingsome170,000stars.Itsdatahavebeenhelpingastronomerspredicthowcommonplanetsareinourgalaxy.ThetelescopefocusedonhuntingplanetsthatmighthaveconditionssimilartothoseonEarth.Theauthorsofastudy,publishedinTheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofsciences,concludethatbetween14and30outofevery100stars,withamassandtemperaturesimilartotheSun,mayhostaplanetthatcouldsupportlifeasweknowit.SuchaplanetwouldhaveadiameteratleastaslargeasEarth’s,butnomorethantwicethatbig.Theplanetalsowouldhavetoorbitinastar’shabitablezone.That’swherethesurfacetemperaturewouldallowanywatertoexistasaliquid.Thenewestimateofhowmanyplanetsmightfittheseconditionscomesfromstudyingmorethan42,000starsandidentifyingsuitableworldsorbitingthem.Thescientistsusedthosenumberstoextrapolate(推算)totherestofthestarsthatthetelescopecouldnotsee.Theestimateisrough,theauthorsadmit.Ifappliedtothesolarsystem,itwoulddefineashabitableazonestartingasclosetotheSunasVenusandrunningtoasfarawayasMars.NeitherplanetisEarthlike(althougheithermighthavebeeninthedistantpast).Usingtighterlimits,theresearchersestimatethatbetween4and8outofevery100SunlikestarscouldhostanEarth-sizedworld.Theseareonesthatwouldtake200to400daystocompleteayearlyorbit.Fouroutofevery100sunlikestarsdoesn’tsoundlikeabignumber.Itwouldmean,however,thattheMilkyWaycouldhostmorethanabillionEarth-sizedplanetswithachangeforlife.16.TheKeplerspacetelescopehasbeeninservicefor15years.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned17.ThemaintaskoftheKeplerspacetelescopeistofindoutplanetswithsimilarconditionstos.A.Right18.TheplanetthatcouldsupportlifemightbealittlebitsmallerthanEarth.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned19.TheEarthisplanetorbitingintheSun’shabitablezone.A.RightB.WrongC.NotmentionedB.WrongC.Notmentioned第2,共頁20.Thenewfindingisbasedonathoroughstudyof170,000starsintheMilkyWay.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned21.Theestimateofthenumberofplanetsthatcouldsupportlifeisnotveryaccurate.A.Right22.Thisisthefirstresearchfindingabouttheplanetswithachanceforlife.A.RightB.WrongC.NotmentionedB.WrongC.Notmentioned第三部分：概括大意與完成句子閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項測試，任務(wù)：(1)1-4題要求從所給的4個選項中為段每段選擇1個正確的小標(biāo)題;(2)第5-8題要求從所給的5個選項中選擇4個正確選項，分別完成每個句子。ClimateChange:TheLongReach1.Earthiswarming.Sealevelsarerising.Theresmorecarbonintheair,andArcticiceismeltingfasterthanatanytimeinrecordedhistory.Scientistswhostudytheenvironmenttobettergauge(評估).Earthsfutureclimatenowarguethatthesechangesmaynotreverseforaverylongtime.2.Peopleburnfossilfuelslikecoalandoilforenergy.Thatburningreleasescarbondioxide,acolorlessgas.Intheair,thisgastrapsheatatEarth’ssurface.Andthemorecarbondioxidereleased,themoretheplanetwarms.Ifcurrentconsumptionoffossilfuelsdoesn’tslow,thelong-termclimateimpactscouldlastthousandsofyears-andbemoreseverethanscientistshadbeenexpecting.ClimatologistRichardZeebeoftheUniversityofHawaiiatManoaoffersthisconclusioninanewpaper.3.Mostclimate-changestudieslookatwhat’sgoingtohappeninthenextcenturyorso.Duringthattime,changesintheplanetsenvironmentcouldnudge(推動)globalwarmingevenhigher.Forexample:Snowandicereflectsunlightbackintospace.Butasthesemelt,sunlightcannowreach--andwarm–theexposedground.Thisextraheatraisestheairtemperatureevenmore,causingevenmoresnowtomelt.Thistypeofrapidexaggerationofimpactsiscalleda‘fastfeedback’.4.Zeebesaysit’simportanttolookatfastfeedbacks.However,headds,they’relimited.Fromaclimatechangeperspective,‘Thiscenturyisthemostimportanttimeforthenextfewgenerations’,hetoldScienceNews“Buttheworldisnotendingin2100”.Forhisnewstudy.Zeebehowfocuseson“slowedbacks”.Whilefastfeedbackeventsunfoldoverdecadesorcenturies,slowfeedbackscantakethousandsofyears.Meltingofcontinentalicesheetsandthemigrationofplantlife---astheyrelocatetomorecomfortableareas---aretwoexamplesofslowfeedbacks.5.Zeebegatheredinformationfrompreviouslypublishedstudiesinvestigatinghowsuchprocessesplayedoutoverthousandsofyearsduringpastdramaticchangesinclimate.Thenhecameupwithaforecastforthefuturethataccountsforbothslowandfastfeedbackprocesses.Climateforecaststhatuseonlyfastfeedbackspredicta4.5degreeCelsius(8.1degreeFahrenheit)changebytheyear3000.Butslowfeed第3,共頁backsaddedanother1.5℃--fora6totalincrease,Zeebereports.Healsofoundthatslowfeedbackeventswillcauseglobalwarmingtopersistforthousandsofyearsafterpeoplerunoutoffossilfuelstoburn.23.Paragraph2________24.Paragraph3________25.Paragraph4________26.Paragraph5________A.ApredictionoffutureclimatechangeB.ImpactofburningfossilfuelsC.FastfeedbacksD.UnpredictabilityoffeedbackprocessesE.RisingofsealevelsF.Slowfeedbacks27.Arcticicehasneverbeenmeltingsofastin_______28.Meltingofsnowandiceenablessunlighttoreach________29.Zeebecameupwithhisfutureclimatepredictionbyanalyzing________30.Afterfossilfuelsareusedup,globalwarmingwillcontinuefor________A.rapidexaggerationofimpactsB.averylongtimeC.theextraheatD.previouslypublishedstudiesE.theexposedgroundF.recordedhistory第四部分：閱讀理解短文后有54后面的問題，從4個選項中選擇1個最佳答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。第一篇Eye-trackerLotsYouDragandDropFileswithaGlanceBoredofusingamouse?Soonyou'llbeabletochangestuffonyourcomputerscreen–andthenmoveitdirectlyontoyoursmartphoneortablet)–withnothingmorethanaglance.AsystemcalledEyeDropusesahead-mountedeyetrackerthatsimultaneouslyrecordsyourfieldofviewsoitknowswhereyouarelookingonthescreen.Gazingatanobject–aphoto,say–andthenpressingakey,selectsthatobject.Itcanthenbemovedfromthescreentoatabletorsmartphonejustbyglancingattheseconddevice,aslongasthetwoareconnectedwirelessly."Thebeautyofusinggazetosupportthisisthatoureyesnaturallyfocusoncontentthatwewanttoacquire,"saysJaysonTurner,whodevelopedthesystemwithcolleaguesatLancasterUniversity,UK.第4,共頁TurnerbelievesEyeDropwouldbeusefultotransferaninteractivemaporcontactinformationfromapublicdisplaytoyoursmartphoneorforsharingphotos.Abuttonneedstobeusedtoselecttheobjectyouarelookingatotherwiseyouendupwiththe"Midastouch"(點石成金)effect,wherebyeverythingyoulookatgetsselectedbyyourgaze,saysTurner."Imagineifyourmouseclickedoneverythingitpointedat,"hesays.ChristianHolz,aresearcherinhuman-computerinteractionatYahooLabsinSunnyvale,California,saysthesystemisanicetakeongettingroundthisfundamentalproblemofusinggaze-trackingtointeract."EyeDropsolvesthisinaslick(靈巧的)waybycombiningitwithinputonthetouchdeviceswecarrywithusmostofthetimeanywayandusingtouchinputasaclutchingmechanism,"hesays."Thisnowallowsuserstoseamlesslyinteractacrossdevicesfarandcloseinaverynaturalmanner."Whilecurrenteye-trackersareratherbulky,mainstreamconsumerdevicesarenottoofaraway.SwedishfirmTobiiisdevelopinggaze-trackingtechnologythatcanbeinstalledinlaptopsandtabletsandisexpectedtobeavailabletobuynextyear.AndtheGoogleGlassheadsetisexpectedtoincludeeye-trackinginthefuture.Turnersayshehasalsolookedathowcontentcanbecutandpastedordrag-and-droppedusingamixofgazeandtapsonatouchscreen.ThesystemwaspresentedattheConferenceonMobileandUbiquitousMultimediainSweden,lastweek.31.Theeye-trackertechnologyenablesusto______A.changeourcomputerscreen.B.focusonanythingthatinterestsus.C.getasmartphoneconnectedwirelessly.D.moveanobjectfromscreenwithaglance.32.Whyisabuttonneeded?A.TominimizethecostofEyeDrop.B.Tochooseasmanyobjectsaspossible.C.TomakeEyeDropdifferentfromothers.D.Toselectwhatwewant.33.Theword“thisinParagraph6refersto_______A.applicationofgaze-trackinginhuman-computerinteraction.B.interactionbetweenhumanandcomputer.C.combinationofgaze-trackingwithinputontouchdevices.D.generalizationofEyeDropsystem.34.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueofeye-trackersforconsumerdevices.A.Theyarecostly.B.Theyareavailable.C.TheyareinstalledinGoogleGlassheadset.D.Theyareexpectedtocomeoutsoon.35.WhatisTurnerlikelytostudynext?A.Howtodraganddropwithgazeandtaps.B.Howtopresentthesysteminpublic.第5,共頁C.Howtogettouchscreeninvolved.D.Howtocutandpastecontentfromapublicdisplay.第二篇SpaceTheRussianMirSpaceStation,whichcamedownin2001atlastafter15yearsofpioneeringtheconceptoflong-termhumanspaceflight,isrememberedforitsaccomplishmentsinthehumanspaceflighthistory.Itcanbecreditedwithmanyfirstsinspace.TheSovietUnionlaunchedMir,whichwasdesignedtolastfromthreetofiveyears,onFebruary20,1986,andhoused104astronautsover12yearsandsevenmonths,mostofwhomwerenotRussian.Infact,itbecamethefirstinternationalspacestationbyplayinghostto162peoplefrom11countries.From1995through1998,sevenastronautsfromtheUnitedStatestookturnslivingonMirforuptosixmonthseach2.Theywereamongthe37Americanswhovisitedthestationduringninestopoversbyspaceshuttles.Themorethan400milliontheUnitedStatesprovidedRussianforthevisitsnotonlykeptMiroperating,butalsogavetheAmericansandtheirpartnersintheinternationalstationprojectvaluableexperienceinlong-termflightandmultinationaloperations.AdebatecontinuesoverMir’scontributionstoscience.Duringitsexistence,Mirwasthelaboratoryfor23,000experimentsandearnedscientificequipment,estimatedtobeworth$80million,frommanynations.3ExperimentsonMirarccreditedwitharangeoffindings,fromthefirstsolidmeasurementoftherationofheavyheliumatomsinspacetohowtogrowwheatinspace.Butforthosefavouringhumanspaceexploration,MirshowedthatpeoplecouldliveandworkinspacelongenoughforatriptoMars.Thelongestsinglestayinspaceisthe437.7daysthatRussianastronautValeryPolyakovspentonMirfrom1994to1995.AndSergieAvdeyevaccumulated747.6daysinspaceinthreetripstothespacestation.ThelongestAmericanstaywasthatofShannonLucid4,whospent188daysaboardMirin1996.DespitethemanyfirstsMiraccomplished,1997wasabadyearoutof15forMir,In1997,anoxygengeneratorcaughtfire.Later,themaincomputersystembrokedown,causingthestationtodriftseveraltimesandtherewerepowerfailures.Mostoftheseproblemswererepaired,withAmericanhelpandsuppliers,butMir’sreputationasaspacestationwasruined.Mir’ssetbacksarcnothing,though5,whenwecomparethemwithitsaccomplishments.Mirwasatremendoussuccess,whichwillberememberedasamilestoneinspaceexplorationandthespacestationthatshowedlong-termhumanhabitationinspacewaspossible.Butit’stimetomoveontothenextgeneration.TheInternationalSpaceStationbeingbuiltwillbebetter,butitowesagreatdebttoMir.36.WecanlearnfromthepassagethattheMirSpaceStationA.wasdesignedtolastover5years.B.playedhostto7astronautsfromdifferentcountries.第6,共頁C.wasvisitedonlybyAmericans.D.wasbuiltbyRussians.37.OneofthecontributionsMirmakestoscienceisthat,itA.helpastronautsgetclosetoMars.B.enablesscientiststodevelopnewscientificequipment.C.setsarecordofthelongestsinglehumanstayinspace.D.showsthatmultinationaloperationsinspacearelessexpensive.38.WhathappenedtoMirin1997?A.itranoutitsfund.B.itwascompletelydamagedbyfire.C.itsreputationwasruinedduetopowerfailures.D.itsmaincomputersystembrokeout.39.ItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatA.spaceexplorationwillnotexperiencesetbacks.B.itisdifficultforotherspacestationsexceedMir’ssuccess.C.Miristhebestlong-termhumanhabitationinspaceinhistory.D.multinationalspaceoperationaregettingmoreaccomplishments.40.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardMir?A.indifferent.B.ironic.C.favorable.D.negative第三篇ApproachestoUnderstandingIntelligencesItbaystobesmart,butwearenotallsmartinthesameway.Youmaybeatalentedmusician,butyoumightnotbeagoodreader.Eachofusisdifferent.Psychologistsdisagreeaboutwhatisintelligenceandwhataretalentsorpersonalabilities.Psychologistshavetwodifferentviewsonintelligence.Somebelievethereisonegeneralintelligence.Othersbelievetherearemanydifferentintelligences.SomepsychologistssaythereisonetypeofintelligencethatcanbemeasuredwithIQtests.Thesepsychologistssupporttheirviewwithresearchthatconcludesthatpeoplewhodowellononekindoftestformentalabilitydowellonothertests.Theydowellontestsusingwords,numbersorpictures.Theydowellonindividualorgrouptests,andwrittenororaltests.Thosewhodopoorlyononetest,dothesameonalltests.Studiesofthebrainshowthatthereisabiologicalbasisforgeneralintelligence.Thebrainofintelligencepeopleuselessenergyduringproblemsolving.Thebrainwavesofpeoplewithhigherintelligenceshowaquickerreaction.Someresearchersconcludethatdifferencesinintelligenceresultfromdifferencesinthespeedandeffectivenessofinformationprocessingbythebrain.HowardGardner,apsychologistattheHarvardSchoolofEducation,hasfourchildren.Hebelievesthatallchildrenaredifferentandshouldn’tbetestedbyoneintelligencetest.AlthoughGardnerbelievesgeneralintelligenceexists,hedoesn’tthinkittellsmuchaboutthetalentsofapersonoutsideofformalschooling.Hethinktha第7,共頁tthehumanmindhasdifferentintelligences.Theseintelligencesallowustosolvethekindsofproblemswearepresentedwithinlife.Eachofushasdifferentabilitieswithintheseintelligences.Gardnerbelievesthatthepurposeofschoolshouldbetoencouragedevelopmentofallofourintelligences.Gardnersaysthathistheoryisbasedonbiology.Forexample,whenonepartoftheBrainisinjured,otherpartsofthebrainstillwork.PeoplewhocannottalkbecauseofBraindamagecanstillsing.So,thereisnotjustoneintelligencetolose.GardnerhasIdentified8differentkindsofintelligence;linguistic,mathematical,spatial,musical,Interpersonal,intrapersonal,body-kinesthetic身體動覺的),andnaturalistic.41.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Howtounderstandintelligence.B.Theimportanceofintelligence.C.Thedevelopmentofintelligencetests.D.Howtobecomeintelligent.42.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueconcerninggeneralintelligence?A.Mostintelligentpeopledowellonsomeintelligencetests.B.Peopledoingwellononetypeofintelligencetestdowellonothertests.C.Intelligentpeopledonotdowellongrouptests.D.Intelligentpeopledobetteronwrittenteststhanonoraltests.43.Gardnerbelievesthat________.A.childrenhavedifferentintelligences.B.allchildrenarealike.C.childrenshouldtakeoneintelligencetest.D.thereisnogeneralintelligence.44.AccordingtoGardner,schoolsshould________.A.testQs.B.trainstudentswhodopoorlyontests.C.focusonfindingthemostintelligentstudents.D.promotedevelopmentofallintelligences.45.Gardnerthinksthathistheoryhasa________.A.musicalfoundation.B.biologicalfoundation.C.intrapersonalfoundation.D.linguisticfoundation.第五部分：補(bǔ)全短文56內(nèi)容選擇5在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。TheDayaLanguageDied第8,共頁WhenCariosWestezdiedattheageof76,alanguagedied,too.Westez,morecommonlyknownasRedThunderCloud,wasthelastspeakeroftheNativeAmericanlanguageCatawba.AnyonewhowantstohearthesongsoftheCatawbacancontacttheSmithsonianInstitutioninWashington,D.C.,where,backinthe1940s,RedThunderCloudrecordedaseriesofsongsforfuturegenerations.________(46)TheyareallthatisleftoftheCatawbalanguage.Thelanguagethatpeopleusedtospeakisgoneforever.Weareallawareofthedangerthatmodernindustrycancausetheworldsecology(生態(tài)).However,fewpeopleareawareoftheimpactwidelyspokenlanguageshaveonotherlanguagesandwaysoflife.Englishhasspreadallovertheworld.Chinese,Spanish,Russian,andHindihavebecomepowerfullanguagesaswell.Astheselanguagesbecomemorepowerful,theiruseastoolsofbusinessandcultureincreases.Aswell,_________(47)Whenthishappens,hundredsoflanguagesthatarespokenbyonlyafewdieout.Scholarsbelievetherearearound6,000languagesaroundtheworld,butmorethanhalfofthemcoulddieoutwithinthenext100years.Therearemanyexamples,ArakiisanativelanguageoftheislandofVanuatu,locatedinthePacificOcean.ItisspokenbyonlyafewoldersolikeArakiwillsoondisappear.Manylanguagesofethiopiawillhavethesamefatebecauseeachonehasonlyafewspeakers._________(48)IntheAmericas,100languages,eachofwhichhasfewerthan300speakers,aredyingout.RedThunderCloudwasoneofthefirsttorecognizethedangeroflanguagedeathandtotrytodosomethingaboutit.HewasnotactuallybornintotheCatawbatribe,andthelanguagewasnothismothertongue._________(49).ThesongshesangfortheSmithsonianInstitutionhelpedtomakeNativeAmericanmusicpopular.Nowheisgone,andthelanguageisdead.Whatdoesitmeanfortherestofuswhenalanguagedisappears?Whenaplantinsectoranimalspeciesdies,itiseasytounderstandwhathasbeenlostandtoforthebalanceofthenaturalword.However,languageisonlyaproductofthemind.TobethelastremainingspeakerofalikeRedmustbeapeculiarlylonelydestiny,almostasstrangeandterribleasbeingthelastsurvivingmemberofadyingspecies.________(50)A.Astheselanguagesbecomemorepowerful,theiruseastoolsofbusinessandcultureincrease.B.However,hewasafrequentvisitortotheCatawbareservationinSouthCarcinomawherehelearnedthelanguage.C.PapusNewGuinesisanextremelyrichsourceofdifferentlanguage，butmorethan100ofthemareindangerofextinction().D.Fortherestofus,whenalanguagedies,welosethepossibilityofauniquewayofseeinganddescribingtheworld.E.Somepeoplemightwanttolearnsomeofthesesongsbyhearts.F.Theselanguagesdon’thavemanynativespeakers.第9,共頁第六部分：完形填空閱讀下面的短文，文中有15處空白，每處空白給出了4個選項，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容從4個選項中選擇1個最佳答案。UndergroundCoalFiresCoalburningdeepundergroundinChina,IndiaandIndonesiaisthreateningtheenvironmentandhumanlife,scientistshavewarned.Theselargescale______(51)blazes火焰)causethegroundtemperaturetoheatupandkillsurroundingvegetation,producegreenhousegasesandcan______(52)ignite(點燃)forestfires,agroupofscientiststoldtheannualmeetingoftheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScienceinDenver.Theresulting______(53)ofpoisonouselementslikemercurycanalsopollutelocalwatersourcesandsoils,theywarned.“Coalfiresareaglobaldisaster,”saidAssociateProfessorGlennStracherofEastGeo