西屋電氣是世界著名的電工設(shè)備

西屋電氣公司是世界著名的電工設(shè)備500億計(jì)的家庭，建筑，部門(mén)都在使用Westinghouse的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。該公司于1886年1月8日，由喬治·威斯汀豪斯在賓夕法尼亞州創(chuàng)立。公司總部設(shè)在賓夕法尼亞州匹茲堡市。1889年時(shí)曾改名西屋電工制造公司（WestinghouseElectricManufacturing），年月改用現(xiàn)名。西屋電氣在世界個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)設(shè)有家工廠,125000135000人，年銷(xiāo)售額107億(1986)。其主要業(yè)務(wù)領(lǐng)域涉及發(fā)電設(shè)備、輸變電設(shè)備4000假如在此之前你不知道西屋電氣的創(chuàng)始人喬治·威斯汀豪斯，但提到愛(ài)迪生你一1886年，40歲的喬治·威斯汀豪斯男子在賓夕法尼亞州創(chuàng)立了西屋電氣公司，變?nèi)祟愇拿鬟M(jìn)程的偉大發(fā)明相繼問(wèn)世，眾多“第一”使Wsetinghouse西屋電氣成為96%消費(fèi)者滿意度的原因。西屋電氣不僅在民用電器產(chǎn)品領(lǐng)域擁有“第一”名號(hào)，更重要的是西屋電氣也是工業(yè)時(shí)期頂尖代表。西屋不僅是最大的核電技術(shù)供應(yīng)商，參與創(chuàng)造第一座核電站，1886年，公司在建立了第一座交流發(fā)電廠，1890年建立了第一條交流輸電線路，1895年在尼亞加拉瀑布安裝了第一臺(tái)水輪發(fā)電機(jī)（5000千瓦），1900年制造出第一臺(tái)汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)。1955年試制成超臨界、二次再熱汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)，1957年建成了第一座核電站。大古力水電站的巨型水電機(jī)組也是西屋電氣公司制造。公司還最早制成500千伏六氟化硫斷路器,701100千伏安變壓器,此外還在世界上率先生產(chǎn)低損習(xí)、培訓(xùn)。其中有褚應(yīng)璜、丁舜年等，他們中很多人電工發(fā)展的骨干力量。80年Firstcontinuous-filamenttungstenlightbulbFirstall-electrickitchenFirstU.S.-madedieselelectricmarinepropulsionFirstfactory-builtradioreceiversforhomeuseFirstinternationalshortwaveradiobroadcast evisioncameratube,theIconoscopeWorld'sfastestelevatorsbuiltforNewYork'sRockefellerCenterFirstindustrialatom-GeneratorsbeginproducingpoweratGrandCouleeDamFirstelectricclothesFirstall-weatherairportapproachlightingFirstcomputer-controlledetypenetworkFirst"Instant-On"FirstairbornesurveillanceradarsystemWestinghousecamerascapturemoonwalkforviewersbackonIntroductionofthe501Ggasturbine,thelargestandmostefficientofitstypeintheworldEnergyStar?lightbulbs,lightingfixturesandceilingfansintroducedEyeSaver?lightFirstconsumerLCDTV1080pmonitorintroducedSlim,ecoandvividLEDTV'sintroducedRugged,hardworkinggeneratorsforhomeorInnovative,dependableresidentialandcommercialsolarpowersystemsTheWestinghouse4K110"UltraHigh-DefinitionIntroducingthepower-anything,goanywhereWH2000iDigitalInverterDigitalLED-based4k ctiveWhit WestinghouseHomeSecurity:NucliWestinghouseBatteries:JumpStarter西屋電氣是全球領(lǐng)先的核電技術(shù)服務(wù)提供商和環(huán)保服務(wù)巨頭，公司于1957年為賓夕法尼亞州的一座核電站提供了世界上首臺(tái)壓水堆核電機(jī)組。目前，全球近50%、近60%正在運(yùn)行的商業(yè)核電站均采用了西屋電氣的核電技術(shù)。與此同PCCCISO國(guó)際質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，確保產(chǎn)品100%。西屋電氣的發(fā)20141號(hào)機(jī)組鋼制安全殼頂封頭吊裝就位，而此次穹頂?shù)跹b的AP1000核電項(xiàng)目的承諾。西屋電氣新電站業(yè)務(wù)高級(jí)副貝杰明表示，吊裝工作的順利完成，是西屋電氣更加2028個(gè)在建。中國(guó)希望減少發(fā)電對(duì)高成本和污染環(huán)境的化石的依賴。中核董事長(zhǎng)孫勤最近接受路透采訪時(shí)稱，未來(lái)六年或許還會(huì)建20個(gè)核反應(yīng)堆。中國(guó)計(jì)劃到2020年把核電裝機(jī)容量提高到5,800萬(wàn)千瓦。據(jù)的數(shù)據(jù)，目前1,569萬(wàn)千瓦。西屋電氣中國(guó)家居環(huán)境健康相關(guān)系列產(chǎn)品技術(shù)，共享知識(shí)、共同開(kāi)發(fā)。西屋電氣公司持續(xù)滿足用戶需求，注重引進(jìn)海內(nèi)外高端專業(yè)人才，強(qiáng)化ElectricWestinghousehistory1886:WestinghouseElectricwasfoundedinPittsburghbyGeorgeWestinghouse;firstpatentfiledfora'SystemofElectricalGeneration"[4]1888:GeorgeWestinghouseacquiredpatentsfromNikolaTeslaforapolyphaseACsystemandaninductionmotor.[5]1889:WestinghouseElectricchangeditsnametoWestinghouseElectricandManufacturing.1890:Westinghouseinstalledthefirstlong-distanceelectricpowertransmission,covering14betweenWillametteFallsandPortland,Oregon.1891:WestinghouseinstalledthefirsthighvoltagetransmissionlinesconnectingSanAntonioCanyonwithPomonaandSanBernardino,California.1893:WestinghouselitupChicagoWorldFairwithaquartermillionlights;demonstratespolyphaseACgenerationanddistributionsystem.1894:Westinghouseintroducedthefirstpracticalpolyphaseinductionmotorthatcouldprovideconvenientpowerforindustry.1900:Westinghouseenterprisesemployed50,000people;builtthefirstelectricutilityturbinegeneratorforHartford(Connecticut)ElectricLight.1904:Westinghouseformedasix-manindustrialresearchdepartmentatanEastPittsburghlab.1906:WestinghouseformallyestablishedaResearch1909:Westinghouseintroducedthefirstcontinuous-filamentIncandescentlight1910:GeorgeWestinghouse1911:Westinghouseintroducedamarinegeared-turbinedrivepoweringtheUSSNeptune.1914:GeorgeWestinghousedied,hislifeworkincluding361patentsandthefoundingof60companies.1915:WestinghousewasamongthefirstU.S.companiestoestablishapensionnforallemployees.1919:WestinghousebuiltthefirstUS-madediesel-electricmarinepropulsion1920:WestinghouseestablishedmodernbroadcastingwithstationKDKA;demonstratedevisioninlaboratory.1921:Westinghousesellsfirstfactorymaderadioreceiversforhomeuse,after19171922:WestinghousestartedworkingwithNetherlands-basedN.V.HeemaftoaccessEuropeanmarketafteritintroducedtheno-brake-motorin1921.[6]1926:Westinghousedevelopedagrid-glowtube,or"electric1931:WestinghouseelectrifiedSS Coolidge,thelargestU.S.merchantshipofitstime.1932:WestinghouseannouncedtheIgnitronmercury-arc1937:WestinghouseengineerscreatedthefirstindustrialAtom-Smasherascenterpieceofnuclearphysicsresearch.1940–1944:Westinghouseranked21stamongUnitedStatescorporationsinvalueofWorldWarIIproductioncontracts.[7]1945:WestinghouseElectricandManufacturingchangeditsnametoWestinghouseElectricCorporation.1954:WestinghousebuilttheS2WreactorfortheUSSNautilus,theworld'sfirstnuclear-poweredsubmarine.1960:WestinghousebuilttheA2WreactorfortheUSSEnterprise,theworld'sfirstnuclear-poweredaircraftcarrier.1972:WestinghouseandNewportNewsShipbuildingandDrydockformOffshorePowerSystemsnningtobuildfloatingnuclearpowerntsforPublicServiceElectricandGas.1984:OffshorePowerSystemswasshutdownaftercompletingnofloatingnuclearpowernts.1995:WestinghouseboughtCBSfor$5.4bn;[8]begansellingoffother1996:WestinghousepurchasedInfinityBroadcasting;solddefenseelectronicsbusinesstoNorthropGrummanfor$3bn.[9]1997:WestinghousechangeditsnametoCBSCorporation;solditsnon-nuclearpowergenerationunittoAG,whichoperateditintheUSunderthenameWestinghousePowerGenerationuntil2005.1998:CBSCorporationcreatedWestinghouseLicensingCorporation(WestinghouseElectricCorporation)subsidiarytomanagetheWestinghousetrademarks.1999:CBSCorporationsolditsnuclearbusiness(WestinghouseElectric)toBritishNuclearFuelsLimited(BNFL).[10]2000:CBSCorporationwasmergedinto (1971-2005),thusputtinganendtotheoriginalWestinghouse.Fiveyearslater, becameCBSCorporation,andspunoffitsnon-broadcastingassetsasanew .CBSCorporationcontinuestooperatetheWestinghouselicensingdivisiontothepresence.WestinghouseElectric'shistory1999:WestinghouseElectricofficiallybeganoperationsasBNFL'snuclearpowerbusiness.2000:BNFLboughtABBGroup'snuclearpowerbusiness,andmergedinto2004:Westinghousebidsfortwo reactorsites;theUSExport-Importbankapproved$5billioninloanguarantees[11]2006:WestinghouseacquiredPaRNuclear/EdererNuclearCranes,providingfuelandcaskhandlingequipmentsystems.WestinghouseElectricwassoldbyBNFLtoToshiba,2007:WestinghousewonNationalNuclearCorporation'sbidfor4AP1000reactorsincludingTechnologyTransferagreement;acquiredISTNuclearofISTHoldings(SouthAfrica);CarolinaEnergySolutions(CES)anditsaffiliatesAggressiveEquipment(AE),nowWECMachining;ConstructionInstituteofAmerica(CIA),nowWECWeldingInstitute;andCarolinaUnitedServices,nowCarolinaUnionServices;Astare,aFrenchnuclearengineeringheadquarterednear2009:WestinghouseacquiredNuclearFuelIndustries,Japan'ssoleproducerofnuclearfuelforboiling-waterreactorandpressurizedwaterreactorsfor$100million[12]andCSInnovations,LLC,anInstrumentationandControl(I&C)nuclearproductrtothedigitalI&Csafetysystemupgrademarket.2010:Westinghouseannouncedinvolvementinanew,ultra-largeforgingpressintheUKtobebuiltatSheffieldForgemastersinYorkshire;tookamajorstakeinSpringfieldsFuelLimitedintheUK.WestinghousemovedworldheadquartersfromMonroeville,Pennsylvania,toCranberryTownship,Pennsylvania.2012:Westinghousecut200jobscitingtheFukushimadisaster,Germany'sEnergiewendeandlownaturalgasprices.[13]Duringthe20thcentury,Westinghouseengineersandscientistsweregrantedmorethan28,000USernmentpatents,thethirdmostofany.[14]WestinghouseElectricandCBSNamingFurtherinformation:WestinghouseAlthoughnolongerassociatedwiththecurrentCBSCorporation,WestinghouseElectricLLCasof2011stillusesthetrademarksownedbyWestinghouseLicensingCorporation,[15]CBS'brandmanagementsubsidiary,underlicense,asisthecasewithotherWestinghouseKDKAWestinghouseElectricwastheprimarysponsorin2010forthe90thcelebrationofKDKA,aradiostationlicensedtoPittsburgh,launchedbytheoriginalWestinghouseonNovember2,1920,andwhichisnowownedbyCBSRadio.NewgenerationofArevivedinterestinthenuclearpowergenerationfield[when?]ledtoWestinghouse'sdevelopmentoftheAP1000reactor,thefirstGenerationIII+reactortoreceivefinaldesignapprovalfromtheNRCin2004.[16]Asof2014,fouroftheseunitsareunderconstructionin,thoughthefirstwasduetocomeon-lineinNovember2013.[17]andhasbeendelayeduntilDecember2014.Thedelayduetotheconstantlychanging,andconsequentlyuntested,designpromptedLiYulun,formervice-ofNationalNuclearCorporation,in2013toraiseconcernsoverthesafetystandardsofthent.Citingalackofoperatinghistory,hequestionedthemanufacturer'sassertionthattheAP1000reactor's"primarysystemcannedmotorpumps"were"maintenance-"over60years,theassumedlifeofthereactor,andnotedthatWestinghousehadyettoreceiveapprovalfromBritishonanimprovedversionofAP1000.[18]AsofJanuary2009,sixAP1000ntshadbeenorderedintheUS,andseveralothercustomershadchosentheAP1000,iftheyweretobuildnewnuclearnts,foracombinedtotalofatleast14newnts,announcedbytheNuStartConsortium,DukePower,ProgressEnergy,SouthernNuclearandSCE&G.[17]InMay2011aftertheFukushimaDaiichinucleardisaster,USernmentregulatorsfoundproblemswiththedesignoftheshieldbuildingofthenewreactors.GregoryJaczko,chairmanoftheNuclearRegulatoryCommissionsince2005saidthatcomputationssubmittedbyWestinghouseaboutthebuilding’sdesignappearedtobewrongand“hadledtomorequestions.”Hesaidthehadnotusedarangeofpossibletemperaturesforcalculatingpotentialseismicstressesontheshieldbuildingintheeventofanearthquake,forexample.TheNRCaskedWestinghousenotonlytofixitscalculations,butalsotoexinwhyitsubmittedflawedinformationinthefirstce.Westinghousecounteredthatthe“confirmatoryitems”thatthecommissionwasaskingforwerenot“safetysignificant.”[19]InNovember2011,theAP1000OversightGrouppublishedareporthighlightingsixareasofmajorconcernandun-reviewedsafetyquestionsrequiringimmediatetechnicalreviewbytheNRC.ThereportconcludedthatcertificationoftheAP1000shouldbedelayeduntiltheoriginalandcurrent“unansweredsafetyquestions”raisedbytheAP1000OversightGroupareresolved.[20]InDecember2011,theUK’sOfficeforNuclearRegulationpublishedadesignassessmentreportontheAP1000reactorwhichhighlighted51'GenericDesignAssessment'issuesremainingthatmustbeaddressedbeforetheassessmentwouldbeInOctober2013,USenergysecretaryErnestMonizannounced,thatwastosupplycomponentstotheUSnuclearpowerntsunderconstructionaspartofabilalco-operationagreementbetweenthetwocountries.Since’sStateNuclearPowerTechnologyCo(SNPTC)acquiredWestinghouses'sAP1000technologyin2006,ithasdevelopedamanufacturingsupplychaincapableofsupplyinginternationalpowerprojects.[22]IndustryystshavepointedoutthattherearegapsinthesupplyInternationalWestinghouseElectricfullyownsseveralsubsidiariesinEurope,suchastheEuropeanServiceCenter,alsocalledWestinghouseElectricBelgiumlocatedinNivelles,Belgium,whereequipmentispreparedforprojectsthroughoutEurope.AfterWestinghouse's1990takeoverofABBReaktorinGermany,ittransferredradiologicalstorageactivitieslocatedinLadenburg,Germany,toconsolidateinNivelles,whichhadtobeextended.[citationneeded]SoonafterwardsanotherexpansionwasnecessaryasemployeesintheBrusselsofficeweretransferredtoNivelles.Itwasestimatedthat200peoplewereworkinginNivellesattheendof2011.In2001,WestinghousetookoverLogitestinLesUlis,France,oneof3companiesqualifiedtoinspectnucleargeneratorntsforElectricitédeFrance.[24]AftertheFrenchnuclearmarketpartiallyopenedin2004torsfromoutsidethecountrytofulfillEuropeanCommissiondirectivesregardinginternationalcompetition,WestinghousestartedtoexpanditsbusinessinFrancewithaWestinghouseteamlocatedinMetzinchargeofrepair,recementandautomationservices.By2005Westinghousehad160employeesinFranceandtwo-thirdsofWestinghouse'sbusinessinFrancewasfuelsupply.[25]WestinghouseElectriqueFranceislocatedinOrsayandManosquenearMarseille(engineeringdevelopment).Asof2014,about400employeesarepartofWestinghouseinFrance.WestinghouseownsanuclearfuelfabricationntatV?ster?s,SwedenwhichhasprovidednuclearfuelfornuclearreactorsfromEasternBlockcountries.The2008contractwithhasbeencrucialforthent.WestinghousealsohasbusinesslocationsinGermany,Spain,theUK,Russia,andInSouthKorea,Westinghousehasbeeninvolvedintheconstructionofnewntssince1972,withthefirstntKoriNuclearPowerntstartingupin1977andincommercialoperationin1978,followedbyeightreactorsunderconstructionintheearly1980s.CombustionEngineering(nowWestinghouse)enteredintoaten-yeartechnologytransferprogramwiththeKoreannuclearindustryaimingatself-reliance,whichwasextendedin1997.[26]InDecember,2006,’sStateNuclearPowerTechnology(SNPTC)selectedWestinghousetoprovidefournewAP1000nuclearpowernts.[14]Thefirstwasduetocomeonlinein2013,hasbeendelayeduntiltheendof2014.[18]WestinghousehasbeeninvolvedinSouthAfricathroughsupportoftheKoebergNuclearPowerStationsincethe1990s,bothreactorsareWestinghouse-licensed.In2007WestinghouseacquiredISTNuclear(Pty),andwonthefinalbiddingprocessfornewnuclearntsinSouthAfrica,forwhichitsignedanMOUin2013.[27]ISTNuclearprovidesservicesandsystemsforthepebble-bedreactor.EnvironmentalTherehavebeenanumberofmajorWestinghouse-relatedenvironmentalsintheUS.Belowisashortlistofthese.Sharonnt:TheWestinghouseSharonntisa58-acrefacilityWestinghousepower-ntandproductionfacilityinMercerCounty,Pennsylvania.TheEPA'sRecentSecond5-YearOverview(2013)ofthistoxicSuperfundsitedeterminedthattheShenangoRiverisheavilypollutedduetoWestinghouseoperationsinthisarea.Thereportnotesthat"thePCBconcentrationsinthefishtissueresultsforthechannelcatfishandsmallmouthbasssamples,anunacceptableriskispresentevenfor[...]consumptionratesofonemealpermonth"[28]AdamsCountynt:Westinghousewasfined$5.5millionin1996forpollutinggroundwaterinover100wells,aswellasandotherwatersources,whileoperatingitsAdamsCounty,Pennsylvaniant.Toxicdegreasersandotherchemicalswerereleasedovera5-yearperiodinthe80s,thoughthelegalbattlewasnotsettleduntiltheEPA'sinvolvement.(PittsburghPost-Gazette–Nov12,1996)HorseheadsSite:WestinghouseisresponsibleforillegalpollutionatwhatisnowknownastheKentuckyAvenueWellfieldSuperfundsiteinHorseheads,NewYork.Westinghouseknowinglypollutedacresofsoil,affectingthesafetyofanearbyaquiferandwellsusedbyresidents.Onephaseoftheclean-upeffortdescribes"WestinghouseElectricCorporation'sfacility,designated"DisposalAreaF"andthe"FormerRunoffBasinArea,"whicharecontaminatedwithvolatileorganiccompounds(VOCs),polycyclicaromatichydrocarbons(PAHs)andarsenic,willbecleanedupusingacombinationofsoilexcavationandsoilvaporextraction.AtDisposalAreaF,theareaofcontaminationisabout0.3acres.AttheFormerRunoffBasinArea,thecontaminatedsoilscoverapproximay0.7acres.Disposaloftheexcavatedsoilswillbeatappropriateoff-sitefacilities.TheremovalofthePAHsandarseniccontaminationwillprotectsiteworkersandemployeesattheWestinghousefacilityandthecleanupoftheVOCswillhelprestorethequalityoftheNewtownCreekAquifer."[29]Sunnyvalent:TheextentofthepollutionatthisSunnyvale,Californiasitehasbeenfoundtocoverthefollowing:"GroundwaterandsoilarecontaminatedwithPCBs,fuels,andvolatileorganiccompounds(VOCs).Potentialhealththreatstoarearesidentsincludeaccidentallyingestingorcomingintodirectcontactwithsitecontaminantsinsoilorgroundwater."Therearemunicipaldrinkingwaterwellswithin1/4fromthissite,and300,000peoplegettheirdrinkingwaterfromwithinthreeofthesite.[30]SaletoInJuly2005BNFLconfirmeditnnedtosellWestinghouse,thenestimatedtobe$1.8bn(￡1bn).[citationneeded]However,thebidattractedinterestfromseveralcompanies,includingToshiba,GeneralElectricandMitsubishiHeavyIndustries.WhentheFinancialTimesreportedonJanuary23,2006thatToshibahadwonthebid,itvaluedthe'sofferat$5bn(￡2.8bn).[31]OnFebruary6,2006ToshibaconfirmeditbuyingWestinghouseElectricfor$5.4bnandannounceditwouldsellaminoritystaketoinvestors.[32]ThesalesurprisedmanyindustryexpertswhoquestionedthewisdomofBNFLsellingoneoftheworld'slargestproducersofnuclearreactorsshortlybeforethemarketfornuclearpowerwasexpectedtogrowsubstantially;,theUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdomwereallexpectedtoinvestheavilyinnuclearpower.[33]Reasonsinfavorofasalewere:Thecommercialriskofthe'sbusinessinAsiamayhavebeentoohighforathenownedbytaxpayers;ifWestinghousewonthebidforanynewnuclearstationsinaUKcompetition,questionsmayberaisedoffavoritism,butifitlost,itmighthavebeenseenasalackoffaithinitsowntechnology.Finally,therecordofUKernmentsbuildingnuclearntshadbeenacommercialdisaster.[34]OnOctober16,2006theacquisitionofWestinghouseElectricfor$5.4billionwascompleted,withToshibaobtaininga77%share,partnersTheShawGroupa20%shareandIshikawajima-HarimaHeavyIndustriesCo..a3%share.[35]On13August2007Toshib