人教版高中英語(yǔ)選修7教師用書(shū)：Unit5Section-ⅣGrammar---Writing含答案

Section_WGrammar&Writinglg犍和巨 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉如識(shí)旌備一、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的概念非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的作用是對(duì)所修飾的成分做進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，通常和主句間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。boughtmeacomputer色mybirthdaypresent,,whichboughtmeacomputer色mybirthdaypresent,,which1"質(zhì)wh肛t］kingedfor, 二Heoftencomestoschoollate,whichmakeshisteacherangry.他經(jīng)常上課遲到，這使得他的老師很生氣。Sheeatstoomuch,whichmakesherheavierandheavier.她吃得太多，這使她越來(lái)越胖。二、引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有as,which,whom,who,whose；關(guān)系副詞有when,where等GuoAilun,asyouknow,isanexcellentbasketballplayer.你知道，郭艾倫是一名優(yōu)秀的籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員。MrSmith,whosefootwasbadlyhurt,wasquicklysenttothelocalhospital.史密斯先生的腳受了重傷，很快就被送到了當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)院。We,llgraduateinJuly,whenwewillbefree.我們將于七月份畢業(yè)，到那時(shí)我們就自由了。［考題印證］1①（北京高考改編）IborrowedthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,whichmyclassmatesrecommendedtome.②（四川高考改編）Untilnow,wehaveraised50,000poundsforthepoorchildren,whichisquiteunexpected.③（天津高考改編）Wehavelaunchedanothermanmadesatellite,which_isannouncedintoday,snewspaper.④（浙江高考改編）Ellenwasapainterofbirdsandofnature,who,forsomereason,hadwithdrawnfromallhumansociety.1.as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別意義as常用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話(huà)人對(duì)于某事的態(tài)度、解釋或評(píng)論等，含有“正如……”的意思which一般表示某事的狀況或結(jié)果位置as引導(dǎo)的從句放在主句的刖面、中間或末尾which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放在主句之后Asweallknow,TaiwanbelongstoChina.正如我們所知，臺(tái)灣屬于中國(guó)。AllenmademuchprogressinEnglish,whichdelightedus.艾倫英語(yǔ)取得了很大進(jìn)步，這使我們很高興。as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，常與thesame,such,as等連用，在句中常作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，常用在一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中。asissaidabove如上所述asisalreadymentionedabove就跟上邊所提到的那樣asisknowntoall眾所周知asisoftenthecase就跟經(jīng)常的情況那樣asoftenhappens就跟經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣asisreported就跟所報(bào)道的那樣asyoucansee就跟你看到的那樣［考題印證］2①（江蘇高考改編）Thenumberofsmokers,asisreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.②（山東高考改編）Thereisnosimpleanswer,asisoftenthecaseinscience.③（安徽高考改編）Alotoflanguagelearning,ashasbeendiscovered,ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife,soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod.三、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。該結(jié)構(gòu)中關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用whom,指物時(shí)用亞成g，不可用that;關(guān)系代詞在從句中作定語(yǔ)時(shí)用whose。Ihadtoldthemthereason,forwhichIdidn,tattendthemeeting.我沒(méi)有去開(kāi)會(huì)，我已經(jīng)把理由告訴他們了。Heboughtthecarformorethan$20,000,withwhichhisfatherwasveryangry.他花兩萬(wàn)多美元買(mǎi)了這輛車(chē)，他父親對(duì)此很生氣。fromwhere也可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。Westoodatthetopofthehill,fromwherewecanseethewholetown.我們站在山頂上，從那里可以看到整個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)。［考題印證］3①（天津高考改編）Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,eachofwhichusesitdifferently.②（浙江高考改編）Thechildren,allofwhomhadplayedthewholedaylong,werewornout.四、使用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)需注意的問(wèn)題.that不能用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞，對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾，這時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，不用why引導(dǎo)，用forwhich代替why。.先行詞為獨(dú)一無(wú)二的物體時(shí)，一般用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。Thesun,whichrisesintheeast,givesuslightandheat.太陽(yáng)從東邊升起，給我們光和熱。TheGreatWall,whichiscalledinChinese“TheTenThousandLiGreatWall”,isactuallymorethan6,000kilometers.長(zhǎng)城，中國(guó)人稱(chēng)作“萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城”，實(shí)際不只有6,000千米。??專(zhuān)服緣5］用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句連接兩個(gè)句子Shehastwodaughters;theybothmarriedrichmen.—Shehastwodaughters,whobothmarriedrichmen.HevisitedtheGreatWallagain.Hewenttheretwoyearsago.—HevisitedtheGreatWallagain,where.he.wenttwo.yearsago.Hefailedintheexamination.Itmadehisfatherveryangry.—Hefailedintheexamination.whichmadehisfatherveryangry.HemustbefromAfrica.Itcanbeseenfromhisskin.—HemustbefromAfrica,which/ascanbeseenfromhisskin.Hehastwosons.Bothofthemworkaschemists.—Hehastwosons,bothofwhomworkaschemists.Heisamanofgreatexperience.Muchcanbelearnedfromhim.fHeisamanofgreatexperience,fromwhommuchcanbelearned.II.用定語(yǔ)從句完成句子Helivedinabighouse,in_front_of_which（在它的前面）stoodabigtree.Thereare40peopleintheteam,halfofwhom（他們當(dāng)中有一半人）arefromthecountryside.Let'sfixthedateforthemeeting,when_we_will_talk_about（到那時(shí)我們將討論）theissuecarefully.Thevillageisnotthesameoneasitusedtobe（正如它過(guò)去的樣子）.Hecametothestreet,in_which（在街上）hehadfirstmetSue.Mary,whQismybestfriend（她是我最好的朋友），willcometoseemetomorrow.Sheboughtsomecloth,with_which（用它）tomakethedress.Theboyhidbehindthecurtain,fromwhere（從那里）hecouldseethebeautifulview.H作觀(guān)摩假設(shè)你是李華。你的外國(guó)筆友Jane打算于七月來(lái)中國(guó)，特來(lái)信了解中國(guó)人的社交習(xí)俗。請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)回一封信，從以下幾個(gè)方面作具體介紹。.見(jiàn)面時(shí)的問(wèn)候方式；.對(duì)贊美的回答方式；.接收禮物時(shí)的回應(yīng)方式；.餐宴禮節(jié)。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右，信的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)束語(yǔ)已為你寫(xiě)好（不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)）。2.可根據(jù)內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，使行文連貫。DearJane,Gladtohearfromyouandyou,rewelcometoChinainJuly.Ihopewhat,smentionedabovemightbehelpfulandwishyouagoodjourney.Yourssincerely,LiHuaDearJane,Gladtohearfromyouandyou,rewelcometoChinainJuly.ThefollowingaresomeChinesecustoms.?Firstly,wegreeteachotherbysaying“Hello”oraskingsuchquestionsas“Whereareyougoing？”oraAreyoubusy？”toexpressourcare.?Secondly,whenpraised,wereplywith“Oh,no！”or“I'moverpraised”toshowgoodmanners.③Next,whenreceivingagift,weusuallysayaIt'sunnecessary”besidessaying“Thanks”toshowpolitenessandthenputitaway.?Finally,atdinnerparties,wetalkloudlyandtouchglasseswhendrinkingtosomeone'shealthorsuccesstoshowthatwe'rewarm.⑤Anyhow,differentcultureshavedifferentcustoms.Ifyou“DoastheRomansdowheninRome”，you'llenjoymoreofyourstayhere.Ihopewhat'smentionedabovemightbehelpfulandwishyouagoodjourney.Yourssincerely，LiHua,》》結(jié)構(gòu)分析■■本文可分為三個(gè)部分。第一部分為第一段，呼應(yīng)筆友的來(lái)信；第二部分為第二、三段，作者根據(jù)筆友的問(wèn)題作出答復(fù)并提出中肯的建議；第三部分是最后一段，作者提出了自己的希望和建議?！贰妨咙c(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊■■亮點(diǎn)一：整篇文章內(nèi)容充實(shí)，語(yǔ)意連貫。第①②③④⑤句中過(guò)渡詞firstly,secondly,next,finally,anyhow的使用使文章流暢自然。亮點(diǎn)二：①句中的such...as...結(jié)構(gòu)，②③④句中省略結(jié)構(gòu)whenpraised,whenreceiving,whendrinking的使用使文章更加簡(jiǎn)潔明快、重點(diǎn)突出。??I技法指導(dǎo)如何寫(xiě)書(shū)信寫(xiě)書(shū)信時(shí)首先應(yīng)該注意寫(xiě)信的格式，即開(kāi)頭（一般給出信的開(kāi)頭）和結(jié)尾，然后根據(jù)一定的情境和所提供的信息，把情況介紹清楚，可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，使句子意思完整、語(yǔ)句通順。書(shū)信一般采取三段式結(jié)構(gòu)：第一段：提一提來(lái)信提到的事情，自然引入要談?wù)摰脑?huà)題。第二段：針對(duì)來(lái)信中的問(wèn)題，提出自己的看法。在表達(dá)自己的建議時(shí)要有的放矢、切中要害，力求簡(jiǎn)潔扼要。在說(shuō)理的過(guò)程中要盡量站在對(duì)方的角度客觀(guān)地分析問(wèn)題，努力做到邏輯分明、理由充分；在提建議時(shí)，要注意選用合適的詞匯或句型委婉地提出自己的建議讓對(duì)方思考。第三段：簡(jiǎn)潔地提出希望自己的建議對(duì)其有所幫助或是表示自己良好的祝福。［黃金表達(dá)］常用的開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)：ThankyouforyourletterdatedSeptember1.YourkindletterofNovember22ndarrivedthismorning.Yourletterwhicharrivedthismorninggavemeagreatcomfort.Inreplytoyourletter,Iwanttosay...Thankyouverymuchforyourletterandthegiftyousentme.Manythanksforyourkindletterwhichreachedmeyesterday.Ihavethepleasure/honortoinform/tellyouthat...Imustapologizefornotwritingtoyouforsolong.Iamwritingtoyou...Iamexcited/glad/happytolearnthat...常用的結(jié)束語(yǔ)：Awaitingyourgoodnews.Hopingtohearfromyousoon.amlookingforwardtoyourreplyatyourearliestconvenience.amlookingforwardtoournextmeeting..Yourearlyreplywillbehighlyappreciated..Pleasewritetomewhenyouhavetime.hopeeverythingwillbewellwithyou..Pleaseletusknowifyouwantmoreinformation..Pleaseremembermetoyourfamily..Withbestregardstoyourfamily.??號(hào)馥緣5］假設(shè)你是李華，作為選派的交流學(xué)生在美國(guó)某中學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)了一年，寄住在MrBrown家里,剛回到國(guó)內(nèi)?；貒?guó)后你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的一本英語(yǔ)詞典遺忘在他家，因此給他寫(xiě)一封信，請(qǐng)他幫助寄回詞典。信的主要內(nèi)容如下：.感謝在