八年級牛津版(上冊)unit1課文

Unit1Encyclopaedias一、詞匯課文復現(xiàn)二、詞匯句型語法知識拓展三、高頻詞匯inventorincludemusicianwinfindout四、語法專題復合不定代詞someanysomebodyanybodynobody（some和any）被動語態(tài)初步認識五、課文重點句型及短語歸納encyclopaedian.百科全書humanadj. 人的dinosaurn. 恐龍﹡Italiann.意大利人，Italyn意大利AllroadsleadtoRome.（諺）條條大路通羅馬；殊途.Romewasnotbuiltinaday.（ 諺）羅馬城不是一天建成的；偉業(yè)非一日可成WheninRomedoastheRomansdo.inventorn. 發(fā)明家musiciann. 音樂家scientistn. 科學家bornv.（beborn） 出生countrysiden. 鄉(xiāng)村;農(nóng)村TheItalianmusicianwasborninFrance,andwhenhewasattheageoffive,hetogetherwithhisparentsmovedtoItaly.Helikeddrawing,playingmusicandinventingthingsatschool.Hehadmanyinventions,elligencen.才智;智慧﹡artisticadj.有藝術天賦的12.abilityn.才能；能力13.perhapsadv.可能;大概14.inventionn.發(fā)明15.notebookn.筆記本16.includev.包括；包含17.evenadv.(強調(diào)出乎意料）甚至18.howeveradv.然而19.suddenlyadv.突然；忽然20.nobodypron.沒有人21.﹡fossiln.化石22.winv.(won,won)( 在比賽中)獲勝,贏23.dollarn.元（美國、加拿大等國貨幣單位）24.inthecountryside 在鄉(xiāng)村;在農(nóng)村25.humanbeing人26.dieout滅絕;消失27.findout 了解(到);弄清28.goforawalk去散步一、詞匯課文復現(xiàn)一、課文再現(xiàn)Lookitup!Herearetwoarticlesfromanencyclopaedia.DaVinci,LeonardoLeonardodaVinci(1452-1519)wasanItalianpainter,inventor,musician,engineerandscientist.DaVinciwasborninthecountryside.Fromanearlyage,heshowedgreatintelligenceandartisticability.Ashegrewolder,helearnttodomanydifferentthings.Hispaintingsareveryfamous,andone,theMonaLisa,isperhapsthemostfamouspaintingintheworld.Healsohadmanyinventions.Forexample,hisnotebooksincludesomeinterestingdrawingsofflyingmachines.(SeeArt)DinosaursDinosaurslivedonEarthmorethan60millionyearsbeforehumanbegins.TheylivedeverywhereonEarth.Somedinosaurswereassmallaschickens.Otherswereasbigastenelephants.Somecouldevenfly.Manydinosaursateplants.However,somedinosaurslikedtoeatmeat.DinosaurslivedonEarthformorethan150millionyears.Then,suddenly,theyalldiedout.Nobodyknowswhy.However,wecanlearnaboutthemfromtheirfossils.(SeeEarthhistory)查找它這里有來自百科全書的兩篇文章。列奧納多?達?芬奇列奧納多?達?芬奇(1452-1519)是意大利畫家,發(fā)明家,音樂家,工程師和科學家。達芬奇出生在農(nóng)村。從很小的時候,他表現(xiàn)出極大的智慧和藝術才能。當他長大時 ,他學會了做很多不同的事情。他的畫是非常出名的 ,其中一個,蒙娜麗莎,也許是世界上最著名的畫。他也有很多發(fā)明。例如,他的筆記本包括一些有趣的飛行機器的圖畫。 (見藝術)恐龍恐龍生活在地球上人類6000萬多年前。他們生活在地球各個地方。一些恐龍和雞一樣小。其他的有十頭大象一樣大。一些甚至可以飛。許多恐龍吃植物。然而,一些恐龍喜歡吃肉?？铸堅诘厍蛏仙盍?.5億多年。然后,突然,他們都滅絕了。沒有人知道為什么。不過,我們可以從化石中了解他們。(見地球歷史)P.13MorepracticeAustralia'sbigattractionsAustraliaisaverybigcountry.Italsohasmanybigattractions.TheBigBananaTheBigBananaisinCoffsHarbour.Itwasmadein1964byJohnLandy.Landywantedsomethingtomakepeoplecometohisfruitshop,sohebuilttheBigBanana.Theideaworked.ManypeoplevisitedhisfruitshopandtookpicturesoftheBigBanana.SoonpeoplealloverAustraliabeganmakingbigthings.TheBigMerinoTheBigMerinoisinthecityofGoulburn.Merinosareatypeofsheep.Theycanliveindryweather.SomeplacesinAustraliaareverydry,sothesesheepareveryimportanttothefarmersthere.InsidetheBigMerino,thereisasmallmuseumaboutthehistoryofwoolinAustralia.VisitorscanalsoclimbuptotheBigMerion 'sheadandlookattheviewthroughitseyes.二、詞匯句型語法知識拓展painterpaint動詞改為名詞加上后綴-erteach-teachersing-singerread-readervisit-visitorinvent-inventor有些動詞加上-er或者加上-or變?yōu)槊~多指男性，若指女性加后綴-ressactor-actresswaiter-waitresstailor-tailoressauthor-authoresscookn./v.Ihavesomequestionsaboutdinosaurs.About指代內(nèi)容比較普遍,on暗指內(nèi)容是專門的，是學術性的Thereisn 'tanybodyintheroom.不定代詞為單數(shù)Therebe這里有復合不定代詞Isthereanythingontheblackboard?(P9)Isthereanythingonthenoticeboard?(P9)Isthereanybodyabovetheteacher?(P9)Isthereanybodybythewindow?(P9)Isthereanythingabovetheteacher?(P9)Isthereanythingundertheteacher'sdesk?(P9)Isthereanyonebehindtheteacher?(P9)Isthereanythingonthebookcase?(P9)Isthereanyonenexttothepiano?(P9)Grammar復合不定代詞、some和anysome和any都可以修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)或者不可數(shù)名詞，表示“一些?? .”,但是二者在用法上還是有一定的區(qū)別的。、some一般用于肯定句或者表示請、建議并希望得到肯定答復的疑問句中。Davidhassomefriendsinshanghai.MayIhavesomechicken?Wouldyoulikesomenoodles?、any一般用于否定句和疑問句中Maryhasn'tgotanypens. 瑪麗沒有鋼筆。(1)It'spolitetotake flowersasagiftwhenyougotovisitafriend.A.littleB.anyC.some(2)Thereisn 'twaterintheglass.Let 'sgoandgetsome.A.manyB.lotsC.anyD.some、復合不定代詞高頻考點1)Isawnobody.)Thereisnotanybodyintheroom.)Isthereanythingonthebookcase?復合不定代詞一般是用some,any,no,every與one,thing,body組合構成的。）一般來說，some構成的復合不定代詞用于肯定句中，any構成的復合不定代詞用于否定句或疑問句中。5）復合不定代詞作主語的時候，謂語用單數(shù)形式Somebodywantstoseeyou.6）形容詞修飾復合不定代詞的時候，要放在代詞的后面Doyouhaveanythingimportanttotellus?above在上方，兩者不接觸belowAboveonoverBelowbeneathunderon在...上面，兩者接觸over“在 正上方”表示兩者垂直，但不接觸，也可指“籠罩或者覆蓋在上面”underbetweenamongThemoonisnow thetrees.Thebooksare thetable.Thereisabridge theriver.6.It'salwaysusefultohaveanencyclopaediaaroundthehouse.(P10)It's+adj+forsbtodosth... 對于某人來說做某...事..是It為形式主語，沒有實際意義，正真的主語是后面的不定式短語...Aweeklater (P12)一段時間+later,表示一段時間之后，常用于過去時。表將來的一段時間之后 表花費：sb.spend(s)/spent on?sth.sb.spend(s)/spent?(in)doingsth.sb.pay(s)/paid ?fosrth.sth.cost(s)sb.?ittakes/tooksb. ?todosth.注意各句型中主語、介詞及動詞(本身及后面接的動詞)的形式spenttenyuanbuyingthisbook.=Ispenttenyuanonthisbook.=Thisbookcostmetenyuan.=Ipaidtenyuanforthisbook.=Ittookmetenyuantobuythisbook.Anencyclopaediaoftenconsistsofanumerofbooks.Thesebooksarecalledvolumes.(P14)anumberof+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)alotof+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞eg.Alotofpeoplewerequeuingforthefilm.許多人排隊等著看那部電影.（可用anumberof代替）Ihaven'tgotalotoftime. 我時間不多了.（不可用anumberof代替）注：短語thenumberof?（??的數(shù)目）做主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolis900. 我們學校的學生數(shù)目是900。as+adj/adv（原級）+as和?一樣??Somedinosaurswereassmallaschickens.Otherswereasbigastenelephants.（P3）Iamastallasmysister. 我和姐姐一樣高。（tall,形容詞）Heworksashardasme.他工作和我同樣努力。（hard,副詞）Shesingsaswellasme. 她唱得和我一樣好。（well,副詞）Hedrawsascarefullyashiselderbrother. 他畫畫畫得和他哥哥一樣仔細認真。Theboyisasintelligentashisbrother.Youshouldwriteascarefullyasyourfather.Theyspeakasslowlyastheoldman.、as+形容詞、副詞（原級）as 、as之后跟形容詞的情況，如下：1）在as...as之前是be動詞，第一個as之后跟形容詞2）在as...as之前是感官動詞look,feel,smell,sound,taste,第一個as之后跟形容詞：3） 在as...as之前是：remain,keep,seem...第一個as之后跟形容詞、在其它行為動詞之后，第一個as之后必須跟副詞的情況：除以上1）、2）、3）所列動詞的其他行為動詞否定形式:notas/so+adj/adv( 原級)+as不如??一樣Heisnotastallasme.Heisnotsotallasme.=Heisshorterthanme.=Iamtallerthanhe.Sometimesanencyclopaediatellsuswheretolookformoreinformationonasimilarsubject..(P14)lookforfindfindoutlookfor強調(diào)"找"的動作和過程。如：I'mlookingformybook. 我正在找我的書。find強調(diào)"找"的結果，即"找"到還是沒"找"到。如：Ilookformybookeverywhere,butIcan'tfindit. 我到處找我的書,但沒找到。findout表示"查出,努力查找"。往往是指通過努力去查明事情的真相或查找答案等。如：老師試著查出誰沒在Theteachertriestofindoutwhoisnotintheclassroom.教室。老師試著查出誰沒在find表示"找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)"。往往是找到或發(fā)現(xiàn)的結果。如Ifoundmybikeinthecornerofapark.Ididn'tfindmykey,soIwasnotabletogointomyroom.Manyshoesnowadaysaremadeofplasticorsimilarstuff.如今，許多鞋子是用塑料或類似的材料制成的。Acatissimilartoatigerinmanyrespects. 貓和虎在很多方面相似。similar=thesameThesetwosignaturesareverysimilar,canyoutellthemapart? 這兩處簽名非常接近，你能把它們區(qū)分開來嗎？Similarconditionsaretobefoundinothercountries.在其他國家也會發(fā)現(xiàn)同樣的情形。Itwasmadein1964byJohnLandy.(P13)這是一個被動句，謂語wasmade意為“被建造”英語中有兩個語態(tài)，主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài):ManypeoplespeakEnglish.主語謂語動詞賓語被動語態(tài):Englishisspokenbymanypeople.主語be+動詞過去分詞by+主動語態(tài)中的主語Landywantedsomethingtomakepeoplecometohisfruitshop,sohebuilttheBigBanana.(P13)Makesbdosth have/letManypeoplevisitedhisfruitshopandtookpicturesofBigBanana.(P13)Takepictures/takephotosof VisitorscanclimbuptotheBigMerino 'sheadandlookattheviewthroughitseyes..(P13)Through介詞，通過，透過，強調(diào)從物體內(nèi)部通過LookthroughgothroughSometimesanencyclopaediatellsuswheretolookformoreinformationonasimilarsubject..(P14)Information信息，情報，資料。它是不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復數(shù)形式。Advice,music,work,weather,fun attheendof 在的末尾，在的盡頭(P4)Thereisaparkattheendoftheroad.Intheend最后WhenIwasyoung,Iusedtokeepanotebook.(P4)usedtodo 過去常常做某事否定：didn'tuseto Theywerenotverygood,buttheyhelpedmethinkanddream.Helpsbtodosth 幫助某人做某事Helpabwithsth SheoftenhelpsmetostudyEnglish.=SheoftenhelpsmewithmyEnglish.Helponeselfto Can'thelpdoing Shecan'thelplaughing.Ashegrewolder,helearnttodomanydifferentthings.as的用法as引導時間狀語從句時?？珊蛍hen換用，但較強調(diào)同時發(fā)生，多指短暫動作。AsIleftthehouse,Iforgotthekey. 我離家時，忘了帶鑰匙。as還可說明兩種正在發(fā)展或變化的情況，“隨著...”的意思，表時間的推移。如：AsIgetolder,Igetmoreoptimistic. 隨著年齡的增長，我變得更加樂觀。as表“一邊?一邊?”，引出伴隨動作。Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent. 他匆忙地回家，邊走邊往后看。用以強調(diào)兩個動作緊接著發(fā)生。Ashewasgoingout,itbegantorain. 當他出去的時候，天開始下雨了。as有時引出一個名詞，相當于一個時間狀語從句。Asaboy(whenhewasaboy),hewashopelessatmaths.當他是孩子時，他對數(shù)學失去希望。4)as、when、while用法一覽表。類別作用例句asas表示“當??的時候”，往往和when/while通用，但它著重強調(diào)主句與從句的動ShecameupasIwascooking.（同時）Therunnersstartedasthegunwent作或事情同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生。off.(幾乎同時)when(atorduringthetimethat) 既可以表示在某一點的時候，又可表示在某一段時間內(nèi)，主句與從句的動作或事情可以同時發(fā)生也可以先后發(fā)生。Itwasrainingwhenwearrived.（ 指時間點）Whenwewereatschool,wewenttothelibraryeveryday.（在一段時間內(nèi)）whilewhile意思是“當??的時候”或“在某一段時間里”。主句中的動作或事情在從句中的動作或事情的進展過程中發(fā)生，從句中的動詞一般要用延續(xù)性動詞。在when表示aperiodoftime時，兩者可以互換。Pleasedon'ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.Hefellasleepwhile/whenreading.Strikewhiletheironishot.（用as或when不可，這里的while意思是“趁??”）some一般用于肯定句或者表示請、建議并希望得到肯定答復的疑問句中。Davidhassomefriendsinshanghai.MayIhavesomechicken?Wouldyoulikesomenoodles?any一般用于否定句和疑問句中Maryhasn'tgotanypens. 瑪麗沒有鋼筆。（1）It'spolitetotakeflowersasagiftwhenyougotovisitafriend.A.littleB.anyC.some（2）Thereisn'twaterintheglass.Let 'sgoandgetsome.A.manyB.lots C.anyD.some五、課文重點句型及短語歸納重點句型及其用法集萃1、learntodosth 學習做某事、many+復數(shù)名詞許多??、as+形容詞、副詞的原級+as與...一樣...、usedtodosth 過去常常做某事、helpsb.dosth 幫助某人做某事、remembertodosth 記著要去做某事、somuch+不可數(shù)名詞如此多的??、Itis+形容詞+todosth做某事是??的、一段時間+later??之后、makesbdosth使某人做某事、anumberof+名詞復數(shù)許多、learnabout了解Lookitup!查閱一下。?lookup意為“查閱；查詢”強調(diào)在詞典、參考書等工具書里查詢。如：Wecanlookupnewwordsinadictionary. 我們可以在詞典中查新的單詞.拓展：與look相關的短語：lookaround向周圍看lookout向外看；當心looklike看起來像lookthesame看起來相同lookforwardto盼望ThismorningI somenewrestaurantsontheInternetforIwantedtotakeMiatoanicerestaurantforherbirthday.pickedupB.lookedup C.cleanedupD.gaveupDaVinciwasborninthecountryside.達.芬奇出生在農(nóng)村。?beborn意為“出生”.其后可接地點或時間狀語，接地點用in，接時間用on或in（具體某一天用on；出生于某年某月用in）如：TomwasborninGuangzhouon14July1999. 湯姆于1999年7月14日出生于廣州。?inthecountryside 意為“在鄉(xiāng)村，在農(nóng)村”。如：Whenhewasachild,helivedinthecountrysidewithhisgrandparents. 他小時候和祖父母一起居住在鄉(xiāng)下。Fromanearlyage,heshowedgreatintelligenceandartisticability. 從很小的時候起，他就顯示除了非凡的智慧和藝術才能?fromanearlyage 意為“從小起；從幼年起”.Ashegrewolder,helearnttodomanydifferentthings. 隨著年齡的增長，他學會了很多不同的事情。?as在本句中意為“當??時候；隨著，是連詞，引導時間狀語從句，它類似于七下unit8語法板塊中學過的引導時間狀語從句的連詞when，但是含有含有as引導的時間狀語從句，主從句的動作還可以表示“一邊??一邊??”之意。如：Theboysangashewalkedtoschool. 這個男孩邊唱著歌邊邁向?qū)W校走去.Forexample,hisnotebooksincludesomeinterestingdrawingsofflyingmachineswantedtofind.例如，他的筆記本里就有一些飛行器的有趣的圖片.?forexample意為“例如” 用于列舉上文中提到的人、事或物。如：.AlotofEuropeancountriesareworthvisiting,Forexample,IhavebeentotheUK,FranceandSwitzerland. 很多歐洲國家都值得一游，譬如我就去過英國、法國和瑞士。?forexample在句子中可以放在開頭，也可以作為插入語放在句中。如：YoushouldvisitHangzhou.LingyinTemple,forexample,isveryfamous.應該去杭州游覽。例如靈隱寺就很出名。DinosaurslivedontheEarthmorethan60millionyearsbeforehumanbeings.恐龍比人類在地球上早出現(xiàn)6000多萬年?morethan意為“多于；超過”。它的近義詞是over，兩者可以互相替換。如：Itwilltakememorethan/over2hourstogettoschool. 我將要花費2個多小時去學校。?morethan的反義詞lessthanSomedinosaurswereassmallaschickens.Otherswereasbigastenelephants.有些恐龍小如雞仔，另一些則有十頭大象那么大。?as?as中間加形容詞的原級，表示“和??一樣??”的意思，如：Amyisastallashersister. 埃米和她姐姐一樣高Then,suddenly,theyalldiedout. 后來它們突然全部滅絕了。?diedout 意為“滅絕，消失”如：Howdiddinosaursdieout?恐龍是如何滅絕的。能力提升一．根據(jù)句意及首字母提示完成單詞。Edisonwasagreati intheworld.--Howmuchisthebook?--20d .Sallwasb inasmalltowninLondon.Therearetwo (筆記本)onthedesk.二．用所給單詞的正確形式填空。1.Itisuseful (learn)aforeignlanguage.Canyouhelpme (carry)thebox,lily?Remember (write)tomewhenyougettoBeijing.4.Ineedsome (photo).Doyouhaveany?Abouttwo (million)peoplelistenedtotheprogramme.三．單項選擇Listeningisjustas asspeakinginlanguagelearning.A.importantB.moreimportantC.mostimportantD.themostimportantDoyouhave tosayforourtravel?A.elseanythingB.anythingelseC.elsesomethingD.somethingelsebirdsdiedbecauseofpollution.A.TwomillionsB.MillionsofC.Millionof D.TwomillionsoftneedtogototheThere stillsomemilkinthefridge.Youdontneedtogotothestoretoday.A.amB.isC.areD.beawalk.Whatafineday!Let 'sgoawalk.A.forB.atC.outD.inThepooroldman aweekago.A.deadB.deathC.diesD.diedDon'tlook thewindowsinclass,Wemustlistentotheteachercarefully.A.outofB.outC.intoD.upThePLAmansavedthree livesintheaccident.A.chlidren'sB.childrenC.childD.child 's-Doyouhave pencils?-No,butIhave pens.A.some,anyB.any,someC.some,someD.any,anyNobody meEnglish.Ihavetolearnitbymyself.三．完形填空。CharlesDickens,oneofthegreatestEnglishwriters1bornin1812,inoneofthesmall2ofEngland.WhenDickenswasnineyearsold,thefamily3toLondon,thecapitalofEngland.Therewasseveralyoungchildreninthefamily.Theirlifewashard,soDickenscouldnot4toschool.Onlyuntilhisfatherwas5ofprison,couldCharlesgotoschool.Atthattime,hewasalreadytwelveyearsold.Buthedidnotfinishschool.Twoyearslaterhebegan6.Thefuturewriteroftenwenttothelibrary7books.Heread8.ThenDickenswrotelotsofnovelsallhislife.Dickens9overahundredyearsago,butpeoplearestillreadinghisbooks10greatinterest.()1.A.isB.areC.wasD.were()2.A.townB.townsC.familyD.country()3.A.movesB.movedC.movingD.tomove()4.A.wentB.goC.togoD.going()5.A.outB.atC.offD.up()6.A.workB.worksC.workedD.towork()7.A.readB.readingC.toreadD.reads()8.A.alotB.manyC.alotofD.verymuch()9.A.diedB.dieC.dyingD.death()10.A.toB.inC.withD.out四．閱讀理解Doyouknowthatfishcomeoutofeggswhentheywereborn?Afterthe