(完整版)c++機考題目加答案

1.實現(xiàn)一個大小固定的整型數(shù)據(jù)元素會合及其相應(yīng)操作（元素的增添、刪除；判斷兩個會合能否相等；判斷一個數(shù)能否為會合中的元素；交集；并集)。會合中的元素；交集；并集)。P76.列#include<iostream.h>constmaxCard=16;enumErrCode{noErr,overflow};enumBool{False,True};classSet{intelems[maxCard];intcard;public:voidEmptySet(){card=0;}BoolMember(int);ErrCodeAddElem(int);voidRmvElem(int);voidCopy(Set*);BoolEqual(Set*);voidPrint();voidIntersect(Set*,Set*);ErrCodeUnion(Set*,Set*);};BoolSet::Member(intelem){for(inti=0;i<card;++i)if(elems[i]==elem)returnTrue;returnFalse;}ErrCodeSet::AddElem(intelem){if(Member(elem))returnnoErr;//會合中元素個數(shù)的最大值，默以為int型//錯誤代碼//Bool種類定義//定義會合類//儲存元素的數(shù)組//會合中元素的個數(shù)//判斷一個數(shù)能否為會合中的元素//向會合中增添元素//刪除會合中的元素//把目前會合拷貝到形參指針指向的會合中//判斷兩個會合能否相等//交集//并集if(card<maxCard){elems[card++]=elem;returnnoErr;}returnoverflow;}voidSet::RmvElem(intelem){for(inti=0;i<card;++i)if(elems[i]==elem){for(;i<card-1;++i)elems[i]=elems[i+1];--card;return;}}voidSet::Copy(Set*set){for(inti=0;i<card;++i)set->elems[i]=elems[i];set->card=card;}BoolSet::Equal(Set*set){if(card!=set->card)returnFalse;for(inti=0;i<card;++i)//判斷目前會合的某元素是不是set所指會合中的元素if(!set->Member(elems[i]))returnFalse;returnTrue;}voidSet::Print(){cout<<"{";for(inti=0;i<card;++i)cout<<elems[i]<<";";cout<<"}\n";}voidSet::Intersect(Set*set,Set*res)〃 交集：*thisA*set->*res{res->card=0;for(inti=0;i<card;++i)for(intj=0;j<set->card;++j)if(elems[i]==set->elems[j]){res->elems[res->card++]=elems[i];break;}}ErrCodeSet::Union(Set*set,Set*res)〃 并集：*setU*this->*res{set->Copy(res);for(inti=0;i<card;++i)if(res->AddElem(elems[i])==overflow)returnoverflow;returnnoErr;}//下邊是測試用的主程序voidmain(){Sets1,s2,s3;.EmptySet();.EmptySet();s3.EmptySet();s1.AddElem(10);s1.AddElem(20);s1.AddElem(30);s1.AddElem(40);s2.AddElem(30);s2.AddElem(50);s2.AddElem(10);s2.AddElem(60);cout<<"s1="; s1.Print();cout<<"s2="; s2.Print();s2.RmvElem(50);cout<<"s2-{50}=";s2.Print();if(s1.Member(20))cout<<"20isins1\n";s1.Intersect(&s2,&s3);cout<<"s1intsecs2=";s3.Print();s1.Union(&s2,&s3);cout<<"s1unions2=";s3.Print();if(!s1.Equal(&s2))cout<<"s1!=s2\n";}實現(xiàn)一個大小可變的整型數(shù)據(jù)元素會合，會合可儲存的數(shù)據(jù)元素個數(shù)在對象結(jié)構(gòu)時給定，由結(jié)構(gòu)函數(shù)為數(shù)據(jù)元素分派存儲空間，在對象被開釋時由析構(gòu)函數(shù)開釋儲存空間。//會合中元素個數(shù)的缺省最大值//會合中元素個數(shù)的缺省最大值//錯誤代碼//Bool種類定義//元素的最大個數(shù)//儲存元素的數(shù)組//會合中元素的個數(shù)constmaxCard=16;enumErrCode{noErr,overflow};enumBool{False,True};classSet{intsize;int*elems;intcard;public:Set(intsz=maxCard){card=0;size=sz;elems=newint[size];}~Set(){delete[]elems;}BoolMember(int);ErrCodeAddElem(int);voidRmvElem(int);voidCopy(Set*);BoolEqual(Set*);voidPrint();voidIntersect(Set*,Set*);ErrCodeUnion(Set*,Set*);};BoolSet::Member(intelem){for(inti=0;i<card;++i)if(elems[i]==elem)returnTrue;returnFalse;}ErrCodeSet::AddElem(intelem){if(Member(elem))returnnoErr;if(card<size){elems[card++]=elem;returnnoErr;}returnoverflow;}voidSet::RmvElem(intelem){for(inti=0;i<card;++i)if(elems[i]==elem){for(;i<card-1;++i)elems[i]=elems[i+1];--card;}}return;}voidSet::Copy(Set*set){if(set->size<size){delete[]set->elems;set->elems=newint[size];set->size=size;}for(inti=0;i<card;++i)set->elems[i]=elems[i];set->card=card;}BoolSet::Equal(Set*set){if(card!=set->card)returnFalse;for(inti=0;i<card;++i)if(!set->Member(elems[i]))returnFalse;returnTrue;}voidSet::Print(){cout<<"{";for(inti=0;i<card-1;++i)cout<<elems[i]<<";";if(card>0)cout<<elems[card-1];cout<<"}\n";voidSet::Intersect(Set*set,Set*res){if(res->size<size){delete[]res->elems;res->elems=newint[size];res->size=size;}res->card=0;for(inti=0;i<card;++i)for(intj=0;j<set->card;++j)if(elems[i]==set->elems[j]){res->elems[res->card++]=elems[i];break;}}ErrCodeSet::Union(Set*set,Set*res){if(res->size<size+set->size){delete[]res->elems;res->elems=newint[size+set->size];res->size=size+set->size;}set->Copy(res);for(inti=0;i<card;++i)if(res->AddElem(elems[i])==overflow)returnoverflow;returnnoErr;}voidmain(){Sets1,s2,s3;s1.AddElem(10);s1.AddElem(20);s1.AddElem(30);s1.AddElem(40);s2.AddElem(30);s2.AddElem(50);s2.AddElem(10);s2.AddElem(60);cout<<"s1="; s1.Print();cout<<"s2="; s2.Print();s2.RmvElem(50);cout<<"s2-{50}=";s2.Print();if(s1.Member(20))cout<<"20isins1\n";s1.Intersect(&s2,&s3);cout<<"s1intsecs2=";s3.Print();s1.Union(&s2,&s3);cout<<"s1unions2="; s3.Print();if(!s1.Equal(&s2))cout<<"s1!=s2\n";}設(shè)計一個學生類student，它擁有的私有數(shù)據(jù)成員是：注冊號、姓名、數(shù)學成績、英語成績、計算機成績；擁有的公有成員函數(shù)是：求三門課程總成績的函數(shù) sum()；求三門課均勻成績 average()；顯示學生數(shù)據(jù)信息的函數(shù) print()；獲得學生注冊號的函數(shù)get_reg_num；設(shè)置學生數(shù)據(jù)信息的函數(shù)set_stu_inf()。P81。6編制主函數(shù)，說明一個student類對象的數(shù)組并進行全班學生信息的輸入與設(shè)置，爾后求出每一個學生的總成績、 均勻成績、全班學生總成績最高分、全班學生總均勻分，并在輸入一個注冊號后，輸出該學生有關(guān)的所有數(shù)據(jù)信息。#include<iostream>#include<string>usingnamespacestd;classStudent{private:intnum;charname[10];floatmath;floatenglish;floatcomputer;public:voidset_stu_inf(intn,char*ch,floatm,floate,floatc){num=n;strcpy(name,ch);math=m;english=e;computer=c;}floatsum(){return(math+english+computer);}floataverage(){return(math+english+computer)/3;}intget_reg_num(){returnnum;}voidprint(){cout<<"學號："<<num<<endl<<"姓名："<<name<<endl<<"數(shù)學："<<math<<endl<<"英語："<<english<<endl<<"計算機："<<computer<<endl<<"總分："<<sum()<<endl<<"均勻分："<<average()<<endl;};intmain()Studentstu[50];inti,q,a,z,x,max=0,aver=0;//i 為循環(huán)變量，q:學號；a:數(shù)學成績;//z：英語成績；x：計算機成績intcount=0;//表示學生人數(shù)char*we=newchar[10];//輸入學生信息for(;;)（若輸入的學號為 0（若輸入的學號為 0則表示退出)"<<endl;cin>>q>>we>>a>>z>>x;if(q==0)break;stu[count++].set_stu_inf(q,we,a,z,x);if(max>a+z+x);elsemax=a+z+x;aver+=(a+z+x);//輸出所有學生信息cout<<"學生信息為："<<endl<<endl;for(i=0;i<count;i++){stu[i].print();cout<<endl;cout<<"全班學生總成績最高分為"<<max<<endl<<"全班學生總均勻分為"<<aver/3<<endl<<endl;cout<<"請輸入要查的學生的學號:"<<endl;cin>>q;for(i=0;i<count;i++){if(q==stu[i].get_reg_num()){cout<<"此學生信息為："<<endl;stu[i].print();break;}}if(i==count)cout<<"查無這人"<<endl;return0;}4.定義復(fù)數(shù)類complex，使用友元函數(shù)，達成復(fù)數(shù)的加法、減法、乘數(shù)運算，以及復(fù)數(shù)的輸出。#include<iostream.h>classComplex{doublereal;doubleimage;public:Complex(doubler=0,doublei=0){real=r;image=i;}friendvoidinputcomplex(Complex&comp);friendComplexaddcomplex(Complex&c1,Complex&c2);}}friendComplexsubcomplex(Complex&c1,Complex&c2);friendComplexmulcomplex(Complex&c1,Complex&c2);friendvoidoutputcomplex(Complex&comp);};voidinputcomplex(Complex&comp){cin>>comp.real>>comp.image;}Complexaddcomplex(Complex&c1,Complex&c2){Complexc;c.real=c1.real+c2.real;c.image=c1.image+c2.image;returnc;}Complexsubcomplex(Complex&c1,Complex&c2){Complexc;c.real=c1.real-c2.real;c.image=c1.image-c2.image;returnc;}Complexmulcomplex(Complex&c1,Complex&c2){Complexc;c.real=c1.real*c2.real-c1.image*c2.image;c.image=c1.real*c2.image+c1.image*c2.real;returnc;voidoutputcomplex(Complex&comp){cout<<"("<<comp.real<<","<<comp.image<<")";}voidmain(){Complexc1,c2,result;cout<<"請輸入第一個復(fù)數(shù)的實部和虛部 :"<<endl;inputcomplex(c1);cout<<"請輸入第二個復(fù)數(shù)的實部和虛部 :"<<endl;inputcomplex(c2);result=addcomplex(c1,c2);outputcomplex(c1);cout<<"+";outputcomplex(c2);cout<<"=";outputcomplex(result);cout<<"\n "<<endl;result=subcomplex(c1,c2);outputcomplex(c1);cout<<"-";outputcomplex(c2);cout<<"=";outputcomplex(result);cout<<"\n "<<endl;result=mulcomplex(c1,c2);outputcomplex(c1);cout<<"*";outputcomplex(c2);cout<<"=";outputcomplex(result);cout<<endl;5.某單位所有員工依據(jù)領(lǐng)取薪金的方式分為以下幾類：時薪工( hourlyworker)、計件工(pieceworker)、經(jīng)理(manager)、傭金工(commissionworker)。時薪工按工作的小時支付薪資，關(guān)于每周超出50小時的加班時間，依據(jù)附帶50%薪資支付薪資。按生產(chǎn)的每件產(chǎn)品給計件工支付固定薪資，假定該工人僅制造一種產(chǎn)品。經(jīng)理每周獲得固定的薪資。傭金工每周獲得少量的固定保底薪資，加上該工人在一周內(nèi)總銷售的固定百分比。試編制一個程序來實現(xiàn)該單位的所有員工類，并加以測試。P125#include<iostream.h>#include<string.h>classemployee //雇員類{protected:charname[10]; //姓名charemp_id[8]; //員工號doublesalary; //薪金數(shù)public:voidsetinfo(char*empname,intempsex,char*empid){strcpy(name,empname);strcpy(emp_id,empid);}voidgetinfo(char*empname,char*empid){strcpy(empname,name);strcpy(empid,emp_id);}doublegetsalary(){returnsalary;}};//設(shè)置雇員的基本信息//獲得雇員的基本信息//獲得所應(yīng)得的總薪金數(shù)classhourlyworker:publicemployee//時薪工protected:inthours;doubleperhourpay;public:hourlyworker(){hours=0;perhourpay=15.6;}intgethours(){returnhours;}voidsethours(inth){hours=h;}doublegetperhourpay(){returnperhourpay;}voidsetperhourpay(doublepay){perhourpay=pay;}voidcomputepay(){if(hours<=40)//工作的小時數(shù)//每小時應(yīng)得的酬勞//獲得某人工作的小時數(shù)//設(shè)置某人工作的小時數(shù)//獲得每小時應(yīng)得的酬勞//設(shè)置每小時應(yīng)得的酬勞//計算薪資salary=perhourpay*hours;elsesalary=perhourpay*40+(hours-40)*1.5*perhourpay;};classpieceworker:publicemployee{protected:intpieces;doubleperpiecepay;public:pieceworker(){pieces=0;perpiecepay=26.8;}intgetpieces(){returnpieces;}voidsetpieces(intp){pieces=p;}doublegetperpiecepay(){returnperpiecepay;}voidsetperpiecepay(doubleppp){perpiecepay=ppp;}voidcomputepay(){salary=pieces*perpiecepay;}};classmanager:publicemployee{public:voidsetsalary(doubles){salary=s;}};classcommissionworker:publicemployee{protected:doublebasesalary;doubletotal;//計件工//每周所生產(chǎn)的工件數(shù)//每個工件所應(yīng)得的薪資數(shù)//設(shè)置生產(chǎn)的工件總數(shù)//經(jīng)理類//設(shè)置經(jīng)理的薪資數(shù)//傭金工類//保底薪資//一周內(nèi)的總銷售額doublepercent;//提成的額度public:commissionworker(){basesalary=500;total=0;percent=0.01;}doublegetbase(){returnbasesalary;}voidsetbase(doublebase){basesalary=base;}doublegettotal(){returntotal;}voidsettotal(doublet){total=t;}doublegetpercent(){returnpercent;}doublesetpercent(doublep){percent=p;}voidcomputepay(){salary=basesalary+total*percent;}};voidmain(){//小時工<<emp_id//小時工<<emp_idhourlyworkerhworker;hworker.setinfo("John",0,"001");hworker.sethours(65);hworker.getinfo(name,emp_id);putepay();cout<<"hourlyworker"<<name<<"'sidis:<<"andsalaryis:"<<hworker.getsalary()<<endl;pieceworkerpworker; //計件工pworker.setinfo("Mark",0,"002");pworker.setpieces(100);putepay();pworker.getinfo(name,emp_id);cout<<"pieceworker"<<name<<"'sidis:"<<emp_id<"andsalaryis:"<<pworker.getsalary()<<endl;commissionworkercworker; //傭金工cworker.settotal(234.6);cworker.setinfo("Jane",0,"003");putepay();cworker.getinfo(name,emp_id);cout<<"commissionworker"<<name<<"'sidis:"<<emp_id<"andsalaryis:"<<cworker.getsalary()<<endl;managermana;mana.setinfo("Mike",1,"004");mana.setsalary(3500);mana.getinfo(name,emp_id);cout<<"manager"<<name<<"'sidis:"<<emp_id<"andsalaryis:"<<mana.getsalary()<<endl;}6.考慮大學的學生狀況，試利用單調(diào)繼承來實現(xiàn)學生和畢業(yè)生兩個類，設(shè)計有關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)成員及函數(shù)，編寫程序?qū)^承狀況進行測試。P133.11實P57提示：作為學生必定有學號、姓名、性別、學校名稱及入學時間等基本信息，而畢業(yè)生除了這些信息外，還應(yīng)有畢業(yè)時間、所獲學位的信息，可依據(jù)這些內(nèi)容設(shè)計類的數(shù)據(jù)成員，也可加入一些其余信息，除了設(shè)計對數(shù)據(jù)進行相應(yīng)操作的成員函數(shù)外，還要考慮到成員種類、繼承模式，并在main()函數(shù)中進行相應(yīng)測試?？稍O(shè)計多種繼承模式來測試繼承的屬性。#include<iostream>#include<string>usingnamespacestd;classStudent//classStudent//定義基類Student{public: //公有函數(shù)成員Student(intn,char*na,intg):number(n),grade(g){strcpy(name,na);}intgetNumber(){returnnumber;}char*getName(){returnname;}intgetGrade(){returngrade;}"<<number<<endl"<<name<<endl"<<grade<<endl;//私有數(shù)據(jù)成員"<<number<<endl"<<name<<endl"<<grade<<endl;//私有數(shù)據(jù)成員//學號//姓名//年級學號：<<"姓名：<<"年級：cout<<}private:intnumber;charname[20];intgrade;};classGraduate:publicStudent{//定義畢業(yè)生類chardesignSubject[20];public:Graduate(intn,char*na,char*deSub,intg=4):Student(n,na,g){strcpy(designSubject,deSub);}voiddisplay(){Student::display();cout<<"設(shè)計題目："<<designSubject<<endl;}};intmain(){//創(chuàng)立對象Studentli(2,"LiMing",3);Graduatezhang(3,"ZhangGang","學生成績管理系統(tǒng)");//顯示對象的有關(guān)信息li.display();cout<<endl<<" "<<endl;zhang.display();return0;}.定義一個哺乳動物類，再由此派生出人類、狗類和貓類，這些類中均有 speak()函數(shù)，察看在調(diào)用過程中，究竟使用了哪一個類的speak()函數(shù)。P133. 12#include<iostream>#include<string>usingnamespacestd;classAnimal{floatweight;public:voidspeak(){}voidsetWeight(floatwt){weight=wt;}floatgetWeight(){returnweight;}};classHuman:publicAnimal{public:voidspeak(){cout<<"說話"<<endl;}};classCat:publicAnimal{public:voidspeak(){cout<<"喵喵"<<endl;}};classDog:publicAnimal{public:voidspeak(){cout<<"汪汪"<<endl;}};intmain(){//定義三個對象Humanhm;Catcat;Dogdog;//調(diào)用不一樣類的speak函數(shù)cout<<"人：";hm.speak();cout<<"貓：";cat.speak();cout<<"狗：";dog.speak();return0;}．設(shè)計一個能細分為矩形、三角形、圓形和橢圓形的圖形類。使用繼承將這些圖形分類，找出能作為基類部分的共同特點(如寬、高、中心點等)和方法(如初始法、求面積等)，并看看這些圖形可否進一步區(qū)分為子類。P133.10#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;classFigure //定義基類圖形類{public: //公有函數(shù)成員Figure(intwid){width=wid;}floatarea(){}intgetWidth(){returnwidth;}private: //私有數(shù)據(jù)成員intwidth; //寬度或半徑};classRectangle:publicFigure{//定義矩形類intheight;public:Rectangle(intwid,inthei):Figure(wid){height=hei;}floatarea(){returngetWidth()*height;}};classTriangle:publicFigure{//定義三角形類intheight;public:Triangle(intwid,inthei):Figure(wid){height=hei;floatarea(){return1.0/2*getWidth()*height;}};classCircle:publicFigure{//定義圓類public:Circle(intwid):Figure(wid){}floatarea(){return3.14*getWidth()*getWidth();}};intmain(){Rectanglerect(5,4);Triangletri(5,4);Circlecir(5);cout<<"矩形的面積是："<<rect.area()<<endl<<"三角形的面積是："<<tri.area()<<endl<<"圓的面積是："<<cir.area()<<endl;return0;}eat9.設(shè)計一個基類animal和它的派生類 tiger、sheep，實現(xiàn)虛函數(shù)。eat提示：可自行定義這些類的成員變量，但 animal基類中應(yīng)有動物性其余成員變量，但要說明每種動物的叫 soar()及吃()的成員函數(shù)，可用cout輸出來表示。要求每個派生類生成兩個對象，打亂序次存于一個數(shù)組中，而后用循環(huán)程序訪問其叫與吃的成員函數(shù)，一定用到虛函數(shù)。P173.9#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;classanimal{protected:charsex;public:virtualvoidsoar()=0;virtualvoideat()=0;};classtiger:publicanimal{public:tiger(chars='f'){sex=s;}voidsoar(){cout<<"tiger吼"<<endl;}voideat(){cout<<"tiger吃肉"<<endl;}};classsheep:publicanimal{public:sheep(chars='f'){sex=s;}voidsoar(){cout<<"sheep: 咩"<<endl;}voideat(){cout<<"sheep吃草"<<endl;}};intmain(){tigert1,t2;sheeps1,s2;animal*array[4]={&t1,&s1,&t2,&s2};for(inti=0;i<4;i++){array[i]->eat();array[i]->soar();}return0;}10.有三角形、正方形和圓形三種圖形，求它們各自的面積。能夠從中抽象出一個基類，在基類中申明一個虛函數(shù)，用來求面積，并利用單界面、多實現(xiàn)版本設(shè)計各個圖形求面積的方法。P173.10#include<iostream>//抽象類的定義////抽象類的定義//三角形類classshape{public:virtualfloatarea()=0;};classtriangle:publicshape{protected:floath,w;public:triangle(floathh,floatww){h=hh;w=ww;}floatarea(){returnh*w*0.5;}};classrectangle:publictriangle//矩形類{public:rectangle(floath,floatw):triangle(h,w){}floatarea(){returnh*w;}};classcircle:publicshape //圓類{private:floatradius;floatradius;public:circle(floatr){radius=r;}floatarea(){returnradius*radius*3.14;}};intmain(){shape*s[4]; //指針數(shù)組s[0]=newtriangle(3,4);s[1]=newrectangle(2,4);s[2]=newcircle(5);cout<<"三角形、矩形和圓的面積分別為:"<<endl;for(inti=0;i<3;i++)cout<<s[i]->area()<<'\t';cout<<endl;假定距離以英里計kilometre中，假定假定距離以英里計kilometre中，假定.編寫程序，計算汽車運轉(zhuǎn)的時間，第一成立基類 car,此中含有數(shù)據(jù)成員 distance儲存兩點間的距離，算，速度為每小時80英里，使用虛函數(shù)travel_time()計算并顯示經(jīng)過這段距離的時間，在派生類距離以千米計算，速度為每小時120千米，使用函數(shù)travel_time()計算并顯示經(jīng)過這段距離的時間。#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;classcar{protected:doubledistance;public:ca