人教版高中英語選修八學(xué)案講義Unit1 A land of diversity-詞匯篇（教師版）

第1講Alandofdiversity詞匯篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________熟練掌握重點(diǎn)單詞及其用法；能夠熟練運(yùn)用重點(diǎn)短語和句型。一.重點(diǎn)詞匯1.distinctionn.差別；區(qū)分；卓著常用結(jié)構(gòu)：makeadistinctionbetween對(duì)……加以區(qū)分winadistinctionfor因……而獲功勛withoutdistinction無差別地；一視同仁地拓展:distinctadj.清晰的；明顯的；明確的bedistinctin...from...在某方面與……不同Hehasadistinctgiftfordrawing.他有很明顯的繪畫天賦。Youshouldmakeyourwritingdistinct.你應(yīng)該把字寫清楚。2.meansn.手段；方法（單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式相同）常用結(jié)構(gòu)：bymeansof用……辦法；借助……byallmeans一定，務(wù)必；好的，當(dāng)然可以bynomeans決不，一點(diǎn)也不（位于句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝）byeverymeans用盡一切可能的辦法易混辨析means/way/methodmeans指“方法、方式、工具”，著重于具體的手段（單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同）。way指“一般的方法、方式或個(gè)人的特殊方法、方式”，與技巧或效果的好壞無關(guān)。method指“有系統(tǒng)的、有效率的精心擬定的方法”，也可以指抽象概念“條理”。awaytodosth.／awayofdoingsth./amethodofdoingsth.做……的方法inthisway/withthemethod/bythismeans用這種／些方法bytheway順便問一下onone’swayto...在去……的路上intheway擋住路注意:means作主語且有every,each等詞修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；有some,several,many,few等詞修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Radioandtelevisionareimportantmeansofmunication.無線電和電視是重要的通信手段。Pleasefindanalternativemeansoftransport.請(qǐng)另外找一種運(yùn)輸方式。Everymeanshasbeentried.每種方法都試過了。Allmeanshavebeentried.所有方法都試過了。Shecouldnotspeak,butmadeherwishesknownbymeansofsigns.她不會(huì)說話，但她用手勢(shì)表達(dá)了她的愿望。3.majorityn.大多數(shù)；大半A/Themajorityofdoctorsagreethatsmokingisextremelyharmfultohealth.大多數(shù)醫(yī)生認(rèn)為吸煙對(duì)健康極為有害。Themajoritywas/wereinfavouroftheproposal.多數(shù)人贊成這個(gè)建議。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：beinthe/amajority構(gòu)成大部分/大多數(shù)amajorityoversb.超過對(duì)方的票數(shù)拓展:majoradj.&n.較大的；主要的；主修，專攻minorityadj.&n.少數(shù)；少數(shù)民族；未成年4.occurvi.發(fā)生；存在；出現(xiàn)常用結(jié)構(gòu):occurto(主意或想法突然)浮現(xiàn)于腦中;被想起，被想到itoccurstosb.todosth.使某人想到做某事itoccurstosb.that...某人想到……Justthenanideaoccurredtome.就在那時(shí)我想起了一個(gè)主意。ItsuddenlyoccurredtomethatIhadleftmyumbrellaupstairs.我突然想到我把傘忘在樓上了。易混辨析happen/occur/takeplacehappen是一般用語，尤其指偶然發(fā)生，表示“碰巧、恰好”的意思。occur文言意味較濃,常指某特定事物的發(fā)生，也可以表示某種想法出現(xiàn)在人的頭腦中。takeplace指事先計(jì)劃或預(yù)料到的“發(fā)生”，此外還有“舉行”的意思。Newthingsarehappeningallaroundus.新事物在我們周圍不斷發(fā)生。Theexplosionoccurredat5:30a.m.爆炸發(fā)生在早上5點(diǎn)30分。Whenwillthebasketballgametakeplace?籃球賽何時(shí)舉行？5.Indicatevt.指出；標(biāo)示；表明；暗示Iaskedhimwheremysisterwasandheindicatedtheshopopposite.我問他我姐姐在哪，他指了指對(duì)面的商店。Researchindicatesthatmenfinditeasiertogiveupsmokingthanwomen.研究顯示男人比女人更容易戒煙。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：indicatesth.(tosb.)向（某人）表示某事；把……指給（某人）看indicatethat...表示……；示意……拓展:indicationn.指出；表明indicativeadj.指示的；暗示的二.重點(diǎn)詞組6.liveon繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生存Shelivedonformanyyearsafterherhusbanddied.丈夫死后她繼續(xù)活了許多年。拓展:liveonsth.以某物為食；靠某種經(jīng)濟(jì)來源生活livebydoingsth.靠做某事為生liveforsth.以某事物為生活目標(biāo)livethroughsth.經(jīng)歷某事物而幸存liveuptosth.依照某事物行事；表現(xiàn)出符合某事物的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)livewithsth.接受或容忍某現(xiàn)象livetobe...=livetotheageof...活到……歲livea...life過著……的生活7.teamupwith（與某人）一起工作（尤指為共同目標(biāo)）；與……合作Thetwopanieshaveteameduptodevelopanewracingcar.那兩個(gè)公司已合作研制新型賽車。8.markout劃線；標(biāo)出……的界線Theymarkedoutthetenniscourtwithwhitepaint.他們用白漆標(biāo)出了網(wǎng)球場(chǎng)的界線。Someofthebestpupilshavebeenmarkedoutforspecialtraining.已經(jīng)選出幾名出色的學(xué)生進(jìn)行專門訓(xùn)練。拓展:marksb.outforsth.選出/選定某人做某事markdown寫下，記下；降低……的價(jià)格markup標(biāo)出；提高……的價(jià)格markin加畫；繪入markoutfor看中；選定Justamoment.Letmemarkdownyournameandaddress.等一下，讓我把你的姓名和地址記下來。Someshopsmarkedupthegoodsunfairly.有幾家商店的貨價(jià)提高得不合理。Hemarkedthebookdownto49cents.他把書的標(biāo)價(jià)降為49分。9.takein包括；吸收；接納；欺騙Thestudentsfinditeasytotakeinwhatyouteach.學(xué)生們發(fā)現(xiàn)你講課很容易理解。Hehadnowheretosleepsoweofferedtotakehimin.他沒地方可以睡覺，于是我們就提出讓他留宿。拓展:takeapart拆開；剖析，抨擊(論點(diǎn)等)takedown拿下，取下；拆卸；記下takeback取回，帶回；收回說過的話；使……回憶起昔日takecareof照料；保管takeup開始從事；占用(時(shí)間或空間)；著手處理takeiteasy別緊張，慢慢來takeover繼承；接收，接管takeoff脫下(衣服等)；起飛takeon承擔(dān)，從事；呈現(xiàn)takeone’splace入座；代替某人的位置takeone’stime不急，慢慢干三.重點(diǎn)句子10.ExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.最早一批人具體是在什么時(shí)候來到我們現(xiàn)在了解的加利福尼亞地區(qū)的，誰也說不清楚。whatwenowknowasCalifornia是一個(gè)由what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，作arrivein的賓語,what是復(fù)合關(guān)系代詞，相當(dāng)于thething(s)that。因此，在名詞性從句中可以用thething(s)that取代的，只能用what。拓展:①名詞性從句中what與that的區(qū)別：that在名詞性從句中不作句子成分，what必須作句子成分。②名詞性從句中what與which的區(qū)別：指代前文已經(jīng)提到過的對(duì)象或范圍時(shí)，用which，否則用what。Whathesaidsoundsreasonable.他說的聽起來有道理。(what作said的賓語)Thatourteamhaswonthegamehasbeenproved.已經(jīng)證實(shí)我們隊(duì)贏得了比賽。(that在主語從句中不作句子成分)Therearemanybooksavailable.Idon’tknowwhichtoread.有許多書可供閱讀，但我不知道讀哪一本。(which指的是前文提到的books中的一本)Whatbookdoyouwanttobuy?你想買哪種書？(沒有提及買什么書或哪一類書)1.(2014北京高考)Therearestillmanyproblems______beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.A.solvingB.solvedC.beingsolvedD.tobesolved答案:D解析:考察非謂語動(dòng)詞。邏輯主語是problems，與謂語動(dòng)詞solve之間的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，時(shí)間上是將來，故選D。2.(2015湖南高考)Asyougothroughthisbook,youwillfindthateachofthemillionsofpeoplewholivedWorldWarⅡhadadifferentexperience.答案:through解析:考察live的相關(guān)短語，通過句意可知，livethrough意為“經(jīng)歷過”。(2014安徽高考)---Igetatleasthalfanhourofexercisealmosteveryday.---Ohgreat!.A.Goodluck B.Cheerup C.Sametoyou D.Keepitup答案:D解析:A祝你好運(yùn)B振作起來C和你一樣D堅(jiān)持下去。(2015陜西高考)Peterwilltakehispostastheheadofthetravelagencyattheendofnextmonth.A.Takeup B.putup C.addup D.breakup答案:解析:句意：Peter在這個(gè)月底將從事旅行社負(fù)責(zé)人的職位。take

up拿起，開始從事；put

up豎立；搭建；add

up加起來；break

up結(jié)束；分解。所以選A。5.(2015山東濰坊高二下)Nowalotofnewtechnologiescanbeappliedto(solve)problemsinindustry.答案:solving解析:此題考查applyto的用法，applytodoing，意為“應(yīng)用到......上”，其中to是介詞，后接doing?；A(chǔ)演練一.用take的相關(guān)短語填空。①Don’tbebyhispromises.②Whodoyouthinkwillnowthatthegovernorhasbeendismissed?③Theseboxesofyoursaretoomuchspace.④Iwasreallywhenseeingoldphotos.⑤Dearladiesandgentlemen,pleasenow.Theoperaissoontobegin.⑥Tomcarefullywhattheteachersaid.Key:①takenin②takeover③takingup④takenback⑤takeyourplace⑥tookdown鞏固提高二.單項(xiàng)填空1.—MayIhavealookatyourbook?—.A.BythismeansB.ByallmeansC.BythiswayD.Byanymeans2.Itsuddenlytothedetectivethatthemillionairewasprobablymurderedbyhisowndaughter.A.HappenedB.occurredC.thoughtD.tookplace三.用live的相關(guān)短語填空。①Thelonelyoldmancharity.②Mozartwasdeadbuthismusic.③Mygrandfatherbothworldwars.④Weshouldworkhardandtrytoourparents’expectations.⑤Thebravegirlislearningtoherdisability.Key:BB①liveson②liveson③livedthrough④liveupto⑤livewith一.單詞拼寫:1.TheTaiwan______(海峽)separatesTaiwanIslandfromthemainland.2.Itwasbeing_________（明顯的）tomethatshedidn’tlikeme.3.Shehassixpiecesof__________（行李）.4.Iwasoneofthe__________（申請(qǐng)人）forthejob.5.Statistics________（表明）thattheenvironmentalpollutionhasbeemoreandmoreserious.6.What__________（百分比）ofthestudentsinourschoolwereadmittedtocollege?7.Airisam_________混合物）ofgases.8.Ourteamhasfiveheadof_________（牛）.9.Iwasinhalfthewaywhenitsuddenly________(想到)tomethatIhadleftmynotebookhome.10.__________(顯然),hewasmistakenaboutbytheothers.Key:1.Strait2.obvious3.luggage4.applicants5.indicates6.percentage7.mixture8.oxen9.occurred10.apparently二.翻譯句子1.Agoodidea_____________allatonce.我突然想到了一個(gè)好主意。2._______________heknewnothingabouthowtorepaircars.很明顯他根本不知道如何修車。3.___________willwefail.用任何方式我們也不會(huì)失敗。4.Mymother__________bythebusinessman'soffersandstupidlygavehimmostofhermoney.我媽媽因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)商人提供的條件而受騙了，愚蠢地把她大部分錢給他了。5.Helikestosleep_____________.他喜歡開著窗戶睡覺。Key:1.occurredtome2.Itwasapparentthat3.Bynomeans4.wastakenin5.withthewindowopen__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________單項(xiàng)選擇1.—ShallIgiveyouarideasyoulivesofar?—.A.Itcouldn’tbebetterB.OfcourseyoucanC.IfyoulikeD.It’suptoyou2.Youfool!Howcanyouletsuchachancethroughyourfingers.A.SkiB.SpreadC.SlipD.glide3.Peoplehaveviewsonthepolicypublishedrecently,becausenoteverybodyisinfavourofitinthesurvey.A.ExcitedB.SurprisedC.FrightenedD.mixed4.EverypossiblemeanstohelpthepoorpeopleinAfrica.A.havetriedB.havebeentriedC.hastriedD.hasbeentried5.Hecanhardlyhiswife’sbad-temper,sohedecidedtoseekdivorcewithher.A.teamedupwithB.caughtupwithC.putupwithD.keptupwith6.Peterisnolongeralazyboyheusedtobe.A.WhatB.WhomC.WhenD.how7.Humanbeingsaredifferentfromanimalstheycanuselanguageasatooltomunicate.A.inthatB.forthatC.inwhichD.forwhich8.Thewindowinmyroomshut.SoIhavetogetitrepaired.A.doesn’tB.shouldn’tC.won’tD.couldn’t9.—Shirley,canIhavealookatyourphotos?—.Hereyouare.A.ByanymeansB.BynomeansC.BythismeansD.Byallmeans10.isnopossibilityhecanfinishthetaskwithintwodays.A.There;thatB.It;thatC.There;whetherD.It;whetherKey:1-5ACDDC6-10BACDA二.閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Withthenumberofcollegegraduatesclimbingtoarecordhighthisyear—some2.12millionareenteringthejobmarket,anincreaseof670,000or46.2percent,overlastyear,manypeopleareaskingifChina'sfirst“McDonald’sgeneration”,bornintheearly1980s,canstandtheintensepetitionandfindaplaceinthejobmarket.TheysaythiswillbeatestofbothChina’sjobmarketanditscarefreeyoungergeneration.“Donotworry.We’llgetwhateverwewant”，theytelleachothertoeasetheirownanxiety.Bornintheearlydaysofthecountry'sreformandopeningtotheoutsideworld,growingupinthemarketeconomy,theyoungsters,familiarwithMcDonald'sandMickeyMouse,lovetoeathamburgers,andwearforeignbrandjeansandT-shirtsandworshipBillGates.paredwiththeirparents,theyenjoymorefreedominlookingforajob—andwiththatfreedomingburdens.Thesecollegegraduatesareseenscouringrecruitmentinformationinnewspapersandjournals,theInternetandjobmarketsnationwide.Shortlyafterhotelmanagementmajor,HaoWenhua,ayoungwomanfromChongqinginSouthwestChina,failedtherecruitmenttestofafivestarhotelinGuilin,SouthChina'sGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegion.SheappearedatajobmarketinNanning,approximately300kilometersfromGuilin,lookingrathertired.Manybusinessesandpaniessaythattheywouldtakeonexperiencedstaffratherthanthenewgraduateswhoareshortoftheexperienceofhowtosucceedintoday'sfastpacedsociety.45.WhichofthefollowinggroupsofpeoplebelongstoChina'sfirstMcDonald'sgeneration?A.PeoplewhowerebornintheearlydaysofChina'sreformandopeningtotheoutsideworld.B.Peoplewholiketoeathamburgersandwearforeignbrandclothes.C.PeoplewhoadmireBillGates.D.Peoplewholacktheexperienceofhowtosucceedintoday'sfastchangingworld.46.WhatcanweinferfromthestoryofHaoWenhuainthepassage?Wecaninfer______.A.thattherearemanychancestofindjobsinGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegionB.thathotelmanagementisnotagoodmajorincollegeC.thatthereisintensepetitioninthejobmarketD.thatmanybusinessesandpaniesdon'tlikenewcollegegraduates47.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.FiercepetitionintheJobMarket.B.McDonald'sGenerationHasGrownup.