高考英語難點注意9

難點9忽視不得的主謂一致主謂一致是指句子的主語和謂語在人稱和數(shù)上須保持一致。道理雖然簡單，但其牽涉到的要點繁多，出現(xiàn)的形式多樣，并可以各種題型出現(xiàn)，故不可忽視?！耠y點磁場1.(★★★★)—Eachofthestudents,workinghardathisorherlessons________togotouniversity.—SodoI. 2.(★★★★★)Eitheryouortheheadmaster________theprizeforthesegiftedstudentsatthemeeting. (北京2022二模)handingin tohandouthandingin tohandout3.(★★★★)Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks________tothenationasagift.offered offeredoffered offered4.(★★★★★)Hisfamily________abigIcametoseehimlastnight,hisfamily________watchingTV.;was ;were ;were ;were5.(★★★★★)Thepoor________helpedbygovernmentprograms,________?(2022武漢二模);isn’tit ;isn’the;aren’tthey ;haven’tthey6.(★★★★)Asaresultofdestroyingtheforest,alarge________ofdesert________coveredtheland. (2022上海高考);has ;has;have ;have7.(★★★★★)Theteacherandwriter________askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting. 8.(★★★★)Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory________yet.notdecided notdecidednotdecided notdecided9.(★★★★★)Manypeoplesay10000________alotofmoney.is are is are10.(★★★★)Thenumberofpeopleinvited________fifty,butanumberofthem________absentfordifferentreasons.;was ;was ;were ;were11.(★★★★★)Allthatcanbedone________.beendone beendonedone done12.(★★★★★)Morethanone________injuredinthecaraccident.been been 13.(★★★★)Four-fifthsoftheworkershere________________workers.woman woman women women14.(★★★★)Togive________toreceive. 15.(★★★★★)His“selectedpoems”________in1955.firstpublished firstpublishedbeenfirstpublished beenfirstpublished●案例探究than________oftheworkers________fromParis.percents;is percent;aretimes;was ten;comes命題意圖：考查分數(shù)、百分數(shù)的表示法及此時的主謂一致，本題屬四星級題。知識依托：分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+of+名詞作主語時，謂語與of后的名詞在數(shù)上保持一致。錯解分析：解該題時易誤選A，誤把百分之十作為整體處理，而沒有考慮到是百分之十多的工人。此時所指為復(fù)數(shù)概念。解題方法與技巧：與此情況類似的是表示部分和一定數(shù)量的名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞也應(yīng)與介詞of后的名詞保持數(shù)的一致。這些詞有：.(1)Mostofthemoneyhasbeenwasted.(2)Everyyear,lotsofdamageiscausedbyfire.例如：(1)Quantitiesoffoodarewastedeveryday.(2)Amountsofmoneywerespentonthisproject.（這兩個詞的用法是主謂一致中的難點，同時也是?？键c）答案：BonlyIbutalsoMaryandJane________tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother. (NMET1989) 命題意圖：考查主謂一致中的就近原則。本題屬四星級題。知識依托：由notonly…butalso連接并列主語時，謂語與最靠近的主語保持一致。錯解分析：本題易誤選C，易誤認為I為主語，而實際上決定謂語單復(fù)數(shù)的是由JaneandMary決定，應(yīng)用就近原則，故排除C，同理排除A。解題方法與技巧：熟記要點：在英語中，主謂一致有三個原則：語法一致的原則，語意一致的原則和就近原則。此題是就近原則，所以答案為B。答案：B3.(★★★★★)Nobodybutyou________whathesaid. (全國重點中學(xué)大聯(lián)考沖刺題)with out with to命題意圖：考查詞組“同意……”和主語為nobody類的不定代詞時，謂語單復(fù)數(shù)的確定，該題屬五星級題。知識依托：主語為nobody時謂語動詞用單數(shù)，如果主語被but,aswellas,with等短語修飾，謂語仍與主語的數(shù)保持一致。錯題分析：該題易誤選C、D，選D的原因在于詞組記憶不清，用介詞to時之后應(yīng)加具體項目。而選擇C就在于誤把you做為主語對待了。而實際上nobody才是主語。答案：Aistheonlyoneamongthe________writerswho________storiesforchildren.;writes ;write;writes ;write命題意圖：考查復(fù)合名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)及從句中的主謂一致。本題屬于五星級題。知識依托：womanwriter的復(fù)數(shù)為womenwriters，而定語從句中的謂語單復(fù)數(shù)是由先行詞決定的，先行詞為theonlyone。故答案為C。錯解分析：本題易誤選B，誤認為先行詞為writers，而實際上由于one被theonly修飾，故先行詞是theonlyone，謂語應(yīng)用單數(shù)。解題方法與技巧：本題中我們可以了解，當(dāng)考查定語從句中的謂語動詞形式時，需首先分清楚所修飾的先行詞是誰，單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)概念，從而決定從句中謂語的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。isoneofthestudentswhowerelateforschool.Maryistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaslateforschool.答案：C●錦囊妙計1.主謂一致有個三原則：語法一致，意義一致和就近原則，無論哪一種，重要的是分清一個句子中，哪是主語，主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，分清題目屬于哪種一致的情況，然后確定謂語形式。這里我們簡單總結(jié)一下主謂一致中常見的原則：(1)and連接兩個名詞，但表同一事物，謂語用單數(shù)。writerandsingerismybestfriend.(2)each、either、one、theother及不定代詞等作主語時，謂語常用復(fù)數(shù)。ishere.(3)由連詞or、either…or、neither…nor、notonly…butalso等連接并列主語時及therebe句式，Therebe句式中謂語動詞應(yīng)用就近原則。younorIamtoblame.(4)國名、人名、報紙名、書名等專有名詞雖以-s結(jié)尾，形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。UnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.但以-s結(jié)尾的山脈、島、瀑布等作主語時，謂語一般用復(fù)數(shù)。philippineslietothesoutheastofChina.(5)由each修飾的名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。studenthasanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.TheyeachhaveanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.(6)表示時間、距離、錢、重量的名詞作主語，若表示整體謂語用單數(shù)，但如強調(diào)具體數(shù)量，謂語則用復(fù)數(shù)。hundredmilesisalongdistance.Twentyyearshavepassedsincehebegantoworkhere.(7)表示數(shù)量的oneandahalf后面要用復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，其謂語要用單數(shù)形式。(8)定冠詞the+形容詞/分詞表示一類人，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。(9)表示成雙成套的名詞，如trousers,shoes,glasses,compasses等用作主語時謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。blacktrousersaretoolong.2.高考中主謂一致的考查一般不會單獨考查，常與時態(tài)、語態(tài)及句式（如倒裝句）等相結(jié)合考查，此時如不能準(zhǔn)確判斷，不妨結(jié)合其他要點共同確定正確答案?！駳灉珉y點訓(xùn)練manyothermaterials.takenplaceof takentheplaceoftakenplaceof takentheplaceofglassworks________in1980. built built beenbuilt3.—Wereallthreepeopleinthecaraccidentinjuredintheaccident?—No,________onlythetwopassengerswhogothurt.was is were werecartandhorse________inthedistance. seen seenonebutherparents________it. knowing knowingOlympicGames________heldeveryfouryears. 7.(★★★★★)Manyaman________cometohelpus. 8.(★★★★)Therich________notalwayshappy. 9.(★★★★)Whatyousaid________quitetothepoint. 10.(★★★★★)Slowandsteady________therace. 11.(★★★★★)Anumberofsheep________diedofastrangeillness. been been12.(★★★★)Tomsaid