Unit 3 Careers and skills Grammar and usage 名詞性從句導(dǎo)學(xué)案-高中英語(yǔ)牛津譯林版（2020）選擇性必修第四冊(cè)

選擇性必修四Unit3名詞性從句一、主語(yǔ)從句1.定義：在復(fù)合句中，如作主語(yǔ)的是一個(gè)從句，該從句被稱為主語(yǔ)從句。2.連接詞（1）that在主語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，也無意義，只起連接作用，不能省略。Thatshebecameanartistmayhavebeenduetoherfather’sinfluence.（2）whether和if在主語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，有_______________含義，位于句中有時(shí)可換用。It’suncertainwhether/ifhe’llcomethisevening.用whether不用if的情況：1.主語(yǔ)從句_______________時(shí)；Whetherwe’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.2.從句后有_______________或緊跟_______________時(shí)。Whetherornothewillcomestillremainsaquestion.Itmakesnodifferencewhetheryouwillgotodayortomorrow.（3）連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)某種成分。Whowillcometoteachusisnotknown.Whathurtmyfeelingswasthejudge’scomment.Whyhedidn’tattendthemeetingwasn’tclear.Whentheplanewilltakeoffhasnotbeenannounced.3.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)（1）主語(yǔ)從句后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用_______________形式。Whowonthematchisstillunknown.Whatyousaidisperfectlytrue.（2）what引導(dǎo)的從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由_______________決定。Whatshelacksisexperience.Whatweneedaremorebooks.4.it作形式主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)從句常用it作形式主語(yǔ)放句首,從句為真正的主語(yǔ)，放在句末，使句子更平衡。常用句型：（1）It+be+_______________+that從句Itiscertain/clear/important/necessary/probable/possible+that...（2）It+be+_______________+that從句Itisapity/shame/duty+that...（3）It+be+_______________+that從句Itissaid/reported/thought/hoped/believed/known+that...（4）It+_______________+that從句ItseemsthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall.愛麗絲似乎根本不會(huì)來參加晚會(huì)。IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.碰巧我那天外出了。Itappearstomethatyoudon’twanttocometotheparty.在我看來，你不想來參加聚會(huì)。二、賓語(yǔ)從句1.定義：在復(fù)合句中，如作賓語(yǔ)的是一個(gè)從句，該從句被稱為賓語(yǔ)從句。2.用法賓語(yǔ)從句類型連接詞例句thatIthinkthatyouareright.who,what,which,when,where,how,whyCouldyoupleasetellmewheretherestroomsare?whether,ifIwonderif/whethertheywillhavetheracesagainnextyear.只能用whether情況（1）______________________________Pleasetelluswhethertogoorstayhere.（2）______________________________Idon’tknowwhetherornotIcancome.（3）______________________________Weworriedaboutwhetherhewasingoodhealth.（4）______________________________Whetheritistrueornot,Ican’ttell.3.it作形式賓語(yǔ)（1）動(dòng)詞+it+that從句，常見于take,have,put等動(dòng)詞之后。Itakeitthathewillfinishthetaskbyhimself.我認(rèn)為他能自己完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。（2）動(dòng)詞+it+when/if從句，常見于appreciate,enjoy,like,prefer等動(dòng)詞之后。Wereallyappreciateitifyoucoulddousafavour.如果您能幫助我們，我們會(huì)很感激。（3）動(dòng)詞+it+介詞短語(yǔ)+that從句，常見于oweittosb,takeitforgranted等結(jié)構(gòu)中。Weoweittoyouthatwearestillalive.多虧有你，我們還活著。（4）動(dòng)詞+介詞+it+that從句，常見于lookto（注意）,dependon,insiston,stickto,answerfor等結(jié)構(gòu)中。Sheinsistedonitthatshewasinnocent.她堅(jiān)持說自己是無辜的。（5）動(dòng)詞+it+V-ed+從句Hemadeitknowntoeveryonethathewasright.他讓每個(gè)人都明白他是對(duì)的。4.時(shí)態(tài)（1）主句是現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。DoesanyoneknowwhereIcanfindahome?（2）主句是過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，從句一定要用______的某種時(shí)態(tài)。Wedidn’tknowwhyshehadmissedtheflight.【注意】如果賓語(yǔ)從句表述的是______________________________等時(shí),不管主句是什么時(shí)態(tài),從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.三、表語(yǔ)從句1.定義：在復(fù)合句中，如作表語(yǔ)的是一個(gè)從句，該從句被稱為表語(yǔ)從句。系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，說明主語(yǔ)的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。常見的系動(dòng)詞有：be動(dòng)詞:_________________________________感官動(dòng)詞:_______________________________“變得詞”:_______________________________“持續(xù)詞”:_______________________________2.連接詞（1）從屬連詞：that/whether1)Themostimportantthingisthatwefinishthefinaltask.2)Thequestioniswhetherwecanfinishitinsuchashorttime.3)Thereasonwhyhewaslateisthathegotuplate.【歸納】1.that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只起______作用，作/不作句子成分，有/沒有意義。2.whether引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只起______作用，作/不作句子成分，通常翻譯為“______”。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)通常不用if。3.主語(yǔ)是reason時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句不能用because,只能用that。（2）連接代詞：who,whom,whose,which,what,whatever,whoever,whichever1)Sheisnotwhoshewas.2)Exerciseiswhatkeepsushealthy.3)Thewinnerwillbewhoeversolvesthatproblem.4)Mypartwillbewhateveryougivetome.【歸納】連接代詞引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，既起______作用，又作句子成分(通常作__________________等)。（3）連接副詞：where,when,how,why,whenever,wherever1)ThehouseiswhereLuXunoncelived.2)Tomorrowiswhenitwouldbethemostconvenient.3)Byboatistheonlywaytogethere,whichishowwearrived.4)That’swhyyoushouldpushyourself.5)Thebesttimetostartiswheneveryouareready.【歸納】連接副詞引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，既起______作用，又作句子成分（通常作______）。4.其他詞1)That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.2)Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.3)Itlookedasthoughitmightrainatanyminute.【注意】如果引出表語(yǔ)從句的名詞是一些表示“建議”或者“命令”之類的詞如advice,suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea等,那么從句中的動(dòng)詞通常用__________________。Hisproposalwasthatthework_________________(finish)infivehours.四、同位語(yǔ)從句1.定義：在復(fù)合句中，從句作某一名詞的同位語(yǔ)，對(duì)該名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋說明，該從句被稱為同位語(yǔ)從句。2.用法：同位語(yǔ)從句常放在抽象名詞，如fact,idea,news,information,order,belief,suggestion,reply,answer,thought等之后，以具體說明這些詞的含義。1)Thefactthatwecannottravelfasterthanlightmeansthatitwilltakealongtimetoreachthoseplanets.2)Hecan’tanswerthequestionhowhegotthemoney.3)Ihavenoideawherehecomesfrom.3.連接詞（1）that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，在從句中_____成分，只起_____作用，_____具體意義，不能省略。Theyweresurprisedatthenewsthattheirteamhadwon.（2）whether引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，意為_____，__________if代替。Lilyaskedmethequestionwhetherthenovelwasworthreading.（3）連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作成分。Ihavenoideawhatyouaretalkingabout._____Ihavenoideawhobrokethewindowyesterday._____Ihavenoideawhichisthebest._____Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback._____Ihavenoideawherehehasgone._____IhavenoideawhyJackisabsentfromschool._____IhavenoideahowIcanoperatethenewmachine._____4.間隔式同位語(yǔ)從句：同位語(yǔ)從句通常是跟在它解釋或說明的名詞后，有些情況下，同位語(yǔ)從句和名詞被其他詞隔開。1)Wordcamethattheconcerthadbeenputoff.2)Anideaoccurredtoherthatshecouldtryanotherway.5.在某些名詞(如demand,suggestion,wish,advice,request,proposal,order等)后的同位語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用__________，should可以省略。Wefollowedhisadvicethatwe__________(turn)toourteacherforhelp.6.同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句性質(zhì)同位語(yǔ)從句是從句對(duì)前面抽象名詞的進(jìn)一步的說明和解