考研英語(yǔ)圖表作文寫(xiě)作方法和模板

圖表作文(一)第一節(jié)圖表作文的類(lèi)型圖表作文可分為兩大類(lèi)：表作文和圖作文。表作文表格(Table)可以使大量數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)化，便于閱讀、比較。表格常由標(biāo)題(Title)、表頭(Boxhead)(表格的第一行)、側(cè)目(Stub)(表格左邊的第一列)和主體(Body)部分(表格的其余部分)等部分組成。如下表：用表格表達(dá)的信息具體準(zhǔn)確，而且表格中的各項(xiàng)均按一定規(guī)律排列。閱讀表格時(shí)要注意找出表格中各個(gè)項(xiàng)目的相互關(guān)系，表格中各個(gè)項(xiàng)目的變化規(guī)律。例如，上面的表格中的數(shù)字說(shuō)明，和1978年相比，1983年大學(xué)入學(xué)的人數(shù)在增加，而小學(xué)的入學(xué)人數(shù)在減少。搞清楚這些變化規(guī)律也就讀懂了表格的內(nèi)容。圖作文圖作文又可分為三種：圓形圖作文、曲線圖作文和條狀圖作文。圓形圖作文圓形圖(Piechart)也稱為餅狀圖或圓面分割圖。圓形圖因?yàn)楸容^形象和直觀，各部分空間大小差別容易分辨，所以常用來(lái)表示總量和各分量之間的百分比關(guān)系。整個(gè)圓表示總量，楔形塊表示分量。有時(shí)圓形圖還有數(shù)值表，兩者結(jié)合可把各分量表示得更準(zhǔn)確、清楚。例如：ThisisapiechartoftheaverageweeklyexpenditureofafamilyinGreatBritain.Ascanbeseefromthechart,themainexpenditureofanaverageBritishfamilyisspentonfood,whichaccountsfor25%ofitstotalexpenditure.Thenexttwosignificantexpendingitemsaretransportandhousing,whichare15%and12%respectively.Ifwetakeintoaccountclothingandfootwear,whichmakesup10%,thefouressentialsoflife,thatis,food,transport,housing,andclothingandfootwear,amountto62%ofthetotalexpenditure.曲線圖作文曲線圖(Linegraph)也稱為線性圖或坐標(biāo)圖。曲線圖最適合表示兩個(gè)變量之間關(guān)系的發(fā)展過(guò)程和趨勢(shì)。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，曲線所呈現(xiàn)的形狀比某一點(diǎn)所代表的變量的值更有意義。曲線圖有橫軸和縱軸。一般先看橫軸所代表的數(shù)量或時(shí)間等，然后再看縱軸所顯示的意義。同時(shí)必須找出線條所反映的最高或最低的變化。例如：這個(gè)曲線圖的橫軸代表1990年的不同的月份，縱軸代表交通事故的數(shù)量。從交通事故曲線圖上可知，前八個(gè)月的交通事故的數(shù)量有升有降。曲線圖在八月份升到了最高點(diǎn)(39)，此后一直呈下降的趨勢(shì)，十二月份降到了最低點(diǎn)(16)?？梢?jiàn)，1990年的交通事故的數(shù)量總體上呈下降的趨勢(shì)。條形圖作文條形圖(Bargraph)也稱為立柱圖或圓柱圖。條形圖由寬度相同但長(zhǎng)度不同的條塊代表不同的量。當(dāng)要比較幾個(gè)項(xiàng)目或量時(shí)，常用不同顏色來(lái)區(qū)分。條形圖主要用來(lái)表示：1)同一項(xiàng)目在不同時(shí)間的量;2)同一時(shí)間不同項(xiàng)目的量。閱讀條形圖時(shí)，要先看圖例，再看橫軸、縱橫各代表什么量，每一個(gè)刻度所代表的值是多少，最后找出圖中各長(zhǎng)條所表示的數(shù)據(jù)及各長(zhǎng)條間的相互關(guān)系。例如：左邊的條形圖的橫軸代表時(shí)間，縱軸代表期望壽命(LifeExpectancy)，這一條形圖想要體現(xiàn)的是同一項(xiàng)目(期望壽命)在不同時(shí)間的量。右邊的條形圖的橫軸也是代表時(shí)間，縱軸是代表嬰兒的死亡率(InfantMortality)，這一條形圖想要體現(xiàn)的也是同一項(xiàng)目(嬰兒的死亡率)在不同時(shí)間的量。左邊的條形圖表明1990年的人均期望壽命比1960年的人均期望壽命長(zhǎng)20歲，而1990年的嬰兒死亡率比1960年的嬰兒死亡率下降了50%。第二節(jié)圖表作文的出題形式例1題目：ChangesinPeople'sDietStudythefollowingtablecarefullyandyourcompositionmustbebasedontheinformationgiveninthetable.Writethreeparagraphsto:statethechangesinpeopld飲食)dnethepastfiveyears;givepossiblereasonsforthechanges;drawyourownconclusions.Youshouldquoteasfewfiguresaspossible.例2題目：CarAccidentsDeclininginWaltonCityRememberthatyourcompositionmustbewrittenaccordingtothefollowingoutline;Riseandfalloftherateofcaraccidentsasindicatedbythegraph;Possiblereason(s)forthedeclineofcaraccidentsinthecity;Yourpredictionsofwhatwillhappenthisyear.Yourcompositionshouldbenolessthan120wordsandyoushouldquoteasfewfiguresaspossible.例3Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHealthGaininDevelopingCountries.Yourcompositionmustbenolessthan120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositiononthefollowinginstructions（giveninChinese）:以下圖為依據(jù)描述發(fā)展中國(guó)家的期望壽命（lifeexpectancy）和嬰兒死亡率（infantmortality）的變化情況說(shuō)明引起變化的各種原因從以上例子可見(jiàn)，圖表作文一般在題目中給出作文的標(biāo)題和一個(gè)或幾個(gè)統(tǒng)計(jì)表格、圓形圖、曲線圖或條形圖，有時(shí)還用英文或中文提綱的形式給出提示，要求我們：1）用文字描述圖表，客觀解釋圖表中所傳遞的信息，并找出某種規(guī)律或趨勢(shì)；2）就圖表中所反映的某種趨勢(shì)或問(wèn)題分析其原因或后果。第三節(jié)圖表作文的寫(xiě)作要領(lǐng)圖表作文著重說(shuō)明事實(shí)，常常是通過(guò)對(duì)圖表中所反映的具體數(shù)據(jù)的說(shuō)明、分析、比較，對(duì)某種事物或現(xiàn)象的事實(shí)或變化情況等加以說(shuō)明，并提出結(jié)論或看法。因此，圖表作文常常采用議論文體的寫(xiě)作方法。寫(xiě)好圖表作文，關(guān)鍵在于能否讀懂圖表中所提供的信息，把握各信息間的聯(lián)系，用準(zhǔn)確流暢的語(yǔ)言把這一信息表達(dá)出來(lái)，并就這一信息發(fā)表自己的看法。圖表作文的寫(xiě)作步驟寫(xiě)圖表作文時(shí)，要注意遵循以下步驟：1）認(rèn)真分析圖表的含義，弄清圖表中所含的信息及不同信息間的關(guān)系2）確定文章的主題思想，構(gòu)思出文章的基本框架，篩選出能說(shuō)明圖表主題思想的典型數(shù)據(jù)；3）編列文章的提綱；4）根據(jù)文章的提綱，將各段的提綱內(nèi)容擴(kuò)展成段落，然后將各個(gè)段落組成文章，注意段與段之間的銜接與過(guò)渡；5）檢查與修改。圖表作文的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)寫(xiě)圖表作文時(shí)，常采用三段式的謀篇方式。文章的第一段往往分析圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)變化反映什么問(wèn)題或趨勢(shì)，概述圖表所揭示的信息。第二段分析造成這一問(wèn)題或趨勢(shì)的原因。第三段則展望未來(lái)的情況或提出解決問(wèn)題的辦法或建議。這一結(jié)構(gòu)可以簡(jiǎn)單地表述為：第一段：概述圖表反映的主題思想第二段：分析產(chǎn)生的原因第三段：展望未來(lái)或提出方法或建議圖表作文常用的句型⑴常用的開(kāi)篇句型(即概述圖表內(nèi)容時(shí)常用的表達(dá)法)Accordingtothetable/piechart/linegraph/bargraph,wecansee/concludethat...根據(jù)該表/圖，我們可知……Thetable/graphreveals(shows/indicates/illustrates/represents/pointsout)that...該表/圖表明……Aswecanseefromthetable...Ascanbeseenfromtheline/bargraph...Asisshown(illustrated/indicated)inthepiechart...如表/圖所示，……(2)描述增減變化常用的句型Comparedwith...isstillincreasedby...Thenumberof.grew/rosefrom...to...Anincreaseisshownin...;thencameasharpincreaseof...In...thenumberremainsthesame/dropsto...Therewasaveryslight(small/slow/gradual)rise/increasein1990.Therewasaverysteady(marked/sharp/rapid/sudden/dramatic)drop(decrease/decline/fall/reduction)in1998/comparedwiththatoflastyear).下面是根據(jù)例2的題目要求寫(xiě)的范文。(l)Fromthegraph,wecanseethatthenumberofcaraccidentsinWaltoncityfluctuatedduringtheyearof1990.(2)Thefirsttwomonthsof1990showedanincreasingtrend.(3)Therateroseto32inMarchbutfellto26inJune.⑷FromJuneon,theratewasrisingagainandreachedthepeakpoint39inAugust.(5)AfterAugusttheratebegantodeclineremarkably,andeventuallydroppedtothelowestpoint16attheendoftheyear.^Therefore,it'sobviousthatcaraccidentinWaltoncitydeclinedin1990.⑴主題句/概述表格反映的內(nèi)容⑵一(5)反映交通事故的變化情況(6)小結(jié)：總結(jié)表格數(shù)據(jù)反映的總趨勢(shì)(7)Thereareseveralreasonsforthedecline.(8)First,anewtrafficlawwasmadeandcameintoforce.(9)Itprovidedthatinsummereverycarmustbeair-conditioned.(10)Asaresult,thehighestrateinAugust,whenhumidityandhightemperaturemakedriversimpatientandeasilyleadtocaraccidents,droppedsteadily.(IDSecond,newroadswerebuiltandsomenarrowstreetswerewidened,whichquickenedtheflowoftraffic.(12)Finally,thecityadministrationmadegreateffortstoheightenpeople'sawarenessofobservingtrafficrules.⑺主題句⑻原因/措施一⑼解釋措施一/次要輔助⑽采取措施一后的結(jié)果(11)原因/措施二(12)原因/措施三(13)Withallthesenewmeasures,I'msuretherateofcaraccidentsinWaltoncitywillgoonfallingthisyear.(13)總結(jié)：展望未來(lái)的情況第四節(jié)、圖表作文練習(xí)及其參考范文下面是寫(xiě)作練習(xí)，在寫(xiě)作的過(guò)程中注意審題，考慮文章的結(jié)構(gòu)、采用的擴(kuò)展方法、開(kāi)頭的結(jié)尾的方法以及文章中的過(guò)渡等。練習(xí)1：Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositionofnolessthan120wordsonChangesinPeople'sDiet.Studythefollowingtablecarefullyandyourcompositionmustbebasedontheinformationgiveninthetable.Writethreeparagraphsto:statethechangesinpeople'sdiet(飲食)inthepastfiveyears;givepossiblereasonsforthechanges;drawyourownconclusions.Youshouldquoteasfewfiguresaspossible.Asisshowninthetable,therehavebeengreatchangesinpeople'sdietbetween1986and1990.(2)Fromthetable,wecanfindthatgrain,formerlythemainfoodofmostChinesepeople,isnowplayingalessimportantroleinpeople'sdiet.(3)Andthesamegoesforfruitandvegetables.⑷Ontheotherhand,theconsumptionofhigh-nutritionfoodsuchmilkandmeathasincreasedrapidly.(5)Whathascausedthesechanges?Therearemainlythreereasons(主題句).(6)First,peoplearemuchwealthierthanbefore.(7)Withhigherincome,theycanaffordtobuynutritiousfoods.(8)Second,peoplehaverealizedtheimportanceofabalanceddiettotheirhealth.(9)Lackofcertainamountofmeatormilk,forexample,willresultinpoorhealth.(10)Finally,owingtotheeconomicreform,meatandmilk,whichwerescarceinthepast,areproducedinlargequantities.Althoughmilkandmeatareimportanttoone'shealth,eatingtoomuchrichfoodmayresultinobesityandmayotherdiseases.(12)Therefore,peopleshouldnotonlyeatalotofmilkandmeat,butalsoenoughgrain,fruitandvegetableforthesakeoftheirhealth.圖表作文(二)一、圖表作文寫(xiě)作常識(shí)1、圖形種類(lèi)及概述法：泛扌旨一份數(shù)據(jù)圖表：adatagraph/chart/diagram/illustration/table餅圖：piechart直方圖或柱形圖：barchart/histogram趨勢(shì)曲線圖：linechart/curvediagram表格圖：table流程圖或過(guò)程圖：flowchart/sequencediagram程序圖：processing/proceduresdiagram2、常用的描述用法Thetable/chartdiagram/graphshows(that)Accordingtothetable/chartdiagram/graphAs(is)showninthetable/chartdiagram/graphAscanbeseenfromthetable/chart/diagram/graph/figures,figures/statisticsshows(that)Itcanbeseenfromthefigures/statisticsWecanseefromthefigures/statisticsItisclearfromthefigures/statisticsItisapparentfromthefigures/statisticstable/chart/diagram/graphfigures(that)table/chart/diagram/graphshows/describes/illustrateshow3、圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)(Data)具體表達(dá)法數(shù)據(jù)(Data)在某一個(gè)時(shí)間段固定不變：fixedintime在一系列的時(shí)間段中轉(zhuǎn)變：changesovertime持續(xù)變化的data在不同情況下：增加：increase/raise/rise/goup減少：decrease/growdown/drop/fall波動(dòng)：fluctuate/rebound/undulate/wave穩(wěn)定：remainstable/stabilize/leveloff最常用的兩種表達(dá)法：動(dòng)詞+副詞形式(Verb+Adverbform)形容詞+名詞形式(Adjective+Nounform)二、相關(guān)常用詞組1、主章開(kāi)頭圖表類(lèi)型：table、chart、diagramgraph>columnchart、piegraph描述：show、describe>illustrate>canbeseenfrom、clear、apparent>reveal、represent內(nèi)容：figure>statistic>number、percentage>proportion2、表示數(shù)據(jù)變化的單詞或者詞組rapid/rapidly迅速的，飛快的，險(xiǎn)峻的dramatic/dramatically戲劇性的，生動(dòng)的significant/significantly有意義的，重大的，重要的sharp/sharply銳利的，明顯的，急劇的steep/steeply急劇升降的steady/steadily穩(wěn)固的，堅(jiān)定不移的gradual/gradually漸進(jìn)的，逐漸的slow/slowly緩慢的，不活躍的slight/slightly輕微的、略微地stable/stably穩(wěn)定的3、其它在描述中的常用到的詞significantchanges圖中一些較大變化noticeabletrend明顯趨勢(shì)duringthesameperiod在同一時(shí)期grow/grew增長(zhǎng)distribute分布，區(qū)別unequally不相等地inthecaseofadv.在的情況下intermsof/inrespectof/regarding在方面incontrast相反，大不相同governmentpolicy政府政策marketforces市場(chǎng)規(guī)率measuren.尺寸，方法，措施v.估量，調(diào)節(jié)forecastn.先見(jiàn)，預(yù)見(jiàn)v.預(yù)測(cè)三、英語(yǔ)圖表寫(xiě)作套句精選thetableshowsthechangesinthenumberof.overtheperiodftomto該表格描述了在……年之……年間……數(shù)量的變化。thebarchartillustratesthat該柱狀圖展示了thegraphprovidessomeinterestingdataregarding該圖為我們提供了有關(guān)……有趣數(shù)據(jù)。thediagramshows（that）該圖向我們展示了thepiegraphdepicts（that）該圓形圖揭示了thisisacuregraphwhichdescribesthetrendof.這個(gè)曲線圖描述了的趨勢(shì)。thefigures/statisticsshow（that）數(shù)據(jù)（字）表明thetreediagramrevealshow該樹(shù)型圖向我們揭示了如何thedata/statisticsshow（that）該數(shù)據(jù)（字）可以這樣理解thedata/statistics/figuresleadustotheconclusionthat這些數(shù)據(jù)資料令我們得出結(jié)論……asisshown/demonstrated/exhibitedinthediagram/graph/chart/table...如圖所示…accordingtothechart/figures根據(jù)這些表（數(shù)字）asisshowninthetable如表格所示ascanbeseenfromthediagram，greatchangeshavetakenplacein從圖中可以看出，……發(fā)生了巨大變化。fromthetable/chart/diagram/figure，wecanseeclearlythatoritisclear/apparentfromthechartthat從圖表我們可以很清楚（明顯）看到thisisagraphwhichillustrates這個(gè)圖表向我們展示了thistableshowsthechangingproportionofa&bfromto該表格描述了……年到……年間a與b的比例關(guān)系。thegraph，presentedinapiechart，showsthegeneraltrendin該圖以圓形圖形式描述了?……總的趨勢(shì)。thisisacolumnchartshowing這是個(gè)柱型圖，描述了ascanbeseenfromthegraph，thetwocurvesshowthefluctuationof.如圖所示，兩條曲線描述了……的波動(dòng)情況。21.overtheperiodfrom...to...the...remainedlevel.在…至...期間，…基本不變。22.intheyearbetweenand在年至U期間23.inthe3yearsspanningfrom1995through19981995年至1998三年里fromthenon/fromthistimeonwards從那時(shí)起thenumberof.remainedsteady/stablefrom（month/year）to（month/year）。月（年）至月（年）的數(shù)量基本不變。thenumbersharplywentupto數(shù)字急劇上升至thepercentageof.stayedthesamebetween.and至…期間…的比率維持不變。thefigurespeakedatin（month/year）的數(shù)目在月（年）達(dá)到頂點(diǎn)，為thepercentageremainedsteadyat比率維持在thepercentageof...isslightlylarger/smallerthanthatof比例比…的比例略高（低）。thereisnotagreatdealofdifferencebetweenand與的區(qū)另U不大。32.thegraphsshowathreefoldincreaseinthenumberof.該圖表表明……的數(shù)目增長(zhǎng)了三倍。33decreasedyearbyyearwhileincreasedsteadily.……逐年減少，而……逐步上升。thesituationreachedapeak(ahighpointat)of[%].……的情況(局勢(shì))到達(dá)頂(高)點(diǎn)，為……百分點(diǎn)。thefigures/situationbottomedoutin數(shù)字(情況)在達(dá)到底部。thefiguresreachedthebottom/alowpoint/hitatrough數(shù)字(情況)達(dá)到底部(低谷)。aistimesasmuch/manyasb.a是b的倍。aincreasedbya增長(zhǎng)了aincreasedtoa增長(zhǎng)至Uhigh/low/great/small/percentage.比低高(低)thereisanupwardtrendinthenumberof.數(shù)字呈上升趨勢(shì)。aconsiderableincrease/decreaseoccurredfromto至U發(fā)生急劇上升。fromtotherateofdecreaseslowdown.從到，下降速率減慢。fromthisyearon,therewasagradualdeclinelreductioninthe,reachingafigureof.??…從這年起，……逐漸下降至……besimilarto與相似bethesameas與相同therearealotsimilarities/differencesbetweenand……與……之間有許多相似(不同)之處ahassomethingincommonwithba于b有共同之處。thedifferencebetweenaandbliesina與b之間的差另U在于50(year)witnessed/sawasharprisein年急^0上升開(kāi)頭段轉(zhuǎn)述題目常用句型Thelinegraphdescribes/illustrates/demonstrates/summarizes/outlines/shows...后面跟名詞或者從句開(kāi)頭段或者主體段引出數(shù)據(jù)或者趨勢(shì)常用句型Accordingto/Asshownin/Ascanbeseenfrom...后面跟圖表的類(lèi)型Itcanbeseenfrom...后面跟圖表的類(lèi)型…thatItisma