《語言學(xué)教程》chapter-3-Morphology-的word文檔

Chapter3LexiconTimeperiods:twoclassesTeachingcontents:3.1definitionofaword3.2TheformationofwordsTeachingaimsandrequirementsLearnbyheart:1.Theclassificationsofmorphemes,suchasfreemorphemeandboundmorpheme,stem,root,inflectionalaffixandderivationalaffix.2.Twowaysofword-formationsuchasinflectionsandderivations.Know:1.Thedefinitionofmorphemes,freemorphemes,boundmorphemes,stem,root,affix,inflectionandderivationandsoon.2.Twodifferentfieldsofmorphology,includinginflectionalmorphologyandderivationalmorphology.Understand:1.Definitionofaword2.Theclassificationsofwordaccordingtodifferentaspects3.TheformationofwordsTeachingfocusanddifficulties:Focus：1.Thedefinitionofmorphemes,freemorphemes,boundmorphemes,stem,root,affix,inflectionandderivationandsoon.2.Theclassificationsofmorphemes,suchasfreemorphemeandboundmorpheme,stem,root,inflectionalaffixandderivationalaffix.3.Twowaysofword-formationsuchasinflectionsandderivations.Difficulty:1.Classificationofmorphemes2.Inflectionandderivations.1.Reviewwhatwehavelearnedinlastchapter,andasksomestudentstoanswerthefollowingquestions:(5m)1)HowareEnglishconsonantsclassified?2)HowareEnglishVowelsclassified?3)Whatarephonemesandallophones?2.Study3.1DefinitionofawordAwordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction.ZhangWeiyou(1999)aminimumfreeformStability--internalstructure(can’trearrange)relativeuninterruptibility--internalstructure(can’tinsert)Classificationofwords(1)Basicwordstock&non-basicvocabularyContentwords&functionalwordsNativewords&borrowedwordsVariablewords&invariablewordsOpen-classwords&closed-classwordsTraditionalpartsofspeech&additionalfourcategoriesClassificationofwords(2)Variablewords&invariablewords(variability)—variablewords:thewordswhoseformischangeable,wordswhichmightappearindifferentinflectiveandderivativeforms,v.n.—invariablewords:thewordswhoseformisunchangeable,wordswhichusuallyoccurinthesameformsuchas:since,in,for,of,at,onClassificationofwords(3)Open-classwords&closed-classwords(membership)--open-classwords:membershipisunlimited,n.v.(economicwords,scientificwords.)--closed-classwords:membershipiscomparativelylimited.Pronouns,conj,prep.Articles.Classificationofwords(4)Traditionalpartsofspeech&additionalfourcategoriesTraditionalpartsofspeech:N.v.adj.Adv.Prep.Conj.Interj.ArticleAdditionalfourcategoriesParticles:小品詞infinitemaker‘to’,negativemaker‘not’,subordinateunitsinverbalphrases.Auxiliaries:助詞(助動詞、情態(tài)動詞)Pro-form代詞形式-adj.e.g.Helikestheanimal,sodoi.e.g.Thedeskiswhite,soisthechair.Determiners限定詞‘the’,‘a(chǎn)’,‘some’,‘a(chǎn)ll’e.g.‘a(chǎn)llthebeautifulChinesegirls’,3.Study3.2Theformationofword1)Askthestudentstoskipoverthissectionandfindouttheanswerstothefollowingquestions:a.Whatismorphology?b.Whatismorpheme?WhatisthebiggestdifferencebetweenmorphemeandAdjective/adverbforms:smaller,smallest“Inflection”:isthemanifestationofgrammaticalrelationshipsthroughtheadditionofinflectionalaffixes,suchasnumber,person,finiteness,aspect,andcase,whichdoesnotchangethegrammaticalclassoftheitemstowhichtheyareattached.(2)Wordformation

a.CompoundTwoormorefreerootscombinetomakeanewword.Nouncompounds:daybreak,playboy,haircut,windmillVerbcompounds:brainstorm,lipread,baby-sitAdjectivecompounds:gray-haired,insect-eating,duty-freeEndocentric&ExocentricEndocentric:oneelementservesasthehead,therelationshipof“akindof”;e.g.self-control:akindofcontrolarmchair:akindofchairExocentric:thereisnohead,sonotarelationshipof“akindofsomething”,e.g.scarecrow:notakindofcrowbreakneck:notakindofneckb.DerivationClass-changing:N>V:lengthen,hospitalize,discardN>A:friendly,delightful,speechlessV>N