1972年國際海上避碰規(guī)則公約英文版

on1972年《國際海上避碰規(guī)則公約》ConventionontheInternationalRegulationsforPreventingCollisionsatSea,1972各締約國,本著保持高度的海上安全的愿望,注意到有必要對1960年國際海上人命安全會議最終議定書所附的國際海上避碰規(guī)則進(jìn)行修訂并使之適應(yīng)新的情況，經(jīng)就該規(guī)則被認(rèn)可以來的發(fā)展情況對之進(jìn)行了審議,現(xiàn)協(xié)議如下:THEPARTIESTOTHEPRESENTCONVENTION,DESIRINGtomaintainahighlevelofsafetyatsea,MINDFULoftheneedtoreviseandbringuptodatetheInternationalRegulationsforPreventingCollisionsatSeaannexedtotheFinalActoftheInternationalConferenceonSafetyofLifeatSea,1960,HAVINGCONSIDEREDthoseRegulationsinthelightofdevelopmentssincetheywereapproved,HAVEAGREEDasfollows:第I條一般義務(wù)ArticleIGeneralobligations本公約各締約國保證實施構(gòu)成本公約所附1972年國際海上避碰規(guī)則(以下簡稱"本規(guī)則”)的各項條款及其他附錄。ThePartiestothepresentConventionundertaketogiveeffecttotheRulesandotherAnnexesconstitutingtheInternationalRegulationsforPreventingCollisionsatSea,1972,(hereinafterreferredtoas"theRegulations")attachedhereto.第H條簽署、批準(zhǔn)、接受、核準(zhǔn)和加入ArticleIISignature,ratification,acceptance,approvalandaccession.本公約保持開放到1973年6月1日為止供簽署，此后繼續(xù)開放供加入。1.ThepresentConventionshallremainopenforsignatureuntil1June1973andshallthereafterremainopenforaccession..聯(lián)合國或其任何專門機(jī)構(gòu)或國際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)的會員國,或國際法院規(guī)約的當(dāng)事方，可按照下列方式參加本公約：2.StatesMembersoftheUnitedNations,orofanyoftheSpecializedAgencies,ortheInternationalAtomicEnergyAgency,orPartiestotheStatuteoftheInternationalCourtofJusticemaybecomePartiestothisConventionby:(a)簽署并對批準(zhǔn)、接受或核準(zhǔn)無保留；(a)signaturewithoutreservationastoratification,acceptanceorapproval;(b)簽署而有待批準(zhǔn)、接受或核準(zhǔn)，隨后予以批準(zhǔn)、接受或核準(zhǔn);或(b)signaturesubjecttoratification,acceptanceorapprovalfollowedbyratification,acceptanceorapproval;or(c)力口入。(c)accession..批準(zhǔn)、接受、核準(zhǔn)或加入須向政府間海事協(xié)商組織(以下簡稱“本組織”)交存相應(yīng)的文件,方為有效。本組織應(yīng)將每一上述文件的交存和交存日期通知已簽署或已力口入本公約的各國政府。3.Ratification,acceptance,approvaloraccessionshallbeeffectedbythedepositofaninstrumenttothateffectwiththeInter-GovernmentalMaritimeConsultativeOrganization(hereinafterreferredtoas"theOrganization")whichshallinformtheGovernmentsofStatesthathavesignedoraccededtothepresentConventionofthedepositofeachinstrumentandofthedateofitsdeposit.第III條適用的領(lǐng)土ArticleIIITerritorialapplication.聯(lián)合國如系某一領(lǐng)土的管理當(dāng)局，或任一締約國如負(fù)責(zé)某一領(lǐng)土的國際關(guān)系,可隨時以書面通知本組織秘書長(以下簡稱“秘書長”)，將本公約擴(kuò)大適用于該領(lǐng)土。1.TheUnitedNationsincaseswheretheyaretheadministeringauthorityforaterritoryoranyContractingPartyresponsiblefortheinternationalrelationsofaterritorymayatanytimebynotificationinwritingtotheSecretary-GeneraloftheOrganization(hereinafterreferredtoas"theSecretary-General"),extendtheapplicationofthisConventiontosuchaterritory..本公約應(yīng)自接到通知之日或通知中規(guī)定的其他日期起,擴(kuò)大適用于通知中所述領(lǐng)土。2.ThepresentConventionshall,uponthedateofreceiptofthenotificationorfromsuchotherdateasmaybespecifiedinthenotification,extendtotheterritorynamedtherein.3對根據(jù)本條第1款所作通知中所述的任何領(lǐng)土,均可撤銷擴(kuò)大適用,經(jīng)一年后或撤銷時規(guī)定的更長期限后，本公約即不再適用于該領(lǐng)土。3.Anynotificationmadeinaccordancewithparagraph1ofthisArticlemaybewithdrawninrespectofanyterritorymentionedinthatnotificationandtheextensionofthisConventiontothatterritoryshallceasetoapplyafteroneyearorsuchlongerperiodasmaybespecifiedatthetimeofthewithdrawal..秘書長應(yīng)將根據(jù)本條所遞交的任何擴(kuò)大適用或撤銷擴(kuò)大適用的通4.TheSecretary-GeneralshallinformallContractingPartiesofthenotificationofanyextensionorwithdrawalofanyextension知，通知所有締約國。communicatedunderthisArticle.第IV條生效ArticleIVEntryintoforce.(a)本公約應(yīng)在至少有15個國家參加本公約之日起12個月后生效,該15國的商船總和應(yīng)不少于全世界100總噸及100總噸以上船舶的艘數(shù)或噸位的65%。以先達(dá)到者為準(zhǔn)。1.(a)ThepresentConventionshallenterintoforcetwelvemonthsafterthedateonwhichatleast15States,theaggregateofwhosemerchantfleetsconstitutesnotlessthan65percentbynumberorbytonnageoftheworldfleetofvesselsof100grosstonsandoverhavebecomePartiestoit,whicheverisachievedfirst.(b)盡管有本款(a)項的規(guī)定，本公約在1976年1月1日之前不應(yīng)生效。(b)Notwithstandingtheprovisionsinsub-paragraph(a)ofthisparagraph,thepresentConventionshallnotenterintoforcebefore1January1976..對于在達(dá)到本條第1款(a)項所規(guī)定的條件之后而在本公約生效之前按照第II條規(guī)定批準(zhǔn)。接受。核準(zhǔn)或加入本公約的國家，應(yīng)自本公約生效之日起生效。2.EntryintoforceforStateswhichratify,accept,approveoraccedetothisConventioninaccordancewithArticleIIaftertheconditionsprescribedinsub-paragraph1(a)havebeenmetandbeforetheConventionentersintoforce,shallbeonthedateofentryintoforceoftheConvention..對于在本公約生效之日以后批準(zhǔn)、接受、核準(zhǔn)或加入本公約的國家，應(yīng)自按第II條規(guī)定交存文件之日起生效。3.EntryintoforceforStateswhichratify,accept,approveoraccedeafterthedateonwhichthisConventionentersintoforce,shallbeonthedateofdepositofaninstrumentinaccordancewithArticleII..在本公約修正案按照第VI條第4款規(guī)定生效之日后，任何批準(zhǔn)、接受、核準(zhǔn)或加入，都應(yīng)適用修正后的公約。4.AfterthedateofentryintoforceofanamendmenttothisConventioninaccordancewithparagraph4ofArticleVI,anyratification,acceptance,approvaloraccessionshallapplytotheConventionasamended..本公約生效之日，本規(guī)則即代替并廢除1960年國際海上避碰規(guī)則。5.OnthedateofentryintoforceofthisConvention,theRegulationsreplaceandabrogatetheInternationalRegulationsforPreventingCollisionsatSea,1960..秘書長應(yīng)將生效日期通知已簽署或已加入本公約的各國政府。6.TheSecretary-GeneralshallinformtheGovernmentsofStatesthathavesignedoraccededtothisConventionofthedateofitsentryintoforce.第V條修訂會議ArticleVRevisionconference.本組織可以召開會議修訂本公約或本規(guī)則,或修訂二者。1.AConferenceforthepurposeofrevisingthisConventionortheRegulationsorbothmaybeconvenedbytheOrganization..經(jīng)不少于三分之一的締約國請求,本組織應(yīng)召開締約國會議，以修訂本公約或本規(guī)則，或修訂二者。2.TheOrganizationshallconveneaConferenceofContractingPartiesforthepurposeofrevisingthisConventionortheRegulationsorbothattherequestofnotlessthanone-thirdoftheContractingParties.第VI條本規(guī)則的修正ArticleVIAmendmentstotheRegulations.任一締約國對本規(guī)則所提的任何修正案,經(jīng)其請求后,應(yīng)在本組織中予以審議。1.AnyamendmenttotheRegulationsproposedbyaContractingPartyshallbeconsideredintheOrganizationattherequestofthatParty..如該修正案經(jīng)出席本組織海上安全委員會并投票的三分之二多數(shù)通過,則至少應(yīng)在本組織大會對之審議前6個月將其通知所有締約國和本組織會員。在大會審議該修正案時，非本組織會員的任何締約國均有權(quán)參加。2.Ifadoptedbyatwo-thirdsmajorityofthosepresentandvotingintheMaritimeSafetyCommitteeoftheOrganization,suchamendmentshallbecommunicatedtoallContractingPartiesandMembersoftheOrganizationatleastsixmonthspriortoitsconsiderationbytheAssemblyoftheOrganization.AnyContractingPartywhichisnotaMemberoftheOrganizationshallbeentitledtoparticipatewhentheamendmentisconsideredbytheAssembly..如該修正案經(jīng)出席大會并投票的三分之二多數(shù)通過,秘書長應(yīng)將其通知所有締約國以供接受。3.Ifadoptedbyatwo-thirdmajorityofthosepresentandvotingintheAssembly,theamendmentshallbecommunicatedbytheSecretary-GeneraltoallContractingPartiesfortheiracceptance..該項修正案應(yīng)在大會通過時所決定的日期生效,除非在大會所同4.SuchanamendmentshallenterintoforceonadatetobedeterminedbytheAssemblyatthetimeofitsadoptionunless,byapriordatedeterminedbytheAssemblyatthesametime,morethan時確定的一個較早日期之前,有三分之一以上的締約國通知本組織反對該修正案。本款所指經(jīng)大會決定的兩個日期，應(yīng)由到會并投票的三分之二多數(shù)通過。one-thirdoftheContractingPartiesnotifytheOrganizationoftheirobjectiontotheamendment.DeterminationbytheAssemblyofthedatesreferredtointhisparagraphshallbebyatwo-thirdsmajorityofthosepresentandvoting..任何修正案一經(jīng)生效后,對于未曾對修正案提出反對的所有締約國，即應(yīng)取代并廢止該修正案所涉及的任何原有的規(guī)定。5.Onentryintoforceanyamendmentshall,forallContractingPartieswhichhavenotobjectedtotheamendment,replaceandsupersedeanypreviousprovisiontowhichtheamendmentrefers..秘書長應(yīng)將按本條所作的任何請求和通知以及修正案的生效日期,通知所有締約國和本組織會員。6.TheSecretary-GeneralshallinformallContractingPartiesandMembersoftheOrganizationofanyrequestandcommunicationunderthisArticleandthedateonwhichanyamendmententersintoforce.第VII條退出ArticleVIIDenunciation.任何締約國，在本公約對其生效滿五年后,可隨時退出本公約。1.ThepresentConventionmaybedenouncedbyaContractingPartyatanytimeaftertheexpiryoffiveyearsfromthedateonwhichtheConventionenteredintoforceforthatParty..退出本公約應(yīng)向本組織交存相應(yīng)的文件。秘書長應(yīng)將所收到的退出文件及該文件的交存日期通知所有其他締約國。2.DenunciationshallbeeffectedbythedepositofaninstrumentwiththeOrganization.TheSecretaryGeneralshallinformallotherContractingPartiesofthereceiptoftheinstrumentofdenunciationandofthedateofitsdeposit..退出應(yīng)在交存文件一年后或該文件中規(guī)定的更長期限后生效。3.Adenunciationshalltakeeffectoneyear,orsuchlongerperiodasmaybespecifiedintheinstrument,afteritsdeposit.第VIII條保管和登記ArticleVIIIDepositandregistration.本公約與本規(guī)則應(yīng)交存本組織保管。秘書長應(yīng)將核證無誤的副本分送所有已簽署或已加入本公約的各國政府。1.ThepresentConventionandtheRegulationsshallbedepositedwiththeOrganization,andtheSecretaryGeneralshalltransmitcertifiedtruecopiesthereoftoallGovernmentsofStatesthathavesignedthisConventionoraccededtoit..當(dāng)本公約生效時,秘書長應(yīng)按照聯(lián)合國憲章第102條的規(guī)定,將該文本送聯(lián)合國秘書處登記并公布。2.WhenthepresentConventionentersintoforce,thetextshallbetransmittedbytheSecretary-GeneraltotheSecretariatoftheUnitedNationsforregistrationandpublicationinaccordancewithArticle102oftheCharteroftheUnitedNations.第LX條文字ArticleIXLanguages本公約連同本規(guī)則用英文和法文寫成單一文本,兩種文本具有同等效力。應(yīng)備有俄文和西班牙文的正式譯本,與簽署的原本一并存放。下列具名的經(jīng)各國政府正式授權(quán)的代表，特簽署本公約，以昭信守。1972年10月20日訂于倫敦。ThepresentConventionisestablished,togetherwiththeRegulations,inasinglecopyintheEnglishandFrenchlanguages,bothtextsbeingequallyauthentic.OfficialtranslationsintheRussianandSpanishlanguagesshallbepreparedanddepositedwiththesignedoriginal.INWITNESSWHEREOFtheundersignedbeingdulyauthorizedbytheirrespectiveGovernmentsforthatpurposehavesignedthepresentConvention.DONEATLONDONthistwentiethdayofOctoberonethousandninehundredandseventy-two.一九七二年國際海上避碰規(guī)則INTERNATIONALREGULATIONSFORPREVENTINGCOLLISIONSATSEA,1972第一章總則PARTAGENERAL第一條適用范圍Rule1Application.本規(guī)則各條適用于在公海和連接于公海而可供海船航行的一切水域中的一切船舶。（a）TheseRulesshallapplytoallvesselsuponthehighseasandinallwatersconnectedtherewithnavigablebyseagoingvessels..本規(guī)則各條不妨礙有關(guān)主管機(jī)關(guān)為連接公海而可供海船航行的（b）NothingintheseRulesshallinterferewiththeoperationofspecialrulesmadebyanappropriateauthorityforroadsteads,harbours,rivers,lakesorinlandwaterwaysconnectedwiththehighseasand任何港外錨地、港口、江河、湖泊或內(nèi)陸水道所制訂的特殊規(guī)定的實施。這種特殊規(guī)定,應(yīng)盡可能符合本規(guī)則各條。navigablebyseagoingvessels.SuchspecialrulesshallconformascloselyaspossibletotheseRules..本規(guī)則各條,不妨礙各國政府為軍艦及護(hù)航下的船舶所制訂的關(guān)于額外的隊形燈、信號燈或笛號,或者為結(jié)隊從事捕魚的漁船所制定的關(guān)于額外的隊形燈或信號燈的任何特殊規(guī)定的實施。這些額外的隊形燈、信號燈或笛號，應(yīng)盡可能不致被誤認(rèn)為本規(guī)則其他條文所規(guī)定的任何號燈或信號。（c）NothingintheseRulesshallinterferewiththeoperationofanyspecialrulesmadebytheGovernmentofanyStatewithrespecttoadditionalstationorsignallightsorwhistlesignalsforshipsofwarandvesselsproceedingunderconvoy,orwithrespecttoadditionalstationorsignallightsforfishingvesselsengagedinfishingasafleet.Theseadditionalstationorsignallightsorwhistlesignalsshall,sofaraspossible,besuchthattheycannotbemistakenforanylightorsignalauthorizedelsewhereundertheseRules..為實施本規(guī)則，本組織可以采納分道通航制。（d）TrafficseparationschemesmaybeadoptedbytheOrganizationforthepurposeoftheseRules..凡經(jīng)有關(guān)政府確定,某種特殊構(gòu)造或用途的船舶,如須完全遵守本規(guī)則任何一條關(guān)于號燈或號型的數(shù)量、位谿、能見距離或弧度以及聲號設(shè)備的配谿和特性的規(guī)定，就不能影響其特殊功能時，則應(yīng)遵守其政府在號燈或號型的數(shù)量、位谿、能見距離或弧度以及聲號設(shè)備的配谿和特性方面為之另行確定的盡可能符合本規(guī)則所要求的規(guī)定。（e）WhenevertheGovernmentconcernedshallhavedeterminedthatavesselofspecialconstructionorpurposecannotcomplyfullywiththeprovisionsofanyoftheseRuleswithrespecttothenumber,position,rangeorarcofvisibilityoflightsorshapes,aswellastothedispositionandcharacteristicsofsound-signallingappliances,withoutinterferingwiththespecialfunctionofthevessel,suchvesselshallcomplywithsuchotherprovisionsinregardtothenumber,position,rangeorarcofvisibilityoflightsorshapes,aswellastothedispositionandcharacteristicsofsound-signallingappliances,asherGovernmentshallhavedeterminedtobetheclosestpossiblecompliancewiththeseRulesinrespecttothatvessel.第二條責(zé)任Rule2Responsibility.本規(guī)則各條不免除任何船舶或其所有人、船長或船員由于對遵（a）NothingintheseRulesshallexonerateanyvessel,ortheowner,masterorcrewthereof,fromtheconsequencesofanyneglectto守本規(guī)則各條的任何疏忽，或者對海員通常做法或當(dāng)時特殊情況可能要求的任何戒備上的疏忽而產(chǎn)生的各種后果的責(zé)任。complywiththeseRulesoroftheneglectofanyprecautionwhichmayberequiredbytheordinarypracticeofseamen,orbythespecialcircumstancesofthecase..在解釋和遵行本規(guī)則各條規(guī)定時,應(yīng)適當(dāng)考慮到,為避免緊迫危險而須背離本規(guī)則各條規(guī)定的一切航行和碰撞的危險，以及任何特殊情況,其中包括當(dāng)事船舶條件限制在內(nèi)。（b）InconstruingandcomplyingwiththeseRulesdueregardshallbehadtoalldangersofnavigationandcollisionandtoanyspecialcircumstances,includingthelimitationsofthevesselsinvolved,whichmaymakeadeparturefromtheseRulesnecessarytoavoidimmediatedanger.第三條一般定義Rule3Generaldefinitions除其他條文另有解釋外,在本規(guī)則中：ForthepurposeoftheseRules,exceptwherethecontextotherwiserequires:.“船舶”一詞，指用作或者能夠用作水上運輸工具的各類水船筏，包括非排水船舶和水上飛機(jī)。（a）Theword"vessel"includeseverydescriptionofwatercraft,includingnon-displacementcraftandseaplanes,usedorcapableofbeingusedasameansoftransportationonwater..“機(jī)動船”一詞，指用機(jī)器推進(jìn)的任何船舶。（b）Theterm"power-drivenvessel"meansanyvesselpropelledbymachinery..“帆船”一詞，指任何駛帆的船舶,包括裝有推進(jìn)機(jī)器而不在使用者。（c）Theterm"sailingvessel"meansanyvesselundersailprovidedthatpropellingmachinery,iffitted,isnotbeingused..“從事捕魚的船舶”一詞，指使用網(wǎng)具、繩釣、拖網(wǎng)或其他使其操縱性能受到限制的漁具捕魚的任何船舶，但不包括使用曳繩釣或其他并不使其操縱性能受到限制的漁具捕魚的船舶。（d）Theterm"vesselengagedinfishing"meansanyvesselfishingwithnets,lines,trawlsorotherfishingapparatuswhichrestrictmanoeuvrability,butdoesnotincludeavesselfishingwithtrollinglinesorotherfishingapparatuswhichdonotrestrictmanoeuvrability..“水上飛機(jī)”一詞，包括為能在水面操縱而設(shè)計的任何航空器。（e）Theword"seaplane"includesanyaircraftdesignedtomanoeuvreonthewater..“失去控制的船舶”一詞，指由于某種異常的情況，不能按本規(guī)則各條的要求進(jìn)行操縱，因而不能給他船讓路的船舶。（f）Theterm"vesselnotundercommand"meansavesselwhichthroughsomeexceptionalcircumstanceisunabletomanoeuvreasrequiredbytheseRulesandisthereforeunabletokeepoutofthewayofanothervessel..“操縱能力受到限制的船舶”一詞，指由于工作性質(zhì)，使其按本規(guī)則要求進(jìn)行操縱的能力受到限制，因而不能給他船讓路的船舶。下列船舶應(yīng)作為操縱能力受至U限制的船舶：（8）Theterm"vesselrestrictedinherabilitytomanoeuvre"meansavesselwhichfromthenatureofherworkisrestrictedinherabilitytomanoeuvreasrequiredbytheseRulesandisthereforeunabletokeepoutofthewayofanothervessel.Thefollowingvesselsshallberegardedasvesselsrestrictedintheirabilitytomanoeuvre:(1)從事敷設(shè)、維修或起撈助航標(biāo)志、海底電纜或管道的船舶;(2)從事疏浚、測量或水下作業(yè)的船舶；(3)在航中從事補(bǔ)給或轉(zhuǎn)運人員、食品或貨物的船舶；(4)從事發(fā)放或回收航空器的船舶；(5)從事掃雷作業(yè)的船舶；(6)從事拖帶作業(yè)的船舶,而該項拖帶作業(yè)使該拖船及其被拖船偏離所駛航向的能力嚴(yán)重受到限制者。(i)avesselengagedinlaying,servicingorpickingupanavigationmark,submarinecableorpipeline;avesselengagedindredging,surveyingorunderwateroperations;(iii)avesselengagedinreplenishmentortransferringpersons,provisionsorcargowhileunderway;avesselengagedinthelaunchingorrecoveryofaircraft；avesselengagedinminesweepingoperations;avesselengagedinatowingoperationsuchasrendersherunabletodeviatefromhercourse..“限于吃水的船舶”一詞，指由于吃水與可用水深的關(guān)系，致使其偏離所駛航向的能力嚴(yán)重地受到限制的機(jī)動船。(h)Theterm"vesselconstrainedbyherdraught"meansapower-drivenvesselwhichbecauseofherdraughtinrelationtotheavailabledepthofwaterisseverelyrestrictedinherabilitytodeviatefromthecoursesheisfollowing..“在航”一詞，指船舶不在錨泊、系岸或擱淺。（i）Theword"underway"meansthatavesselisnotatanchor,ormadefasttotheshore,oraground..船舶的“長度”和“寬度”是指其總長度和最大寬度。（j）Thewords"length"and"breath"ofavesselmeanherlengthoverallandgreatestbreadth..只有當(dāng)一船能自他船以視覺看到時,才應(yīng)認(rèn)為兩船是在互見中。（k）Vesselsshallbedeemedtobeinsightofoneanotheronlywhenonecanbeobservedvisuallyfromtheother..“能見度不良”一詞，指任何由于霧、霾、下雪、暴風(fēng)雨、沙暴或任何其他類似原因而使能見度受到限制的情況。（l）Theterm"restrictedvisibilitymeansanyconditioninwhichvisibilityisrestrictedbyfog,mist,fallingsnow,heavyrainstorms,sandstormsoranyothersimilarcauses.第二章駕駛和航行規(guī)則PARTBSTEERINGANDSAILINGRULES第一節(jié)船舶在任何能見度情況下的行動規(guī)則SECTIONI-CONDUCTOFVESSELSINANYCONDITIONOFVISIBILITY第四條適用范圍Rule4Application本節(jié)各條適用于任何能見度的情況。RulesinthisSectionapplyinanyconditionofvisibility.第五條了望Rule5Look-out每一船舶應(yīng)經(jīng)常用視覺、聽覺以及適合當(dāng)時環(huán)境和情況下一切有效的手段保持正規(guī)的了望，以便對局面和碰撞危險作出充分的估計。Everyvesselshallatalltimesmaintainaproperlook-outbysightandhearingaswellasbyallavailablemeansappropriateintheprevailingcircumstancesandconditionssoastomakeafullappraisalofthesituationandoftheriskofcollision.第六條安全航速Rule6Safespeed每一船舶在任何時候應(yīng)用安全航速行駛，以便能采取適當(dāng)而有效的避碰行動，并能在適合當(dāng)時環(huán)境和情況的距離以內(nèi)把船停住。在決定安全航速時，考慮的因素中應(yīng)包括下列各點:Everyvesselshallatalltimesproceedatasafespeedsothatshecantakeproperandeffectiveactiontoavoidcollisionandbestoppedwithinadistanceappropriatetotheprevailingcircumstancesandconditions.Indeterminingasafespeedthefollowingfactorsshallbeamongthosetakenintoaccount:.對所有船舶：（a）Byallvessels:（1）能見度情況；（i）thestateofvisibility;（2）通航密度，包括漁船或者任何其他船舶的密集程度；（ii）thetrafficdensityincludingconcentrationsoffishingvesselsoranyothervessels;（3）船舶的操縱性能，特別是在當(dāng)時情況下的沖程和旋回性能；（iii）themanoeuvrabilityofthevesselwithspecialreferencetostoppingdistanceandturningabilityintheprevailingconditions;（4）夜間出現(xiàn)的背景亮光,諸如來自岸上的燈光或本船燈光的反向散射；（iv）atnightthepresenceofbackgroundlightsuchasfromshorelightsorfrombackscatterofherownlights；(5)風(fēng)、浪和流的狀況以及靠近航海危險物的情況；(v)thestateofwind,seaandcurrent,andtheproximityofnavigationalhazards;(6)吃水與可用水深的關(guān)系。(vi)thedraughtinrelationtotheavailabledepthofwater.2.對備有可使用的雷達(dá)的船舶，還須考慮：(b)Additionally,byvesselswithoperationalradar:(1)雷達(dá)設(shè)備的特性、效率和局限性；(i)thecharacteristics,efficiencyandlimitationsoftheradarequipment;(2)所選用的雷達(dá)距離標(biāo)尺帶來的任何限制；(ii)anyconstraintsimposedbytheradarrangescaleinuse;(3)海況、天氣和其他干擾源對雷達(dá)探測的影響；(iii)theeffectonradardetectionoftheseastate,weatherandothersourcesofinterference;(4)在適當(dāng)距離內(nèi)，雷達(dá)對小船、浮冰和其他漂浮物胃探測不到的可能性；(iv)thepossibilitythatsmallvessels,iceandotherfloatingobjectsmaynotbedetectedbyradaratanadequaterange；(5)雷達(dá)探測到的船舶數(shù)目、位谿和動態(tài)；(v)thenumber,locationandmovementofvesselsdetectedbyradar；(6)當(dāng)用雷達(dá)測定附近船舶或其他物體的距離時,可能對能見度(vi)themoreexactassessmentofthevisibilitythatmaybepossiblewhenradarisusedtodeterminetherangeofvesselsorotherobjects作出更確切的估計。inthevicinity.第七條碰撞危險Rule7Riskofcollision.每一船舶應(yīng)用適合當(dāng)時環(huán)境和情況的一切有效手段斷定是否存在碰境危險,如有任何懷疑，則應(yīng)認(rèn)為存在這種危險。（a）Everyvesselshalluseallavailablemeansappropriatetotheprevailingcircumstancesandconditionstodetermineifriskofcollisionexists.Ifthereisanydoubtsuchriskshallbedeemedtoexist..如裝有雷達(dá)設(shè)備并可使用的話,則應(yīng)正確予以使用,包括遠(yuǎn)距離掃瞄，以便獲得碰撞危險的早期警報,并對探測到的物標(biāo)進(jìn)行雷達(dá)標(biāo)繪或與其相當(dāng)?shù)南到y(tǒng)觀察。（b）Properuseshallbemadeofradarequipmentiffittedandoperational,includinglong-rangescanningtoobtainearlywarningofriskofcollisionandradarplottingorequivalentsystematicobservationofdetectedobjects..不應(yīng)根據(jù)不充分的資料,特別是不充分的雷達(dá)觀測資料作出推斷。（c）Assumptionsshallnotbemadeonthebasisofscantyinformation,especiallyscantyradarinformation..在斷定是否存在碰撞危險時，考慮的因素中應(yīng)包括下列各點：（d）Indeterminingifriskofcollisionexiststhefollowingconsiderationsshallbeamongthosetakenintoaccount：（1）如果來船的羅經(jīng)方位沒有明顯的變化,則應(yīng)認(rèn)為存在這種危險；（i）suchriskshallbedeemedtoexistifthecompassbearingofanapproachingvesseldoesnotappreciablychange,(2)即使有明顯的方位變化,有時也可能存在這種危險,特別是在駛近一艘很大的船舶或拖帶船組時，或是在近距離駛近他船時。(ii)suchrisksmaysometimesexistevenwhenanappreciablebearingchangeisevident,particularlywhenapproachingaverylargevesseloratoworwhenapproachingavesselatcloserange.第八條避免碰撞的行動Rule8Actiontoavoidcollision.為避免砬撞所采取的任何行動，如當(dāng)時環(huán)境許可，應(yīng)是積極地，（a）Anyactiontakentoavoidcollisionshall,ifthecircumstancesofthecaseadmit,bepositive,madeinampletimeandwithdueregard并應(yīng)及早地進(jìn)行和注意運用良好的船藝。totheobservanceofgoodseamanship..為避免碰撞而作的航向和（或）航速的任何變動,如當(dāng)時環(huán)境許可,應(yīng)大得足以使他船用視覺或雷達(dá)觀察時容易察覺到;應(yīng)避免對航向和（或）航速作一連串的小變動。（b）Anyalterationofcourseand/orspeedtoavoidcollisionshall,ifthecircumstancesofthecaseadmit,belargeenoughtobereadilyapparenttoanothervesselobservingvisuallyorbyradar;asuccessionofsmallalterationsofcourseand/orspeedshouldbeavoided..如有足夠的水域,則單用轉(zhuǎn)向可能是避免緊迫局面的最有效行動，倘若這種行動是及時的，大幅度的并且不致造成另一緊迫局面。（c）lfthereissufficientsearoom,alterationofcoursealonemaybethemosteffectiveactiontoavoidaclose-quarterssituationprovidedthatismadeingoodtime,issubstantialanddoesnotresultinanotherclosequarterssituation..為避免與船碰撞而采取的行動,應(yīng)能導(dǎo)致在安全的距離駛過。應(yīng)細(xì)心查核避讓行動的有效性，直到最后駛過讓清他船為止。（d）Actiontakentoavoidcollisionwithanothervesselshallbesuchastoresultinpassingatasafedistance.Theeffectivenessoftheactionshallbecarefullycheckeduntiltheothervesselisfinallypastandclear..如須避免碰撞或須留有更多時間來估計局面,船舶應(yīng)當(dāng)減速或者停止或倒轉(zhuǎn)推進(jìn)器把船停住。（e）Ifnecessarytoavoidcollisionorallowmoretimetoassessthesituation,avesselshallslackenherspeedortakeallwayoffbystoppingorreversinghermeansofpropulsion.第九條狹水道Rule9Narrowchannels.船舶沿狹水道或航道行駛時,只要安全可行,應(yīng)盡量靠近本船右舷的該水道或航道的夕卜緣行駛。（a）Avesselproceedingalongthecourseofanarrowchannelorfairwayshallkeepasneartotheouterlimitofthechannelorfairwaywhichliesonherstarboardsideasissafeandpracticable..帆船或者長度小于20米的船舶,不應(yīng)妨礙只能在狹水道或航道以內(nèi)安全航行的船舶通行。（b）Avesseloflessthan20metresinlengthorasailingvesselshallnotimpedethepassageofavesselwhichcansafelynavigateonlywithinanarrowchannelorfairway..從事捕魚的船舶，不應(yīng)妨礙任何其他在狹水道或航道以內(nèi)航行（c）Avesselengagedinfishingshallnotimpedethepassageofanyothervesselnavigatingwithinanarrowchannelorfairway.的船舶通行。.船舶不應(yīng)穿越狹水道或航道,如果這種穿越會妨礙只能在這種水道或航道以內(nèi)安全航行的船舶通行。后者若對穿越船的意圖有懷疑時,可以使用第三十四條第4款所規(guī)定的聲號。(d)Avesselshallnotcrossanarrowchannelorfairwayifsuchcrossingimpedesthepassageofavesselwhichcansafelynavigateonlywithinsuchchannelorfairway.ThelattervesselmayusethesoundsignalprescribedinRule34(d)ifindoubtastotheintentionofthecrossingvessel..(1)在狹水道或航道內(nèi)，如只有在被追越船必須采取行動以允許安全通過才能追越時,則企圖追越的船,應(yīng)鳴放第三十四條第3款⑴項所規(guī)定的相應(yīng)聲號，以表示本船的意圖。被迫越船如果同意，應(yīng)嗚放第三十四條3款(2)項所規(guī)定的相應(yīng)聲號,并采取使之能安全通過的措施。如有懷疑,則可以鳴放第三十四條第4款所規(guī)定的聲號。(e)(i)Inanarrowchannelorfairwaywhenovertakingcantakeplaceonlyifthevesseltobeovertakenhastotakeactiontopermitsafepassing,thevesselintendingtoovertakeshallindicateherintentionbysoundingtheappropriatesignalprescribedinRule34(c)(i).Thevesseltobeovertakenshall,ifinagreement,soundtheappropriatesignalprescribedinRule34(c)(ii)andtakestepstopermitsafepassing.IfindoubtshemaysoundthesignalsprescribedinRule34(d).(2)本條并不解除追越船根據(jù)第十三條所負(fù)的義務(wù)。(ii)ThisRuledoesnotrelievetheovertakingvesselofherobligationunderRule13.船舶在駛近可能被居間障礙物遮蔽他船的狹水道或航道的彎頭或地段時,應(yīng)特別機(jī)警和謹(jǐn)慎地駕駛，并應(yīng)鳴放第三十四條5款所規(guī)定的相應(yīng)聲號。(f)AvesselnearingabendoranareaofanarrowchannelorfairwaywhereothervesselsmaybeobscuredbyaninterveningobstructionshallnavigatewithparticularalertnessandcautionandshallsoundtheappropriatesignalprescribedinRule34（e）..任何船舶，如當(dāng)時環(huán)境許可,都應(yīng)避免在狹水道內(nèi)錨泊。（g）Anyvesselshall,ifthecircumstancesofthecaseadmit,avoidanchoringinanarrowchannel第十條分道通航制Rule10Trafficseparationschemes.本條適用于本組織所采納的各分道通航制。（a）ThisRuleappliestotrafficseparationschemesadoptedbytheOrganization..使用分道通航制區(qū)域的船舶應(yīng)：（b）Avesselusingatrafficseparationschemeshall:（1）在相應(yīng)的通航分道內(nèi)順著該分道的船舶總流向行駛；（i）proceedintheappropriatetrafficlaneinthegeneraldirectionoftrafficflowforthatlane；（2）盡可能讓開通航分隔線或分隔帶；（ii）sofaraspracticablekeepclearofatrafficseparationlineorseparationzone；（3）通常在通航分道的端部駛進(jìn)或駛出，但從分道的一側(cè)駛進(jìn)或駛出時應(yīng)與分道的船舶總流向形成盡可能小的角度。（iii）normallyjoinorleaveatrafficlaneattheterminationofthelane,butwhenjoiningorleavingfromthesideshalldosoatassmallanangletothegeneraldirectionoftrafficflowaspracticable..船舶應(yīng)盡可能避免穿越通航分道,但如不得不穿越時,應(yīng)盡可能與分道的船舶總流向成直角穿越。c）Avesselshallsofaraspracticableavoidcrossingtrafficlanes,butifobligedtodososhallcrossasnearlyaspracticableatrightanglestothegeneraldirectionoftrafficflow..凡可安全使用鄰近分道通航制區(qū)域中相應(yīng)通航分道的過境航行,通常不應(yīng)使用沿岸通航帶。（d）Inshoretrafficzonesshallnotnormallybeusedbythroughtrafficwhichcansafelyusetheappropriatetrafficlanewithintheadjacenttrafficseparationscheme..除穿越船外,船舶通常不應(yīng)進(jìn)入分隔帶或穿越分隔線，除非：（e）Avessel,otherthanacrossingvessel,shallnotnormallyenteraseparationzoneorcrossaseparationlineexcept:（1）緊急情況下避免緊迫危險；（i）incasesofemergencytoavoidimmediatedanger;（2）在分隔帶內(nèi)從事捕魚。（ii）toengageinfishingwithinaseparationzone..船舶在分道通航制區(qū)域端部附近行駛時,應(yīng)特別謹(jǐn)慎。（f）Avesselnavigatinginareasneartheterminationsoftrafficseparationschemesshalldosowithparticularcaution..船舶應(yīng)盡可能避免在分道通航制區(qū)域內(nèi)或其端部附近錨泊。（g）Avesselshallsofaraspracticableavoidanchoringinatrafficseparationschemeorinareasnearitsterminations..不使用分道通航制區(qū)域的船舶,應(yīng)盡可能遠(yuǎn)離該區(qū)。（h）Avesselnotusingatrafficseparationschemeshallavoiditbyaswideamarginasispracticable..從事捕魚的船舶，不應(yīng)妨礙按通航分道行駛的任何船舶的通行。（i）Avesselengagedinfishingshallnotimpedethepassageofanyvesselfollowingatrafficlane..帆船或長度小于20米的船舶,不應(yīng)妨礙按通航分道行駛的機(jī)動船的安全通行。（j）Avesseloflessthan20metresinlengthorasailingvesselshallnotimpedethesafepassageofapower-drivenvesselfollowingatrafficlane.第二節(jié)船舶在互見中的行動規(guī)則SECTIONII-CONDUCTOFVESSELSINSIGHTOFONEANOTHER第H-一條適用范圍Rule11Application本節(jié)各條適用于互見中的船舶。RulesinthisSectionapplytovesselsinsightofoneanother.第十二條帆船Rule12Sailingvessels.兩艘帆船相互駛近致有構(gòu)成碰撞危險時,其中一船應(yīng)按下列規(guī)定給他船讓路：（@）Whentwosailingvesselsareapproachingoneanother,soastoinvolveriskofcollision,oneofthemshallkeepoutofthewayoftheotherasfollows：（1）兩船在不同舷受風(fēng)時,左舷受風(fēng)的船應(yīng)給他船讓路；（i）wheneachhasthewindonadifferentside,thevesselwhichhasthewindontheportsideshallkeepoutofthewayoftheother；（2）兩船在同舷受風(fēng)時，上風(fēng)船應(yīng)給下風(fēng)船讓路；（ii）whenbothhavethewindonthesameside,thevesselwhichistowindwardshallkeepoutofthewayofthevesselwhichistoleeward；（3）如左舷受風(fēng)的船看到在上風(fēng)的船而不能斷定究竟該船是左舷受風(fēng)還是右舷受風(fēng)，則應(yīng)給該船讓路。（iii）ifavesselwiththewindontheportsideseesavesseltowindwardandcannotdeterminewithcertaintywhethertheothervesselhasthewindontheportoronthestarboardside,sheshallkeepoutofthewayoftheother.2.就本條規(guī)定而言,船舶的受風(fēng)舷側(cè)應(yīng)認(rèn)為是主帆被吹向的一舷的對面舷側(cè)；對于帆船，由應(yīng)認(rèn)為是最大縱帆被吹向的一舷的對面舷側(cè)。（b）ForthepurposesofthisRulethewindwardsideshallbedeemedtobethesideoppositetothatonwhichthemainsailiscarriedor,inthecaseofasquare-riggedvessel,thesideoppositetothatonwhichthelargestfore-and-aftsailiscarried.第十三條追越Rule13Overtaking.不論本節(jié)各條規(guī)定如何，任何船舶在追越任何他船