有機(jī)化學(xué)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯常用前后綴

有機(jī)化學(xué)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯常用前后綴-ester酯-ether醚a(bǔ)cetal醛縮醇ethoxy-乙氧基acetal-乙酰ethyl乙基acid酸fluoro-氟代-al醛form仿alcohol醇-glycol二醇-aldehyde醛hemi-半alkali-堿hendeca-十一allyl烯丙基[propenyl(丙烯基)]hepta-七alkoxy-烷氧基heptadeca-十七-amide酰胺hexa-六amino-氨基的hexadeca-十六-amidine脒-hydrin醇-amine胺hydro-氫或水-ane烷hydroxyl羥基anhydride酐hypo-初級(jí)的，次anilino-苯胺基hyper-高級(jí)的，高aquo-含水的-ase酶-ic酸的，高價(jià)金屬-ate含氧酸的鹽、酯-ide無氧酸的鹽，酰替胺，酐-atriyne三炔-il偶酰azo-偶氮-imine亞胺benzene苯iodine碘bi-在鹽類前表示酸式鹽iodo-碘代bis-雙iso-異，等，同-borane硼烷-ite亞酸鹽bromo-溴keto-酮butyl丁基ketone酮-carbinol甲醇-lactone內(nèi)酯carbonyl羰基mega-106-carboxylicacid羧酸meta-間，偏centi-10-2methoxy-甲氧基chloro-氯代methyl甲基cis-順式micro-10-6condensed縮合的、冷凝的milli-10-3cyclo-環(huán)mono-(mon-)一，單deca-十deci10-1nano-10-9-dine啶nitro-硝基dodeca-十二nitroso-亞硝基-ene烯nona-九epi-表nonadeca-十九epoxy-環(huán)氧1octa-八-yl基octadeca-十八-ylene撐(二價(jià)基，價(jià)在不同樣樣原子上)-oic酸的-yne炔-ol醇o(jì)rganiccompounds有機(jī)化合物-one酮ortho-鄰，正，原compoundsofcarbon碳化合物-ous亞酸的，廉價(jià)金屬oxa-氧雜hydrocarbonsandtheirderivatives-oxide氧化合物碳?xì)浠衔锛捌溲苌?oxime肟oxo-酮organicchemistry有機(jī)化學(xué)oxy-氧化-oyl酰structureofmolecule分子結(jié)構(gòu)para-對(duì)位，仲penta-五chemicalbond化學(xué)鍵pentadeca-十五per-高，過covalentbond共價(jià)鍵petro-石油phenol苯酚hybridorbital雜化軌道phenyl苯基pico-10-12bondlength鍵長(zhǎng)poly-聚，多bondangle鍵角quadri-四bondenergy鍵能quinque-五polarity極性semi-半dissociationenergy離解能septi-七sesqui一個(gè)半constitution結(jié)構(gòu)sulfa-磺胺contiguration構(gòu)型sym-對(duì)稱syn-順式，同，共conformation構(gòu)象stereochemistry立體化學(xué)ter-三tetra-四tetrahedral正周圍體tetradeca-十四tetrakis-四個(gè)cis-順thio-硫代trans-反trans-反式，超，跨isomerism同分異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象thio-硫代tri-三isomer異構(gòu)體trideca-十三stereoisomer立體異構(gòu)tris-三個(gè)undeca-十一constitutionalisomer結(jié)構(gòu)異構(gòu)uni-單，一unsym-不對(duì)稱的，偏位structuralformula結(jié)構(gòu)式2octet八隅體nucleophilicreagent親核試劑perspective透視式nucleophilicreaction親核反響eclipsedconformation重疊式構(gòu)象英文名漢文名staggeredconformation交織式構(gòu)象Angularmethylgroup角甲基newmanprojection紐曼投影式Alkylidenegroup亞烷基functionalgroup官能團(tuán)Allylgroup烯丙基chaincompoud鏈狀化合物Allylic烯丙型[的]carbocycliccompound碳環(huán)化合物Phenylgroup苯基heterocycliccompound雜環(huán)化合物Arylgroup芳基dipole-dipoleinteractions偶極-Benzylgroup芐基偶極相互作用Benzylic芐型[的]vanderWaalsforces范德華力Activatinggroup活化基團(tuán)hydrogenbonding氫鍵Chromophore生色團(tuán)dipolemoment偶極矩Auxochrome助色團(tuán)electronegativity電負(fù)性Magneticallyanisotropicgroup磁physicalproperty物理性質(zhì)各向異性基團(tuán)Smallyring小環(huán)meltingpoint熔點(diǎn)Commonring一般環(huán)boilingpoint沸點(diǎn)Mediumrimg中環(huán)Largering大環(huán)reactionmechanism反響機(jī)理Bridged-ringsystem橋環(huán)系統(tǒng)homolysis均裂Spirocompound螺環(huán)化合物freeredical自由基heterolysisHelicalmolecule螺旋型分子異裂ionictype離子型Octahedralcompound八面體化合物electrophilicreagent親電試劑Conjugation共軛electrophilicreaction親電反響Conjugated-system共軛系統(tǒng)3Acylcation酰[基]正離子Diastereotopic非對(duì)映異位[的]Benzyliccation芐[基]正離子Configuration構(gòu)型Arenirmion芳[基]正離子Absoluteconfiguration絕對(duì)構(gòu)型Ketylradical羰自由基Chirality手性Chiral手性[的]Radicalion自由基離子Chiralcenter手性中心Radicalcation自由基正離子Chiralmolecule手性分子Radicalanion自由基負(fù)離子Achiral非手性[的]Isomerism異構(gòu)[現(xiàn)象]Fischerprojection費(fèi)歇爾投影式Aciform酸式Neomanprojection紐曼投影式Fluxionalstructure循變結(jié)構(gòu)D-LsystemofnomenclatureD-L命Stereochemistry立體化學(xué)名系統(tǒng)R-SsyytemofnomenclatureR-S命Opticalactivity光學(xué)活性名系統(tǒng)Cahn-Ingold-Prelonsequence次序Dextroisomer右旋異構(gòu)體規(guī)則Symmetryfactor對(duì)稱因素Laevoisomer左旋異構(gòu)體Planeofsymmetry對(duì)稱面Tetrahedralconfiguration周圍體Mirrorsymmetry鏡面對(duì)稱構(gòu)型Stereoisomerism立體異構(gòu)[現(xiàn)象]Enantiomer對(duì)映[異構(gòu)]體Asymmetricatom不對(duì)稱原子Diastereomer非對(duì)映[異構(gòu)]體Asymmetriccarbon不對(duì)稱碳Epimer差向異構(gòu)體Pseudoasymmetriccarbon假不對(duì)稱碳Anomer端基[差向]異構(gòu)體Phantomatom虛假原子Erythroconfiguration赤型構(gòu)型Homotopic等位[的]Erythroisomer赤型異構(gòu)體Heterotopic異位[的]Threoconfiguration蘇型構(gòu)型Enantiotopic對(duì)映異位[的]4Threoisomer蘇型異構(gòu)體Synperiplanarconformation順疊構(gòu)象Trigonalcarbon三角型碳Synclinalconformation反錯(cuò)構(gòu)象Cis-transisomerism順反異構(gòu)Synclinalconformation順錯(cuò)構(gòu)象EisomerE異構(gòu)體Eclipsedconformation重疊構(gòu)象ZisomerZ異構(gòu)體Endoisomer內(nèi)型異構(gòu)體Gaucheconformation,skewcon-formation鄰位交織構(gòu)象Exoisomer外型異構(gòu)體Staggeredconformation對(duì)位交織構(gòu)Prochirality前手性象Stericeffect空間效應(yīng)Pro-Rgroup前R基團(tuán)Sterichindrance位阻Pro-Sproup前S基團(tuán)Atropismer阻轉(zhuǎn)異構(gòu)體RefaceRe面SifaceSi面Puckeredring折疊環(huán)Racemicmixture外消旋混淆物Conformationalinversion構(gòu)象反轉(zhuǎn)Racemiccompound外消旋化合物Chairconformation椅型構(gòu)象Racemicsolidsolution外消旋固體溶液Boatconformation船型構(gòu)象Mesocompound內(nèi)消旋化合物QuasirecemateTwistconformation扭型構(gòu)象準(zhǔn)外消旋體Skewboatconformation扭船型構(gòu)象Conformation構(gòu)象Half-chairconformation半椅型構(gòu)Conformational構(gòu)象解析象Pseudorotation假旋轉(zhuǎn)Torsionangle扭轉(zhuǎn)角Envelopeconformation信封[型]構(gòu)Rotamer旋轉(zhuǎn)異構(gòu)體象AnticonformationAxialbond直[立]鍵反式構(gòu)象Equatorialbond平[伏]鍵Bisectingconformation均分構(gòu)象Cisoidconformation順向構(gòu)象Antiperiplanarconformation反疊構(gòu)象Transoidconformation反向構(gòu)象5Retentionofconfiguration構(gòu)型保Vinylog插烯物持Mesomericeffect中介效應(yīng)Regioselectivity地區(qū)選擇性Resonance共振Regiospecificity地區(qū)專一性Resonanceeffect共振效應(yīng)Stereocelectivity立體選擇性Hyperconjugation超共軛Stereospecificty立體專一性Isovalenthyperconjugation等價(jià)超共軛Conformer構(gòu)象異構(gòu)體No-bondresonance無鍵共振Conformationaleffect構(gòu)象效應(yīng)Aromaticity芬芳性Cram’srube克拉姆規(guī)則Aromaticsexter芬芳六隅Prelog’rule普雷洛格規(guī)則Huckel’rule休克爾規(guī)則Stereochemicalorientation立體Paramagneticringcurrent順磁環(huán)[化學(xué)]取向電流Conformationaltransmission構(gòu)象Diamagneticringcruuent抗磁環(huán)電傳達(dá)流Homolog同系物Homoaromaticity同芬芳性Ipsoposition本位Antiaromaticity反芬芳性O(shè)rthoposition鄰位Alternanthydrocarbon交替烴Metaposition間位Non-alternanthydrocarbon非交替Paraposition對(duì)位烷Pericyclicreaction周環(huán)反響Amphiposition遠(yuǎn)位Electrocyclicrearrangement電環(huán)Periposition近位[化]重排Conrotatory順旋Trigonalhybridization三角雜化Disroatatory對(duì)旋Molecularorbiralmethod分子軌道Cycloaddition環(huán)加成法Valencebondmethod價(jià)鍵法Symmetryforbidden-reaction對(duì)稱禁阻反響Delocalezedbond離域鍵Synfacialreaction同面反響Crossconjugation交織共軛Antarafacialreaction異面反響6Mobiussystem默比烏斯系統(tǒng)Acid-basecatalyzedreaction酸堿催化反響Leoisstructure路易斯結(jié)構(gòu)Conjugatebase共軛酸Coordinate-covalentbond配位共價(jià)Conjugatebase共軛堿鍵Bananabond香蕉鍵Thermodynamicacidity熱力學(xué)酸度PaulingelectronegativityscaleKineticacidity動(dòng)力學(xué)酸度鮑林電負(fù)性標(biāo)度Polarizability可極化性Electrondonof-acceptorcomplex,EDAcomplex電子給[體]受Inductiveeffect引誘效應(yīng)體絡(luò)合物Host主體Fieldeffect場(chǎng)效應(yīng)Guest客體Primaryisotopeeffect一級(jí)同位素Electricaleffect電場(chǎng)效應(yīng)效應(yīng)Secondaryisotopeeffect二級(jí)同位tautomerism互變異構(gòu)數(shù)效應(yīng)Inverseisotopeeffect逆同位素效Tautomerization互變異構(gòu)化應(yīng)Kineticcontrol動(dòng)力學(xué)控制Keto-enoltautomerism酮-烯醇互變異構(gòu)Thermodynamiccontrol熱力學(xué)控制Phenol-ketotautomerism酚-酮互變異構(gòu)Substrate底物Imine-enamineatutomerism亞胺-烯Intermediate中間體胺互變異構(gòu)Ring-chaintautomerism環(huán)-鏈互變Reactiveintermediate爽朗中間體異構(gòu)Valencetautomerism價(jià)互變異構(gòu)Microscopicreversibility微觀可逆性Ambident兩可[的]Hammondpostulate哈蒙德假說Solventeffect溶劑效應(yīng)Linearfreeenergy線性自由能Acid-basecatalyxedreaction酸性Non-bondedinteraction非鍵相互作溶劑用Basicsolvent堿性溶劑Torsionaleffect扭轉(zhuǎn)效應(yīng)Dielectricconstant介電常數(shù)Pitzerstrain皮策張力Solvatedelectron溶劑化電子Restrictedrotation阻截旋轉(zhuǎn)7Eclipsingeffect重疊效應(yīng)Eclipsingstrain重疊張力Small-anglestrain小角張力Largeanglestrain大角張力Transannularinteraction跨環(huán)相互作用Transannularstrain跨環(huán)張力Istrain內(nèi)張力Fstrain前張力Bstrain后張力Anomericeffect端基異構(gòu)效應(yīng)Waldeninversion瓦爾登反轉(zhuǎn)Racemization外消旋化Isoinversion等反轉(zhuǎn)Isoracemization等消旋Homochiral純手性[的]Mechanism機(jī)理Unimolecularnucleophilic單分子親核取代Bimolecularnucleophilicsub-stitution雙分子親核取代Bimolecularnucleophilicsubsti-tution(withallylicrearrange-ment)雙分子親核取代（含烯丙型重排）Internalnucleophilicsubstiru-tion分子內(nèi)親核取代Aromaticnucleophilicsubstitu-tion芬芳親核取代

Unimolecularelectrophilicsub-stitution單分子親電取代Bimolecularelectrophilicsubsti-tution雙分子親電取代Nucleophile-assistedunimolecu-larelectrophilicsubstitution親核體輔助單分子親電取代Unimolecularelimination單分子消除Bimolecularelimination雙分子消除Unimoleculareliminationthroughtheconjugatebase單分子共軛堿消除Bimoleculareliminationthroughtheconjugatebase雙分子共軛堿消除Bimoleculareliminationwithfor-mationofacarbonylgroup雙分子羰基形成除去Unimolecularacid-catalyzedacyl-oxygencleavage單分子酸催化酰氧斷裂Bimolecularbase-catalyzedacyl-oxygencleavage雙分子堿催化酰氧斷裂Unimolecularacid-catalyzedalkyl-oxygencleavage單分子酸催化烷氧斷裂Bimllecularbase-catalyzedal-kyl-oxygencleavage雙分子堿催化烷氧斷裂π-allylcomplexmechanismπ烯丙型絡(luò)合機(jī)理Borderlinemechanism邊理機(jī)理Homolysis均裂Heterolysis異裂Heterolyticmichanism異裂機(jī)理Counrer[gegen]ion反荷離子8Ionpair離子對(duì)Ortho-paradirectinggroup鄰對(duì)位Carbocation碳正離子定位基Metadirectinggroup間位定位基Nonclassicalcarbocation非經(jīng)典碳正離子Orthoeffect鄰位效應(yīng)Carbanion碳負(fù)離子Partialratefactor分速度系數(shù)Maskedcarbanion掩飾碳負(fù)離子Nucleophilicreaction親核反響Carbenoid卡賓體Carbene卡賓Internalreturn內(nèi)返Nitrene氮賓Carbine碳炔Nucleophilicity親核體Electrophilicaddition親電加成Nucleophilicity親核性Electrophile親電體Diaxialadditionα-effectα-效應(yīng)雙直鍵加成Backsideattack反面攻擊Markovnikov’srube馬爾科夫尼科規(guī)則Inversion反轉(zhuǎn)Anti-Markovnikovaddition反馬氏Umbrellaeffect傘效應(yīng)加成Michaeladdition邁克爾加成Push-pulleffect推拉效應(yīng)Substitution取代Leavinggroup走開基團(tuán)Electrophilicsubstitution親電取Electrofuge離電體代Addition-eliminationmechanism加Nucleofuge離核體成除去機(jī)理ElectrophilicaromaticPhase-transfercatalysis相轉(zhuǎn)移催substitu-tion親電芬芳取代化NeighboringgroupparticipationElectrontransfer電子轉(zhuǎn)移鄰基基參加NeighboringproupElectron-donatinggroup給電子基assistance,anchimericassistance團(tuán)鄰助作用Electron-Withdrawinggroup吸電子Neighboringgroupeffect鄰基效應(yīng)基團(tuán)Deactivatinggroup鈍化基團(tuán)Apofacialreaction反面反響Orinentation取向Briddgeheaddisplacement橋頭取代9Arylaction芳正離子Carboxylation羧基化Benzyne苯炔Amination氨基化Zaitsevrule札依采夫規(guī)則Bisamination雙氨基化Anti-Zaitsevorientation反札依采Cinesubstitution移位取代夫定向Hofmann’srule霍夫曼規(guī)則Transamination氨基互換Bredtrule布雷特規(guī)則Hydroxylation羥基化Initiation惹起acyloxyation酰氧基化Anioniccleavage負(fù)離子裂解Decarboxylativenitration脫羧鹵Partialbondfixation鍵[的]部分化固定化Allylichalogenation烯丙型鹵化02．3有機(jī)化學(xué)反響Dehalogenation脫鹵Alkylation烷基化Nitration硝化C-alkylationC-烷基化Decarboxylativenitration脫羧硝化O-alkylationO-烷基化Nitrosation亞硝化N-alkylationN-烷基化Sulfonation磺化Chlorosulfonation氯磺?；疭ilylation硅烷[基]化ExhaustivemethylationDesulfonation脫磺酸基完滿甲基化Sulfenylation亞磺?；疭ecoalkylation斷裂烷基化Sulfonylation磺酰化Demethylation脫甲基化Chlorosulfenation氯亞磺酰化Ethylation乙基化Chlorocarbonylation氯羰基化Arylation芳基化Acylation?；疍iazotization重氮化Formylation甲?；疍iazotransfer重氮基轉(zhuǎn)移Carbalkoxylation烷氧羰基化Couplingreaction偶聯(lián)反響Carboamidation氨羰基化Diazoniumcoupling重氮偶聯(lián)10Cross-couplingreaction交織偶聯(lián)Endoaddition內(nèi)型加成反響1,4-addition1，4-加成Exoaddition外型加成Conjugateaddition共軛加成Diels-Alderreaction第爾斯-爾德反響Dimerization二聚RetroDiels-Alderreaction逆第爾斯-阿爾德反響Trimefization三聚Enesynthesis單烯合成Additivedimerization加成二聚Anioniccycloaddition負(fù)離子環(huán)加成sulfurization硫化Dipolaraddition偶極加成Selenylation硒化-elimination-除去Hydroboration硼氫化-elimination-除去Oxyamination羥氨基化-elimination-除去Insertion插入-elimination-除去carbonylation羧基化Dehydrohalogenation脫鹵化氫Hydroformylation加氫甲?；疍eamination脫氨基Hydroacylation加氫?；疨yrolyticelimination熱除去去Oxoprocess羰基合成Elimination-addition除去-加成Decarbonylation脫羰Decarboxylation脫羧Hydrocarboxylation氫羧基化Decarboxamidation脫酰胺Homologization同系化Decyanation脫氰基Cyanoethylation氰乙基化Alkylolysis,alkylcleavage烷基裂Decyanoethylation脫氰乙基解Acylolysis,acylcleavage酰基裂解Ringclsure環(huán)合Dienesynthesis雙烯合成Flashpyrolysis閃熱裂Dienophile親雙烯體Fragmentation碎裂11Chiletropicreaction螯鍵反響Autoxidation自氧化Chelation螯環(huán)化Allylichydroperoxylation烯丙型Esterification酯化氫過氧化Epoxidation環(huán)氧化Transesterification酯互換Oxonolysis臭氧解Saponification皂化Electrochemicaloxidation電化學(xué)Alcoholysis醇解氧化Ethanolysis乙醇解Oxidativedecarboxylation氧化脫羧Cyanomethylation氰甲基化Aromatization芳構(gòu)化Aminomethylation氨甲基化Catalytichydrogenation催化氫化Hydroxymethylation羥甲基化Heterogeneoushydrogenation多相氫化Hydroxyalkylation羥烷基化Homogeneoushydrogenation均相氫化Cholromethylation氯甲基化Catalyticdehydrogenation催化脫氫Haloalkylation鹵烷基化Transferhydrogenation轉(zhuǎn)移氫化Transacetalation縮醛互換Hydrogenolysis氫解Enolization烯醇化Dissolvingmetalreduction溶解金屬?gòu)?fù)原Haloformreaction鹵仿反響Singleelectrontransfer單電子轉(zhuǎn)移Condensation縮合Bimolecularreduction雙分子復(fù)原Aldolcondensation羥醛縮合Electrochemicalreduction電化學(xué)復(fù)原Crossaldolcondensation交織羥醛Reductivealkylation復(fù)原烷基化縮合Retrogradealdolcondensation逆Reductiveacylation復(fù)原?；u醛縮合Acyloincondensation偶姻縮合Reductivedimerization復(fù)原二聚Cyclization環(huán)化Deoxygenation脫氧Annulation,annelation增環(huán)反響Desulfurization脫硫Spiroannulation螺增環(huán)12Deselenization脫硒Transannularinsertion跨環(huán)插入Mitallation金屬化Transannularrearrangement跨環(huán)重排Lithiation鋰化Migration遷移Hydrometallation氫金屬化Prototropy質(zhì)子轉(zhuǎn)移Mercuration汞化Cationotropicrearrangement正離Oxymercuration羥汞化子轉(zhuǎn)移重排Anionotropy負(fù)離子轉(zhuǎn)移Aminomercuration氨汞化Anionotropicrearrangement負(fù)離子Abstraction強(qiáng)搶[反響]轉(zhuǎn)移重排Sigmatropicrearrangement-遷移重Internalabstraction內(nèi)強(qiáng)搶[反響]排Homosigmatropicrearrangement同Rearrangement重排遷移重排Electrophilicrearrangement親電Prototropicrearrangement質(zhì)了轉(zhuǎn)重排移重排Photosensitization光敏化Doublebondmigration雙鍵移位Forbiddentransition禁阻躍遷Allylicmigration烯丙型重排photooxidation光氧化Allylicmigration烯丙型遷移Photoisomerization光異構(gòu)化Ringcontraction環(huán)減小[反響]Ringexpansion,ringenlargementPhotochemicalrearrangement光化學(xué)重排擴(kuò)環(huán)[反響]2．4有機(jī)化合物類名-ketolrearrangement-酮醇重排Aliphaticcompound脂肪族化合物Pinacolrearrangement頻哪醇重排Hpdrocarbon碳?xì)浠衔颮etropinacolrearrangement逆頻哪醇重排Alkane烷Semipinacolrearrangement半頻哪Wax蠟醇重排Paraffinwax白臘Benzilicrearrangement二苯乙醇酸重排Alkene烯Acylrearrangement?；嘏臕lkyen炔Acetylide炔化物Migratoryaptitude遷移傾向Activehydrogencompounds爽朗氫化合物13Carbonacid碳?xì)渌酳uperacid超酸Diene雙烯Triene三烯Allene丙二烯Ccumulene累積多烯Enyne烯炔Diyne二炔Alkyl