北極光的知識(shí)

SectionAFinlandNorthernLightsTheNorthernLights,alsoknownas“AuroraBorealis（：W極光）”orthe“DawnoftheNorth”,neverfailtotakeyourbreathaway.Theauroraborealisisoneofthemostsublime（超群的）andmagnificentnaturalphenomenaonEarth.Beforescientistscracked（偵破）themysteryoftheauroras,menweredrawn（吸引）andfascinated（強(qiáng)烈地吸引住）bythesedancingandmagicallightsthatwereoftenfoundinmythology（神話）andlegends.InRomanMythology,itissaidthattheAuroraisthedeity。申）ofthedawn.InNorthAmerica,theInuits（愛(ài)斯基摩人）havemanylegendsthatexplainthemasspiritsofthedead.Theybelievedthatthelightsaretheessences（精華）ofdeer,salmon（鮭魚(yú)）,sealsandotheranimalsthattheyhunted.Aristotle（亞里斯多德）thoughtitwasglowingairgushing（噴出）fromcracksinthesky.Theappearanceoftheredaurorainmedieval（中世紀(jì)的）timeswasfearedasabadomen（前兆）orasignofGod'sanger.Theybelievedthemanifestation（顯現(xiàn)）oftheauroraindicatedfamineorwar.CharlesHall（查爾斯?霍爾）,a19th-centurypolarexplorer,exclaimed:"WhobutGodcanconceive（想出）suchinfinite（無(wú)窮的）scenesofglory?"Oddlyenough,theMaori（毛利人）thoughtthatthedisplayswerejustreflectionsofacampfire（營(yíng)火）ortorches.Regardlesswhetheryoubelievethescientificfactsorthelegendsbehinditsexistence,you’llstillbe吸住）ibyithesesupernaturaldisplayoflights,andtherearecountlessdestinationswhereyoucanseethemajesticphenomenon.Finland（芬蘭）,forexample,shouldbearepresentative.ManyvisitorstoFinlandcomewithhopesofseeingtheFinlandNorthernLights.ThebestplacetoseetheNorthernLightsinFinlandisinthenorthernLaplandregion（拉普蘭地區(qū)）,whichisalmostentirelylocatedwithintherealm（|S域）oftheArcticCircle（北極）.Duringthedarkwintermonthshere,whenthesunrarelypeaks（使達(dá)到最高峰）itsheadoverthehorizon,youcanexpecttoseetheFinlandNorthernLightswithregularity,andotherpeak（峰值）seasonsincludeFebruarythroughMarchandSeptemberthroughOctober.Thetimebetween6p.m.and1a.m.isthemostintenseperiodoftheday.Thehighestprobabilitywithinthistimespan時(shí)間間隔）toseetheFinlandNorthernLightsisbetween9p.m.and11:30p.m.,thoughtheyarecertainlynotrestrictedtothistimeframe.IfyouhaveneverseentheNorthernLightswherevertheycommonlyoccurintheworld,thenyouwillbeamazedthefirsttimewhenyoulayeyesCircle（北極TheNorthernLightsaresimilartoasunsetintheskyatnight,butappearoccasionallyinarc（（弧光）orspiralsC螺旋形物）usuallyfollowingtheearth'smagnetic（磁性的）field.Theyaremostoftenlightgreenincolorbutoftenhaveahintofpink.Swirling（渦旋形的）shadesofblue,green,andpinkaremostcommonwhenitcomestotheFinlandNorthernLights.Strongeruptionsalsohaveviolet（紫羅蘭色的）andwhitecolours.Rednorthernlightsarerare,butcansometimesbeobservedonlowerlatitudes（緯度）.TheFinlandAuroraBorealis,whilebestseeninLapland,canalsobewitnessedasfarsouthasthecapitalcityofHelsinki（赫爾辛基）fromtimetotime,thoughonaverage,thereareonlysometwentydaysoutoftheyearwhenviewingthemispossibleinmostsouthernpartsofthecountry.PartofthereasonwhyitcanbedifficulttoseetheNorthernLightsofFinlandinHelsinkiisbecauseofthefactthatitishardtoescapetodimlylitareas.TherelativelackofcitylightsisjustoneofthereasonswhytheLaplandregionseessome200nightlyoccurrenceseveryyear,andonemustalsoconsidertheregion’snorthernlocation.Thelowerreaches（區(qū)域）oftheArcticCircleareidealforviewingtheNorthernLightsacrosstheplanet,whichiswhyCanadaandAlaskaaregooddestinationsintheWesternHemisphere（半球）.ForthosewhoarewonderingwhatcausestheNorthernLightsinFinland,solarflares（耀斑）arelargelyresponsible.Theseflareseffectivelycausesolarwindsandsolarstorms,whichcreatelingering（游移的）atmosphericparticlesormatter.TheAuroraBorealisisjustcausedbythesecharged（帶電的）particles（粒子）ejected（噴出）fromthe

sun.Whentheseparticlesreachtheearth,theycollide（碰撞）withgasatomsintheearth'satmospherecausingthemtoenergise（釋放出能量）whichresultsinaspectacularmulti-colouredlightshow.Assuch因此）,scientistscanoftenaccuratelypredictwhenthebesttimesareforviewingtheNorthernLightsinFinlandbykeepinganeyeout￡?「（留心）solarflares.（757words）NewWordsauroraD:K:r。]n.曙光[C];極光[C];【羅神】（大寫(xiě)）奧羅拉（即曙光女神）sublime[sa'blazm]a.雄偉的；卓越的；壯麗的；超群的crack[kr踱k]v.敲破；破（案）；破解drawv.吸引（注意等）fascinatev.強(qiáng)烈地吸引住mythology[mi'ODladsi]n.神話deity['di:iti]n.神essence['esns]n.精精華salmon['s顯mon]n.鮭，大麻哈魚(yú)gush[gAf]v.涌出，噴出medieval[medi'i:vol]a.中世紀(jì)的，中古（時(shí)代）的源始的omen['oumon]n.前兆，預(yù)兆，兆頭manifestation[,m^nifes'teifon]n.顯現(xiàn)conceive[kon'si:v]v.想像；想出infinite['infinit]a.無(wú)窮的，廣大無(wú)邊的campfire['k?mp,faid]n.營(yíng)火，篝火captivate['k^ptiveit]v.吸??；迷惑住realm[relm]n.區(qū)域，圍peakvt.使達(dá)到最高峰n.最大量；巔值，峰值timespann.時(shí)間間隔arc[a：k]n.?。换」鈙piral['spairal]n.螺旋形物magnetic[m用g'netik]a.磁（性）的swirling[swa:l]v.（使）打旋；盤(pán)繞violet['vaialit]a.紫羅蘭色的latitude['l?titju:d]n.緯度reachn.區(qū)域，領(lǐng)域，圍hemisphere['hemisfia]n.半球flare[flEa]n.（太陽(yáng)的）耀斑，色球爆發(fā)lingering['liggarig]a.逗留不去的；游移的chargev.充（電）particle['pa：tikl]n.顆粒，微粒；粒子eject[i'd^ekt]v.噴出collide[ka'laid]v.(車(chē)等)碰撞(with)；(意志等)沖突，抵觸collide[ka'laid]energis^'end^aiz]=energize（美）vt.供給...能量，使精力充沛vi.釋放出能量UsefulExpressionstakeone’sbreathaway屏息凝神withregularity經(jīng)常地berestrictedto局限于layeyeson看到，看見(jiàn)ahintof一丁點(diǎn)兒collidewith（車(chē)等）碰撞；（意志等）沖突，抵觸assuch這樣；因此keepaneyeoutfor留心ProperNamesAuroraBorealis北極光theInuit因紐特人；愛(ài)斯基摩人Aristotle亞里斯多德CharlesHall查爾斯霍爾Maori毛利人；毛利語(yǔ)Finland芬蘭Laplandregion拉普蘭地區(qū)ArcticCircle北極圈（北緯66度33分以北區(qū)域）Helsinki赫爾辛基（芬蘭首都）Notes1.AuroraBorealis:北極光---"北端的光"由太陽(yáng)風(fēng)和地球磁場(chǎng)及上層大氣交互作用產(chǎn)生。與南極光（auroraaustralis）一起,統(tǒng)稱(chēng)為極光。auroraborealis這個(gè)詞是由一個(gè)法國(guó)的科學(xué)家PierreGassendi命名的。2.Aurora:古希臘曙光女神古希臘女神奧羅拉（也叫厄俄斯）是曙光女神，她在將光明帶往人間的時(shí)候，愛(ài)上了憂(yōu)郁的特洛伊王子梯托諾斯，并將王子之回了奧林匹斯山。月亮女神阿爾忒彌斯幫助她將王子藏了起來(lái)，并告訴他去宙斯的神殿祈求王子得到長(zhǎng)壽。奧羅拉向宙斯祈求了王子的長(zhǎng)壽，卻忘記了祈求他的永葆青春。于是王子迅速地老去，并被奧羅拉嫌棄，扔回了人間。但是奧羅拉為他生下了孩子，想把孩子留在奧林匹斯，可是宙斯不同意。趁奧羅拉不在，宙斯把孩子帶回了人間，奧羅拉悲痛欲絕，卻毫無(wú)辦法。因?yàn)榕竦谋瘋澜缡チ斯饷?。最后奧羅拉被宙斯勸說(shuō)，繼續(xù)為人間帶來(lái)光明。Borealis:是指北部地區(qū)Borealis與Australis相對(duì),Australis是指南部地區(qū)。起源:這個(gè)詞是由希臘語(yǔ)Boreas而來(lái),就是北風(fēng)的意思。在希臘語(yǔ)中，各個(gè)方向的的風(fēng)都有屬于自己的名字：Notus南風(fēng)；Zephyrus西風(fēng)；Euro東風(fēng)。Finland:芬蘭芬蘭位于歐洲北部，與瑞典、挪威、俄羅斯接壤，有千湖之國(guó)”之稱(chēng)。芬蘭最早的居民為拉普人，故芬蘭又稱(chēng)拉普蘭。Laplandregion：拉普蘭拉普蘭是芬蘭最大、同時(shí)也是最北端的省份。拉普蘭的旅游景點(diǎn)非常有特色，且野生動(dòng)物資源豐富，因此吸引了全球各地的人們前來(lái)觀光。拉普蘭有著芬蘭最富有盛名的國(guó)家公園，如圣誕村。此外，它還是觀測(cè)北極光的最佳地點(diǎn)之一。到此一游堪稱(chēng)是旅游的最高境界，終極追求。Helsinki:（芬蘭首都）赫爾辛基赫爾辛基不僅是芬蘭首都，同時(shí)也是這個(gè)國(guó)家的最大城市。SectionBAuroraBorealisTheauroraisawidespreadcurtain-likecolouredglowintheupperatmosphere.IntheArcticcircle,theauroraappearsasaring-shapedglow,likeahalo（暈）,overthenorthernpointofScandinavia,theSiberiancoast,Alaska,northernCanada,andtheglow,likeahalo（暈Thisglowiscausedbyhigh-energyelectronscollidingwithoxygenatomsandnitrogen（氮）molecules.Thebasicprocessisthesameasthatofaneonsign（廣告霓虹燈）,whichinvolvesavacuum（真空）andahighvoltage（電壓）electricaldischarge（放電）.Theelectricpowerisgeneratedbyacombinationofthesolarwind,ahotionized（電離）gasblowingoutfromthesun,andtheEarth'smagneticfield.Scientifically,theAuroraoccurswhentheEarth’smagneticfieldcollideswiththesolarwindcomingfromtheSun,causingatransferofenergythatcreatesthenorthernhemispheretoglow,specificallyaroundthePoles.Thisproducesmorethan1,000timestheelectricalpoweroftheworld'slargestpowerplant.Theeruptionsarelooselytiedtothesolaractivitycycle,whichlastsabout11years.Thelargest飩理相小狐地球上的）effectstendtohappenwhenactivityisatitsmaximumandintheyearsfollowingmaximums.However,largedisturbancescanhappenatanypartofthecycle.Inaddition,theoccurrenceofaurorasstilldependsonthelatitudeoftheobserver.TheAuroraLightsformanovalbandaroundthemagneticpolesoftheearth.Atadistanceabout2500kmfromthesepoles,theprobabilityforseeingaurorasisalmost100%.TheNorthernLightshaveseveralcolourfulvariations（變差）.Thecombinationofyellows,pinksandgreensarecreatedbyoxygenmoleculesthatarefound60milesabovetheearth’satmosphere,whilsttheblueandthecombinationofblueandpurpleisproducedbynitrogen,andtherarestofallauroras,thered,isaproductofhigh-altitudeoxygenfound200milesaboveEarth’satmosphere.Oneofthemostwondrous（奇妙的）featuresoftheauroraisitsspectacularmovement,asitswirls（彎曲盤(pán)旋）rapidlyoverthewholesky.Thisphenomenoniscalledtheauroralsubstorm（磁層亞暴）.Themovementiscausedbychangesinboththeelectricandmagneticfieldsinthespacearoundtheearth.Changesinthefieldsarecausedbysolareruptionscalledsolarflares.Wearestillfarfromunderstandingthechainofprocessesthatleadtotheauroralsubstorm.Thepredictionoftheoccurrenceofaurorasisdifficultbutwedohavesomesuccess.TherearetwokindsofNorthernLightsprediction:statisticalandreal-timeones.TheformerisbasedonalargeamountofobservationsofNorthernLightsatdifferentlatitudesduringseveralyears.FromthesestatisticswecansaywhatistheprobabilityoftheoccurrenceofNorthernLightsduringthecourseofyear.Accordingtothestatisticscompiled（搜集）bytheFinnishMeteorological（氣象的）Institute,fournightsoutoffiveareilluminated（照亮）byNorthernLightsinNorthernLapland,providingthattheskyisfreeenoughfromclouds.OnthecoastoftheArcticOceaninNorthNorwayonecanseeNorthernLightsalmosteverynight.EveninSouthFinland,sayHelsinki,onecanseethembutmuchmoreseldom;inHelsinkionlyonenightoutof20.Thelatterpredictionisbasedonaspace-weathermonitoringsystemeitherbyground-baseddevicesorsatelliteswatchingthespace-weatherconditionsaroundtheearth.Whenthemonitoringdevices,suchasmagnetometers（地磁儀）orparticledetectors（檢波器）inasatellite,showcertaindeviations（偏差）fromthenormalsituation,onecanexpectthataspaceweatherstormisapproac