英國文學(xué)作家,作品主要特征風(fēng)格(吐血整理)

人書腦1.WilliamShakespeare莎士比亞1564-1616RomeoandJuliet羅密歐與朱麗葉TheMerchantofVenice威尼斯商人；Hamlet哈姆雷特/王子復(fù)仇記；Othello奧塞羅；KingLear李爾王；TheTragedyofMacbeth麥克白；TimonofAthens雅典的泰門；；MeasureforMeasure惡有惡報；TheTempest暴風(fēng)風(fēng)雨；RenaissanceShakespeariansonnet14行詩Notforanage,butforalltime.永垂不朽Quatrain成組句Couplet對偶句2JohnMilton約翰,彌爾頓1608-1674(ThephasesofMilton'slifeparallelthemajorhistoricalandpoliticaldivisionsinStuartBritain.)Milton'spoetryandprosereflectdeeppersonalconvictionsapassionforfreedomandself-determinationtheurgentissuesandpoliticalturbulenceachievedinternationalrenownwithinhislifetime.L’Allegro歡樂的人；IlPenseroso沉思的人；Comus科馬斯；Lycidas列西達(dá)斯；Areopagitica論出版自由；TheDefenseoftheEnglishpeople為英國人民聲辯；TheSecondDefenseoftheEnglishpeople再為英國人民聲辯；Richandcomplextexture,multiplicityoftheclassical(Biblicalandmythological)references,wealthofornamentanddecorationSubjectsaremagnificentThecharactersarehumanandbelievableIntheending,lifenotdeathistriumphantParadiseLost失樂園；ParadiseRegained復(fù)樂園；SamsonAgonistes力士參孫RomanticpoetsWilliamBlakeandPercyShelley,whosawSatanastherealheroofthepoemandarebelagainstthetyrannyofHeaven WinstonChurchillDanielDefoe丹尼爾?迪福1.Dhadagiftfororganizing

31660-1731TheFatheroftheEnglishFictionfirstimportantEnglishnovelist標(biāo)志著近代英國小說的形成versatile多產(chǎn)的RobinsonCrusoe《魯賓遜漂流記》1719CaptainSingleton《辛格爾頓船長》1720MollFlanders《摩爾?弗蘭德斯》1722AJournalofthePlagueYear《大疫年記事》1722minutedetail---bothcredibleandfascinating.Hissentencesaresometimesshortandplain,sometimeslongandrambling——animpressionofcasualnarration.Hislanguageissmooth,easy,andmostlyvernacular地方的.everythingiscommonEnglishatitsbestinsteadofartificial..Hisnovelsenjoyapopularityamongmiddleclass.TheShortestWaywiththeDissenters《消滅不同教派的捷徑》HymntothePillory《枷鎖頌》—wroteinprison.imitatedthelyricpoemofGreekpoetPindaros（品達(dá)羅斯）.TheTrue-BornEnglishman《地道的英國人》1701―hisfirstironicpoem&themostsuccessfulpoem.SingsthepraisesoflabourBeautifiesthecolonialismReflectstheaggressiveandbraveimageoftherisingEnglishbourgeoisieBelaudtheindividualism.Affirmthepowerofhuman,espciallytheforceofreason4JonathanSwift斯威夫特1667-1745（amasterofsatire）Dublin.Irelandanattackonpedantry（買弄學(xué)問）intheformofaparableasatireuponallreligioussectsanattackonChristianityitselfLilliput小人國--theTories（托利黨）&theWhigs（輝格黨）Brobdingnag大人國——asatireonEnglishlordsandladiesFlyingIsland飛島國---corruptedphilosophers&projectorsCountryoftheHorses智馬國---theconflictsofEnglishsocietyandpeoplesimple,clear,vigorouslanguage;directandpreciseprose;amastersatirist;deadlyirony&powerfulsatire.SatireSwiftwasamanofgreatmoralintegrityandsocialcharm.Hissatireisusuallymaskedbyanoutwardgravityandanapparentearnestnesswhichrendershissatireallthemorepowerful.SimplicityandDirectnessSwiftisalwaysmostunsurpassedinthewriting.Hedefinedagoodstyleas“properwordsinproperplaces.”5HenryFielding亨利,菲爾丁1707-1754JosephAndrews約瑟?安德魯傳--說epistolarynovel書信體小1.Hefirmlybelievedtheeducationalfunctionofliterature

（英國現(xiàn)實主義小說的奠基者）MrJonathanWildtheGreat大偉人江奈生?魏爾德傳TheHistoryofTomJones,aFoundling湯姆?瓊斯；Amelia阿美利亞2.Thepurposeofthenovelwasnotjusttoamuse,buttoinstruct3.“thejustcopiesofhumanmanners”（人類態(tài)度的完整拷貝）.Thefirsttogivethemodernnovelitsstructureandstyle.Third-person narration“all-knowingGod”.Thelanguageiseasyandfamiliar,butquitevividandvigorous6RobertBurns彭 斯1759-1796（thenationalpoet ofScotland蘇格蘭民族詩人）PoemsintheScottishDialect蘇格蘭方言詩集.Love&friendship.ThenaturalbeautyofhisnativeScotland.ThepatriotismofhiscompatriotsandtheirstruggleforlibertyTheTreeofLiberty自由村;ScotsWha-Hae蘇格蘭人；TheTwoDogs兩只狗；7WilliamBlake布萊克1757-1827（aprecursorofRomanticisminEnglishpoetry浪漫主義先驅(qū)）SongsofInnocence天真之歌；SongsofExperience經(jīng)驗之歌；（simplewithoutbeingnaive;childlikewithoutbeingchildish;innocentwithoutbeinginsipid乏味）TheFrenchRevolution法國革命；TheMarriageofHeavenandHell天堂與地獄的婚姻；名詩：Lamb;London;TheTiger1.Innerspiritualfreedomoftheindividual.Plain,simple,direct,immensemeaning.Visionimages4.Symbolism8WilliamWordsworth威廉,華茲華斯1770-1850（ PoetLaureate桂冠詩人）（developedandcherishedaloveofnature）LyricalBallads抒情歌謠集（markthebreakwith18thcenturyclassicismandthebeginningofromanticisminEnglishpoetry）;TheSolitaryReaperComposeduponWestminsterBridge"Preface":classicstatementofRomanticpoetryprinciples;manifestooftheEnglishRomanticmovementinpoetryThefunctionofpoetryliesinitspowertogiveanunexpectedsplendortofamiliarandcommonplace things, to“incidentsandsituationsfromcommonlife.”Allkindsofpeople,ordinarypeasants,children,evenoutcasts,canenterpoetry.NatureOrdinarypeopleOrdinarylifeAlgoodpoetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings.1.Headvocatedusingthe

languageofcommonpeople.2.Imaginationwasveryimportantinpoeticcreation.9JaneAustin簡,奧斯丁1775-1817PrideandPrejudice傲慢與偏見；SenseandSensibility理智與情感；Emma愛瑪；MansfieldPark曼斯菲爾德公園；Persuasion勸導(dǎo)NorthangerAbbey諾桑覺1.Herearliestfictionalventuresarefullofcharminganddelicatecomedy.2.Shewasalmostuninfluenced,bythecurrentfashionsinfictionorbytherevolutionaryideas.3.Simple stories ofcommonplacepeopleoftheuppermiddleclass.4.Herworksshowawealthofcharacterstudies,andaboundinwit,humorandcharm.LadySusanThewatsonsSanditonShenevertouchedupontheclassconflictsofhertime,andinherworkstheextremesofwealthandpovertyareunknown.Sherestrictedhersubject,mattertoanarrowrangeofsocietyandevents:aquiet,prosperous,middle-classcircleinprovincialsurroundings.Shetreatedherwritingmaterialwithsuchsubtletyofobservation,depth of psychologicalpenetrationanddelicacyoftouchthatsheisrankedamongthebestofEnglishnovelists.10GeorgeGordonByron喬治,拜倫1788-1824HoursofIdliness懶散的時刻；EdinburghReviewEnglishBordsandScottishReviewers英國詩人與蘇格蘭評論家；ChildeHarold’sPilgrimage恰羅德?哈羅德游記；HebrewMelodies歌謠集PrisonofChillonManfred曼弗雷德；Byron'spoetryexertedgreatinfluenceontheRomanticMovement,owingtohisattacksonpolitical,religiousandmoralhypocrisy,totheromanticcharacterof“ByronicHero”andtotheeasy,naturalbeautyofhisverse.

Cain該隱DonJuan唐,璜SheWalksinBeauty她在美中行11PercyByssheShelley波西?比希?雪萊1792-1822QueenMab麥布女王；PrometheusUnbound解放了的普羅米修斯；TheCenci欽契；SongtotheMenofEngland致英國人民；TheMasqueofAnarchy專制魔王的化裝游行；OdetotheWestWind/aSkylark西風(fēng)/云雀頌；1.Shellywasarevolutionaryandademocrat.Hewasfightingallhislifeagainstcruelty,injustice,authorityandinstitutionalreligion.2.Heheldthatpoetryalonecouldfreemanandofferthemindawiderviewofitspowers.3.“Poetryisamoredirectrepresentationoftheactionsandpassionsofourinternalbeing”12JohnKeats約翰?濟(jì)茲1795-1821Endymion恩底彌翁；Hispoetryisalwayssensuous,colorfulandrichinimaginary.Keatshasthepowerofenteringthefeelingsofothers——eitherhumanoranimal.Hedeclaredthatwhenhesawabirdonthelawn,theenteredimaginativelyintothelifeofthebird.Isabella伊莎貝拉；TheEveofSanitAgnes圣愛尼節(jié)前夜；OntheGrasshopperandCrickets蛐蛐和蟋蟀OdetoaNightingale夜鶯頌;ToAutumn秋頌；OdeonaGrecianUrn希臘古甕頌;13CharlesDickens狄更斯1812-1870ThePosthumousPapersofthePickwickClub匹克威克夕卜傳；OliverTwist奧利弗?退斯特；AmericanNotes美國札記；MartinChuzzlewit馬丁,朱述爾維特；TheOldCuriosityShop老古玩店；DombeyandSon董貝父子；DavidCopperfield大衛(wèi),科波菲爾；HardTimes艱難時世；ATaleofTwoCities雙城記；GreatExpectation遠(yuǎn)大前程Charlescontinuedtousehisbookstotellaboutthebadconditionsthattheworkingclassesandpoorpeoplehadtoliveunder.Hehopedthatbydoingthisthingswouldchangeforthegood,buttheyjustseemedtogetworse.1.It'sanadaptedaccountofDickens’ownlifefromchildhoodtoearlyadulthood.(5Aspects—C.P.)2.The1stpointofviewaddsmuchtotherealisticeffectsandsympathetictreatmentof

characters.3.Thesuccessfulemploymentofchild'spointofview,bringsoutthetruthfulnessandgeniusesofDavid ' sexperiencesandhisfeelings.14ThomasHardy哈 代1840-1928TheReturnoftheNative還鄉(xiāng)；TheMayorofCasterbridge卡斯特橋市長；TessoftheD’urbervilles德伯家的苔絲；JudetheObscure無名的裘德TheDynasts統(tǒng)治者三部曲RomancesandFantasies;novelsofingenuity;novelsofcharacterandenvironmentFiercecriticismofthehypocriticalmoralityofsocietyandtheinhumanexploitationofthecapitalistswhoinvadedtheEnglishcountryanddestroyedthepeasantryfromtheroot.Tess:atypicalvictimofthesociety,apersonalandalsosocialtragedy.(poverty,society,twomen)Fateplaysanimportantrole.“Justicewasdone,andthePresidentoftheImmortalshadendedhissportwithTess.”.Hisviewwasrathergloomyanddark,inevitableconflictsandtragedyofhumanlife..Hisworksarenotedfortherealisticpresentationoflifeandsocialcriticism..Heisagreatpainterofnature.(Wessex).Instyle,heisatraditionalistandheightensthelocalandregionalcolor.Thestrugglebetweenmenandhisenvironment,betweenaspiringhumanspiritandtheexternalinanimatenature.Commonworkingclasspeopleasheroesandheroines.Theyareusuallytragiconeswhoacquireself-consciousnessandquestionthefundamentalsofsociety.Strong elementsofnaturalismandcombinedwitha tendency towardssymbolism.15OscarWilde王爾德1856-1900(aestheticism唯美主義者)Artforart’ssake“ArtforArt'sSake”AspokesmanforaestheticismBelongedtodecadentschoolElementsofsocialprotestandcriticismThePictureofDorianGray道林?格雷的畫像TheHappyPrinceandOtherTales快樂王子DePrafundis慘痛的呼聲；TheBalladofReadingGaol累丁獄之歌LadyWindermere'sFan溫德米爾夫人的扇子；AWomanofNoImportance一^個無足輕重的婦女；AnIdealHusband理想丈夫；TheImportanceofBeingEarnest埃耐斯特的重要

性16GeorgeBernardShaw蕭伯納1856-1950(NobelPrizeWinner)Art foreducation’ssakeAnUnsocialSocialist業(yè)余社會主義者QuintessenceofIbsenismWidoer’sHouses鰥夫的房產(chǎn)；MrsWarren’sProfession華倫夫人的職業(yè)ArmsandthemanCandidaThemanofdynastyCaesarandCleopatraMajorBarbara巴巴拉少校Pygmalion劈克美梁；HeartbreakHouse傷心之家；TheAppleCart蘋果車；TooTruetobeGood真相畢露Artshouldservesocialpurposesbyreflectinghumanlife,revealingsocialcontradictionsandeducatingthecommonpeople.Structurallyandthematically,Shawfollowedthegreattraditionsofrealism.Withhiswitandloveofparadox,hemadefulluseofcomicsatireandbroughtanewkindofintelligencetothedrama.Shaw'slanguageiseasy,wittyandforceful.Actionisreducedtoaminimum,whilethedialogueandtheinterplayofthemindsofthecharactersmaintaintheinterestoftheaudience.17JamesJoyce喬伊斯1882-1941(thestreamofconsciousnesstechnique意識流大師)Dubiners都柏林人APortraitoftheArtistasaYoungMan青年藝術(shù)家的畫像Ulysess尤利西斯；FinnegansWake芬尼根的覺醒詹姆斯?喬伊斯(JamesJoyce,1882-1941),被認(rèn)為是繼莎士比亞后英語文學(xué)史上最偉大的作家，他在小說領(lǐng)域取得的成就，代表著現(xiàn)代主義文學(xué)的一座高峰。喬伊斯對小說形式和內(nèi)容進(jìn)行的探索標(biāo)志著英國小說史上的重大突破。他的意識流打破了以時間為順序的小說模式，改變了傳統(tǒng)小說的時空觀念；他對英語語言的創(chuàng)造性運用極大地豐富了英語的表意功能。18Vi