代詞 講義-高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)

代詞人稱代詞第一人稱：單數(shù)I，me,復(fù)數(shù)we,us第二人稱：you第三人稱：單數(shù)he,him,she,her,it,復(fù)數(shù)they,them人稱代詞不同的格在句中有不同的句法功能：人稱代詞的主格作主語或表語；賓格可作賓語也可作表語。Hewoulddrownhissadnessincoffee.(主格作主語)Thankyouforyourletter.(主格作及物動詞的賓語)Iboughtapresentforhim.(賓格作介詞賓語)Hello,it’sme.(賓語作表語)在沒有謂語動詞的句子中，人稱代詞常用賓格。-Gladtomeetyou!-Me,too.物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞：my,your,her,his,its,our,your,their形容詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞。置于名詞之前，作定語。Isthisyourseat,sir?Thegovernmenthaschangeditspolicy.Nooneobjectstomyquittingthejob.名詞性物主代詞：mine,yours,his,its,ours,yours(你們的)，theirs名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”，在句中作主語、表語、賓語。Thisisnotmydictionary.MineislenttoLucy.Thiscameraismineandthatisyours.(作表語)Everypersonshowedhisticket,andIshowedminetoo.（作賓語）反身代詞單數(shù)：myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself復(fù)數(shù):ourselves,yourselves,themselves基本用法：作賓語動賓：TomtaughthimselfJapanese.介賓：Youcan’tleavethebabybyhimself.作表語:Sheisnotquiteherselftoday.作同位語:Imyselfcanrepairthebike.疑問代詞What的習(xí)慣用法：注意what與下列黑體名詞的搭配WhatisthepopulationofChina?Whatisthedistance?Whatistheprice?

whatisyouraddress?whatisyourattitude?Whatistheheight/weight/depth/length/width/size?(高度/重量/深度/長度/寬度/大小是多少？)What…for?和Whatfor?用于詢問原因和目的-Whatdidyouputitintothesoupfor?-Itwouldimprovethetaste.-I’mgoingtothegrocerystore.-Whatfor?Westillhaveenoughfoodinthefridge.Whatif…?表示假設(shè)、建議、征求意見或疑慮。Whatifitrainswhileweareontheway?Whatdoyoumean(by…)?表示憤怒、不滿等情緒。Whatdoyoumeanbyshuttingthedoorsoloudly?What/Howabout…?用于征求對方意見、詢問對方情況-Weneedmoreplayer.-WhataboutJack?Heisaveryniceboy.疑問詞what構(gòu)成的習(xí)慣用語。Sowhat?Guesswhat?Likewhat?不定代詞both，all,either,any,neither,none的區(qū)別。都任何一個都不兩個人或物botheitherneither三個或三個以上的人或物；不可數(shù)名詞allanynone例句：1.I’veboughttwobooks;youcanhaveeither.2.Noneofthismoneyismine.one,another,theother,some,others,theothers的區(qū)別。單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)一個/一些onesome另一個/一些anotherothers剩余的一個/一些theothertheothers一本/一些書onebooksomebooks另外一本/一些書anotherbookotherbooks剩余的一本/一些書theotherbooktheotherbooks注意：Theother后面通常加可數(shù)名詞（單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)），但不能加不可數(shù)名詞；短語therestof（剩余的）后面既可以加可數(shù)名詞，也可以加不可數(shù)名詞；else只能放在不定代詞或特殊疑問詞后。-Whatdidyoudolastweekend?-Oh,nothingelse.例句：Ihavetwobooks:oneisEnglish,andtheother/oneisFrench.Hewillstayhereforanotherthree/threeotherdays.Therearemanybooksonthetable:someareEnglish;theothers/therestareFrench.He’llbeinawheelchairfortherestofhislife.Wouldyoupleasemakeitanotherday?Ifthedictionaryisnotyours,whoelse’scanitbe?none,nobody/noone,nothing的區(qū)別。代詞指代用來回答相當(dāng)于none人或物HowmanyHowmuchnota/an/any+名詞；或no+名詞nobody/noone人whonotanyone;notanybodynothing物Whatnotanything例句：1.-Howmuchmoneydoyouhave?-None.2.Iwishedsomeonecouldhelpme,buttherewasnooneatthemoment.3.Aswewereasleep,noneofusheardthesound.many,much,few,little,afew,alittle的區(qū)別。多少復(fù)數(shù)名詞概念manyfew不可數(shù)名詞概念muchlittle肯定否定復(fù)數(shù)名詞概念afewfew不可數(shù)名詞概念alittlelittle注意：onlyafew=few;onlyalittle=little;quiteafew=many;quitealittle=muchone,ones,theone,theones,that,those的區(qū)別。（that，those為指示代詞）替代onea/an+單數(shù)名詞ones零冠詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞Theonethe+單數(shù)名詞Theonesthe+復(fù)數(shù)名詞thatthe+單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞thosethe+復(fù)數(shù)名詞例句：Wehavevarioussummercampsforyourholiday.Youcanchooseonebasedonyourowninterest.Mr.Hanggavememanyvaluablepresents,onesthatIhadneverseen.Thebookonthedeskisbetterthantheone/thatunderthedesk.含有不定代詞的習(xí)慣搭配。Nothingbut（=only）只是;只不過；除了……以外什么也沒有Anythingbut（=notatall;bynomeans;never）絕不；根本不Allbut（=almost;nearly）幾乎；差一點Somethinglike有點像；大約Oneanother互相Oneafteranother相繼地；依次地；一個接一個地全部否定和部分否定All,both,everyone,everybody,everything,以及“every+名詞”都表示全部肯定；Noone,none,nobody,nothing,not…any以及“no+名詞”都表示全部否定；當(dāng)not出現(xiàn)在含有表示全部肯定的不定代詞的句子中時，不管not在它們之前還是之后，都表示部分否定。此外，not與總括性副詞如everywhere，always，wholly,altogether等連用的時候也表示部分否定。Notallofthemsmoke.Alloftheboysareclever,butnoneofthemcanworkoutthisproblem.It的用法指代上文提到的某樣?xùn)|西Whereismydictionary?Ileftitrightonthedesk.用以代替指示代詞this,that-What’sthis?-It’saflag.-Who’sexercisebookisthat?-It’shers.指不知性別的嬰兒（baby）；身份不明確的人（由于某種原因而不知對方是誰）Thebabycriedbecauseitwashungry.-Who’sknockingatthedoor?-It’sme.指時間、天氣、距離等Itisnineo’clocknow.Itisraininghardoutside.Itisalongwaytothefactory.作形式主語或形式賓語It常用來代替不定式短語，動名詞短語或名詞性從句作形式主語或形式賓語而將真正的主語或賓語后置。It’snoteasytolearnaforeignlanguage.It’simpossibleforhimtogetthereintime.Itisnogoodlivingalonewithoutkeepingintouchwithothers.IfinditeasytogetonwithJim.Ihavemadeitclearthatnobodyisallowedtosmokehere.強調(diào)句型基本用法在句中強調(diào)主語、賓語或狀語基本句式Itis/was/mightbe+被強調(diào)部分+that/who+其他成分。被強調(diào)部分為“人”時，可用who/that,“非人”則用that一般疑問句Is/Wasit+被強調(diào)部分+that/who+其他成分？特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+is/wasit+that+其他成分？not…until…結(jié)構(gòu)的強調(diào)句Itis/wasnotuntil+that+其他成分例句：ItwasMr.White