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《英語(yǔ)演講》
教案(進(jìn)度、大綱、講義、課件)
授課人:
Tel:
E-mail:
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《英語(yǔ)演講》
進(jìn)度
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請(qǐng)任課教師第一堂課向?qū)W生詳細(xì)解說課程大綱和學(xué)習(xí)規(guī)則,包括課程
的結(jié)構(gòu)、主要與次要的內(nèi)容、教學(xué)目標(biāo)、進(jìn)度安排、教與學(xué)的方法、
作業(yè)要求、答疑時(shí)間與聯(lián)系方式、成績(jī)考核依據(jù)、曠課處理、相關(guān)材
料及閱讀技巧、必要的閱讀書目、實(shí)踐及練習(xí)時(shí)間等。
進(jìn)度安排
周次教學(xué)內(nèi)容備注(課時(shí))
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《英語(yǔ)演講》
大綱
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《英語(yǔ)演講》教學(xué)大綱
前言
(一)本門課程的性質(zhì)和教學(xué)目的
(二)本門課程的教學(xué)要求
(三)推薦使用的教材和課外閱讀書目
1.推薦使用的教材
2.課外閱讀書目
(四)本門課程教學(xué)的課時(shí)分配
本門課程的教學(xué)計(jì)劃課時(shí)為36課時(shí)(2學(xué)分),建議教學(xué)課時(shí)按以下方案分配:
章節(jié)內(nèi)容課時(shí)分配備注
合計(jì)36
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課程教學(xué)內(nèi)容與要求
UnitOneCourseOverview;BasicPrinciplesofSpeechCommunication
教學(xué)目的和要求
內(nèi)容講解
UnitTwoAnalyzingtheAudience
教學(xué)目的和要求
本單元講授演講前的準(zhǔn)備工作之一:了解聽眾,根據(jù)聽眾的特征,調(diào)整演講
內(nèi)容。通過教師的講授與示范,調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的積極性,參與演講實(shí)踐。
內(nèi)容講解
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《英語(yǔ)演講》
講義
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Introduction
Whatispublicspeaking?
?Publicspeaking,asitsnameimplies,isawayofmakingyourideaspublic–of
sharingthemwithotherpeopleandofinfluencingotherpeople.
ABriefIntroductiontopublicspeaking
I.HowtoPrepareaSpeech
?StatingYourObjectives:
inform
train
persuade
sell
?AnalyzingYourAudience
Whattolearnabouttheaudience?
Theiropinionsandlevelsofpriorknowledgeofyoursubject;theirlikely
bias,bothpersonalandprofessional
howdoyoulearnit?
Askthepersonwhohasinvitedyoutospeak.Findoutwhattheoccasion
isandifthereisaprogramtheme.
?ChoosingaSpeechTopicandtheSpeechTheme
SixCriteria
1.Thetopicshouldbeinterestingtoyou.
2.Itshouldbeinterestingtoyouraudienceoratleastbecapableofbeing
madeinterestingtothem.
3.Itshouldbeappropriatetothesituation.
4.Itshouldbeappropriatetothetimeavailable.
5.Itshouldbemanageable.
6.Itshouldbeworthwhile.Don'twasteyouraudience’stime.
?GatheringandSelectingAppropriateMaterials
convincingmaterials
sevenmajortypesofmaterials:descriptionsandexplanations,statistics,
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examples,testimony,comparisonandcontrast,repetitionandrestatement,and
visuals.guidelines
?OutliningYourSpeech
guidelines:
1.Writeandlabelyourspecificpurposeatthetopofyouroutline.
2.Indicatemainideas,points,sub-points,andsupportingmaterials
properly.
3.Useatleasttwosubdivisions,ifany,foreachpoint.
Usingsubdivisionshelpsyougiveattentiontoallthepointsyouwantto
say.
4.Labeltheintroduction,mainbodyandconclusion.
II.HowtoWriteaGreatSpeech
?OrganizingtheBodyoftheSpeech
A.TheIntroduction
A.Ividingbackgroundinformation,definitions
explanations,etc.
B.Generallyitshouldcontainthethesisstatement.
C.Itshouldbeinterestingenoughtomakethelistenerwanttocontinuelistening.
Anecdotes,shockingstatistics,quotes,andrhetoricalquestions
D.Itshouldindicatehowyourtopicwillbedeveloped.
E.tellyourlistenersWHYtheyshouldlistentoyou;suchashowtheywillbenefit.
F.includethemethodoforganizationthatyouwillfollow.Thishelpsthelistener
prepareforwhatyouaregoingtosayandhelpthemorganizetheinformation.
Aneffectiveintroduction
?Createsafavorablefirstimpressionwiththeaudience
?Boostsaspeaker’s-confidenceself
Gainingattention
?relatethetopictotheaudience
?Statetheimportanceofthetopic
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?Startletheaudience
?Arousethecuriosityoftheaudience
?Questiontheaudience
?Beginwithquotation
?Tellastory
?Usingvisualaids
?…
Revealthetopic
?Clearlystatesthespeechtopic
?Establishthecredibilityandgoodwillofthespeaker
Previewthebody
?Tellsaudiencewhattolistenforintherest
?Provideasmoothlead-in
?Presentspecialinformation
B.MainBody
a.Eachmainpointdiscussesoneaspectofthethesis.
b.Themainpointsshouldbelinkedwithcleartransitionssoastogivethe
bodycoherenceandunity.
C.Conclusion
Aconclusioncanrestatethethesis.
Aconclusioncanrestatethemainpoints.
Aconclusioncancallforsomesortofaction(particularlyinapersuasivepiece)
Aconclusioncanhighlightareasforfurtherresearch.
Aconclusioncansuggestresultsorconsequences.
Aconclusioncanremindtheaudienceoftheimportanceoftheinformation
presented.
Thespeakercanthanktheaudiencefortheirattention.
AconclusionshouldNEVERbringupanewtopic.
AspeakershouldNEVERapologizefortheirinformation.Thelastthingyouwant
tohappenisfortheaudiencetoquestionyourcredibility.
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2functionsofconclusion
?Signaltheendofthespeech
?Reinforcetheaudience’sunderstandingofthespeech
?UsingSpeechLanguage
A.UsingLanguageAccurately
B.UseLanguageClearly
C.UselanguageVividly
III.HowtoDeliveraGreatSpeech
?PhysicalDelivery
1.posture
Apublicspeakershouldlookcomfortable,confidentandpreparedtospeak.In
posture,thetwoextremestoavoidarerigidityandsloppiness.
2.facialexpressions
Yourfacialexpressionmustmatchwhatyouaresaying.
3.movement
a.Neverturnyourbackontheaudiencewhileyouarespeaking.
b.Ifyoumoveaboutonthestage,makeyourmovementspurposeful.
c.Beawareofallpotentialobstaclesonthestage.
4.gestures
5.Eyecontact
Letyourgazemoveovereachmemberoftheaudience
don’tchooseonepersonandlookfixedlyathimorher.
avoidthetemptationtolookovertheheadsofyouraudienceortoholdyour
notesinfrontofyourface.
6.Appearance
Thewayyoudressandpresentyourself
Dressappropriatelytotheaudience
?VocalDelivery
Vocaldeliveryreferstotheuseofyourvoicetoconveyyourmessage.
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1.rate
Rateisthespeed
nottooslowlyortooquickly.Varyingyourratecanbecritical.
2.pause
temporarystops
pausebeforeandafteramajorpoint.Youcanusepausestoillustratethatyou
arechangingfromonepointtoanother.Youcanusepausesforemphasis
3.volume
Volumereferstohowloudonespeaks
SpeaktoosoftSpeaktooloud
changingthevolumeatcertainpointsemphasizeimportantideas.
Raisingyourvoiceloweringyourvoice
4.pitch
Pitchreferstothehighorlowqualityofyourvoice.
Volumeismeasuredintermsofloudness.
Thepitchofyourvoiceinpublicspeakingreferstothe“excitement”or
“enthusiasm”levelinyourvoice.
pitchcanberaisedandloweredforemphasis.
varyyourpitch.
5.Pronunciation
6.articulation:notslur,speakclearly
IV.HowtoAnalyzeandEvaluateSpeech
?three“M”s:matter,mannerandmethod.
SpeakingtoPersuade
I.Persuasion:aPsychologicalprocess
?A.Persuasionisthemostcomplexandthemostchallenging.
?(controversialtopics,involvingvaluesandbeliefs;listeners’ownideas)
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?B.Listeners:mentalgive-and-take
?(listeners:assessmentonspeakers)
II.TheTargetAudience
?Thepartofthewholeaudienceaspeakermostwantstoreachwithhis
message.Agreeanddisagreeaudience
?AdaptthespeechtothevaluesandconcernsoftheTA
?Donotexcludeotherlisteners
III.Monroe’sMotivatedSequence
?Monroe'smotivatedsequenceisatechniquefororganizingpersuasive
speechesthatinspirepeopletotakeaction.
?AlanH.Monroe(PurdueUniversity)1930s
?whatcreatesmakesamotivationalspeechactuallymotivating.
?a5-stepmethodfororganizingmotivationalspeeches.
1.Attention
Gettheattentionofyouraudienceusingadetailedstory,shockingexample,
dramaticstatistic,quotations,etc.
E.g.Hey!Listentome,IhaveaPROBLEM!
2.Need
Showthattheproblemaboutwhichyouarespeakingexists,thatitis
significant,andthatitwon'tgoawaybyitself.Usestatistics,examples,etc.
Convinceyouraudiencethatthereisaneedforactiontobetaken.
E.g.LetmeEXPLAINtheproblem.
3.Satisfy.
Youpresentyourplanandshowhowitwillwork.Besuretoofferenough
detailsabouttheplan.
E.g.But,IhaveaSOLUTION!
4.Visualization
Telltheaudiencewhatwillhappenifthesolutionisimplementedordoesnot
takeplace.Bevisualanddetailed.
E.g.IfweIMPLEMENTmysolution,thisiswhatwillhappen.
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5.Action.
Telltheaudiencewhatactiontheycantakepersonallytosolvetheproblem.
Sayexactlywhatyouwanttheaudiencetodoandhowtodoit.
E.g.Youcanhelpmeinthisspecificway.AreYOUwillingtohelpme?
AdvantageofMMS
?Itemphasizeswhattheaudiencecando.Monroe'smotivatedsequence
emphasizestheactiontheaudiencecantake.
?SampleSpeech:TheUltimateGift
IV.PersuasiveSpeechesonQuestionsofFact
?A.seektopersuadeaudiencetoacceptthespeaker’sviewofthefactsona
particularissue.
E.g.Willtheeconomybebetterorworsenextyear?
?B.differentfromaninformativespeech
IS:giveinformationasimpartiallyaspossible≠argueforapointofview
PS:persuadetheaudiencetoacceptthespeaker’sviewabouttheinformation
e.g.Inatriallawyerjuryguilt/innocentdefendant
V.PersuasiveSpeechesonQuestionsofValue
?A.Judgmentsbasedonaperson’sbeliefsaboutwhat’srightorwrong
?B.2steps:
1.definethestandardsforvaluejudgments
2.judgethesubjectofthespeechagainstthestandards.
VI.PersuasiveSpeechesonQuestionsofPolicy
?A.dealwithspecificcoursesofaction:involvequestionsoffactandvalue;go
beyondthat
?B.2types:
1.gainpassiveagreementthatapolicyisdesirable,necessary&practical
2.motivatetheaudiencetotakeimmediateaction
?C.3basicissues–need,plan&practicality
1.need:(no)needforachange
2.aspecificplan:solvetheneed
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3.practicality:Plan:workable,solvetheneedwithoutcreatingnew
problems
VII.MethodsofPersuasion
A.Buildingcredibility
–1.Credibilityaffectedby:competence&character
competence:speaker’sintelligence,expertise&knowledgeofthesubject
character:speaker’ssincerity,trustworthiness
–2.3types
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