2010、2011、2012考研英語二翻譯真題解析

2010考研英語二翻譯真題、參考答案和來源分析"Sustainability"hasbecomeapopularwordthesedays,buttoTedNing,theconceptwillalwayshavepersonalmeaning.Havingenduredapainfulperiodofunsustainabilityinhisownlifemadeitcleartohimthatsustainability-orientedvaluesmustbeexpressedthrougheverydayactionandchoice.當今，“可持續(xù)性”已經(jīng)成為了一個流行的詞語.但是，對特德寧來說，它對這個詞有著自身的體會.在忍受了一段痛苦的、難以為繼的生活之后，他清楚地認識到，以可持續(xù)發(fā)展為導向的生活價值必須通過日常的活動和做出的選擇表現(xiàn)出來.Ningrecallsspendingaconfusingyearinthelate1990ssellinginsurance.He'dbeenthroughthedot-comboomandburstand,desperateforajob,signedonwithaBoulderagency.寧回憶了在上個世紀網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟的興盛和衰敗之后，約.90年代末期的某一年，他賣保險，那是一種渾渾噩噩的生活.在經(jīng)歷了他非常渴望得到一份工作，于是和一家博德的代理公司簽了合Itdidn'tgowell."Itwasareallybadmovebecausethat'snotmypassion,"saysNing,whosedilemmaaboutthejobtranslated,predictably,intoalackofsales."Iwasmiserable.IhadsomuchanxietythatIwouldwakeupinthemiddleofthenightandstareattheceiling.Ihadnomoneyandneededthejob.Everyonesaid,”Justwait,you'llturnthecorner,giveitsometime.''事情進展不順，“那的確是很糟糕的一種選擇，因為那并非是我的激情所在，”寧如是說可以想象，他這種工作上的窘境是由于銷售業(yè)績不良造成的..“我覺得很悲哀.每個人都會說，.我太擔心了，等吧，總會以至于我會在半夜醒來，有轉(zhuǎn)機的，給點時間吧盯著天花板.沒有錢，.”我需要這份工作原文：原文是來自一份雜志，叫“experiencelife”，出題人做了部分改動，原文和改動的文章如下：Sustainabilityhasbecomesomethingofabuzzword(出題人把這個單詞改為popularword)thesedays,buttoTedNing,theconceptwillalwayshavepersonalmeaning.Havingenduredapainfulperiodofunsustainabilityinhisownlifemadeitcleartohimthatsustainability-orientedvaluesmustbeexpressedthrougheverydayactionandchoice.Ning,directorofLOHAS(LifestylesofHealthandSustainability),theBoulder,Colo.–basedinformationclearinghouseonsustainableliving,recallsspendingatumultuous（出題人把這個詞改為了confusing）yearinthelate’90ssellinginsurance.He’dbeenthroughthedot-comboomandbust（出題人似乎把這個詞改為burst了）and,desperateforajob,signedonwithaBoulderagency.Itdidn’tgowell.“Itwasareallybadmovebecausethat’snotmypassion,”saysNing,whoseambivalenceaboutthejobtranslated,predictably,intoalackofsales.“Iwasmiserable.IhadsomuchanxietythatIwouldpullalongsideofthehighwayandvomit,orwakeupinthemiddleofthenightandstareattheceiling.Ihadnomoneyandneededthejob.Everyonesaid,‘Justwait,you’llturnthecorner,giveitsometime.’”Ningstuckitoutforayearbecausehesimplydidn’tknowwhatelsetodo,butfelthishappinessandhealthsufferasaresult.HeeventuallyquitandstumbleduponLOHASinahelp-wantedadforadataanalyst.“Ididn’tknowwhatLOHASwas,”hesays,“butitsoundedkindaneat.”Itturnedouttobeabetterfitthanhecouldhaveeverimagined.Atthetime,theLOHASorganizationdidlittlemorethanhostasmallannualconferenceinBoulder.Itwasaforumwhereprogressive-mindedcompaniescouldgathertocomparenotesonhowtoreachavalues-drivensegmentofconsumers—theLOHASmarket—whoseemedattractedtoproductsandservicesthatmirroredtheirinterestinhealth,environmentalstewardship,socialjustice,personaldevelopmentandsustainableliving.Incontrastwithhisdisastrousforayintotheinsurancebusiness,Ning’snewjobfeltlikecominghome.GrowingupinthefoothillsoftheRockiesoutsideofDenver,he’ddevelopedaloveoftheoutdoorsandarespectfortheearth,whilehisparentsprovidedamodelofsocialactivism—thefamilytraveledwidely,andatonepointhisparentscreatedandoperatedanonprofitthatofferedmicrocreditloanstosmallbusinessesinVietnamandGuatemala.HehasthreeadoptedsistersfromVietnamandKorea.HestudiedinternationalrelationsandChineseatColoradoUniversityandslippedeasilyintotheBoulderlifestyle—commutingbybike,eatingorganics,buyinglocalandtherest—thoughhestoppedshortofthepatchouli-and-dreadlocksphaseembracedbymanyofhispeers.(Heoptedinsteadfortheuniversity’sskiteamand,aftergraduating,woundupcoachingtheJapanesedevelopmentteamduringtheNaganoOlympicsin1998.)Fromhisground-leveljob,Ningmovedquicklyuptheranksintheorganization,becomingitsexecutivedirectorin2006.“WhenIgotthejob,LOHASwasasleepyconferenceinBoulder,”saysNing.Today,theforumisbooming,theorganizationisexpandingandthemarketisevolving.Ninghasmorethangrownintothepositionhestumbledoninthewantads.“Idon’tconsiderthisajob.Itisreallymoreofacalling.”Ning,41,coordinatestheconferenceandoverseestheorganization’sannualjournalandWebsite(),whilecompilingresearchontrendsandopportunitiesforbusinesses.Healsotravelsthecountrypromoting—andexplaining—theLOHASconceptandtheburgeoningmarketitrepresents.FirstidentifiedbysociologistPaulRayinthemid-1990sas“culturalcreatives,”theU.S.marketsegmentthatembracesLOHAStodayhasgrowntoabout41millionconsumers,orroughly19percentofAmericanadults.ButthoseLOHASconsumersarepowerfullyinfluencingtheattitudesandbehaviorsofothers(witnesstheriseofinterestinyoga,all-naturalproducts,simplicityandhybridvehicles).WhichiswhyLOHAS-relatedproductsnowgenerateanestimated$209billionannually.“Overthelasttwoyearsagreentidalwavehascomeoverus,”saysNing.Ridingthatwave,saysNing,isnotaboutjumpingonatrendbandwagon.It’sconnectingwith—andactingon—asetofshared,instrinsicvalues.“Peopleknowwhatisauthentic.Youcan’tpreachthislifestyleandnotliveit,”hesays.Heandhiswife,Jenifer,liveinasolar-poweredhome,raiseorganicvegetablesintheirbackyardanddriveacarthatgets48milestothegallon.Heevenbuyscarbonoffsetstonegatetheglobalwarmingimpactofhiscellphone.Ningemphasizesthattherearemanydifferentwaysof“l(fā)ivingLOHAS.”Ultimately,it’sreallyaboutfindingawayoflifethatmakessenseandfeelsgood—nowandforthelonghaul.“Peoplearelookinginternally,”hesays,“askingthemselves,‘Whatreallymakesmehappy?’IsitthefactthatIcangooutandbuythatgiantflat-screenTV,orisitthatIcanhaveaquieteveningwithmyfamilyjusthangingoutandplayingagameofScrabble?”ForNing,it’sano-brainer.He’lltakeScrabbleeverytime.LaineBergesonisanExperienceLifesenioreditor.2011考研英語二翻譯真題、參考答案和來源分析Whowouldhavethoughtthat,globally,theITindustryproducesaboutthesamevolumesofgreenhousegasesastheworld’sairlinesdo-rough2percentofallCO2emissions?全球范圍內(nèi)，信息技術(shù)行業(yè)與航空業(yè)產(chǎn)生的溫室氣體總量相同——約占二氧化碳排放總量的2%，這有誰曾想到過？Manyeverydaytaskstakeasurprisingtollontheenvironment.AGooglesearchcanleakbetween0.2and7.0gramsofCO2dependingonhowmanyattemptsareneededtogetthe“right”answer.Todeliverresultstoitsusersquickly,then,Googlehastomaintainvastdatacentresroundtheworld,packedwithpowerfulcomputers.WhileproducinglargequantitiesofCO2,thesecomputersemitagreatdealofheat,sothecentresneedtobewellair-conditioned,whichusesevenmoreenergy.許多日常工作對環(huán)境造成的損失大得驚人.每一次谷歌搜索能釋放0.2到0.7克的二氧.為了迅速向用戶提供搜索結(jié)果，谷歌.這些計算機不僅產(chǎn)生大量這甚至會耗費更多化碳，這取決于為了獲得“正確”答案你試過多少次不得不在世界各地建立大型數(shù)據(jù)中心，安裝一臺臺強大的計算機的二氧化碳，還釋放大量熱能，因此這些數(shù)據(jù)中心需要良好的空調(diào)設(shè)備，的能源.However,Googleandotherbigtechprovidersmonitortheirefficiencycloselyandmakeimprovements.Monitoringisthefirststepontheroadtoreduction,butthereismuchtobedone,andnotjustbybigcompanies.然而，谷歌和其他大型技術(shù)供應(yīng)商嚴密地監(jiān)控其效果，并做出改進步，仍有太多問題需要解決，并且不只是由大公司來解決.監(jiān)控是減排的第一.原文：Whowouldhavethoughtthat,globally,theITindustryproducesaboutthesamevolumeofgreenhousegasesastheworld'sairlinesdo-roughly2percentofallCO2emissions?Manyeverydaytaskstakeasurprisingtollontheenvironment.AGooglesearchcanleakbetween0.2and7.0gramsofCO2,dependingonhowmanyattemptsareneededtogetthe"right"answer.Attheupperendofthescale,twosearchescreateroughlythesameemissionsasboilingakettle.Todeliverresultstoitsusersquickly,Googlehastomaintainvastdatacentresaroundtheworld,packedwithpowerfulcomputers.AswellasproducinglargequantitiesofCO2,thesecomputersemitagreatdealofheat,sothecentresneedtobewellair-conditioned-whichusesevenmoreenergy.However,GoogleandotherbigtechproviderssuchasBT,IBM,MicrosoftandAmazonmonitortheirefficiencycloselyandmakeimprovements.(Googleclaimstobemoreefficientthanmost.)Recently,industryandgovernmentagenciesfromtheUS,EuropeandJapanreachedanagreement,orchestratedbytheGreenGrid,anAmericanindustryconsortium,onhowtobenchmarktheenergyefficiencyofdatacentres.Monitoringisthefirststepontheroadtoreduction,butthere'smuchmoretobedone,andnotjustbybigcompanies.Simplethings-suchasturningdevicesoffwhentheyarenotinuse-canhelptoreducetheimpactofourloveaffairwithallthingsdigital.ResearchfromtheNationalEnergyFoundationintheUKfoundthatnearly20percentofworkersdon'tturntheirPCsoffattheendoftheday,wasting1.5billionkWhofelectricityperyear-whichequatestotheannualCO2producedby200,000smallfamilycars.Technologycouldhaveahugeroletoplayinreducingenergyconsumption-justthinkofthenumberofcarandbusjourneyssavedbysomethingassimpleasonlinebanking.Butthesectormuststillworkhardertogetitsownhouseinorder.JasonStamperisNStechnologycorrespondentandeditorofComputerBusinessReview2012考研英語二翻譯真題、參考答案和來源分析Whenpeopleindevelopingcountriesworryaboutmigration,theyareusuallyconcernedattheprospectoftheirbestandbrightestdeparturetoSiliconValleyortohospitalsanduniversitiesinthedevelopedworld.ThesearethekindofworkersthatcountrieslikeBritain,CanadaAustraliatrytoattractbyusingimmigrationrulesthatprivilegecollegegraduates.發(fā)展中國家的人們?nèi)魹橐泼駟栴}操心，往往是想到硅谷或發(fā)達國家的醫(yī)院和大學去創(chuàng)造自己最輝煌的未來.英國、加拿大和澳大利亞等國給大學畢業(yè)生提供的優(yōu)惠移民政策，就是為了吸引這部分人群.Lotsofstudieshavefoundthatwell-educatedpeoplefromdevelopingcountriesareparticularlylikelytoemigrate.AbigsurveyofIndianhouseholdsin2004foundthatnearly40%ofemigrantshadmorethanahigh-schooleducation,comparedwitharound3.3%ofallIndiansovertheageof25.The“braindrain”haslongbotheredpolicymakersinpoorcountries.Theyfearthatithurtstheireconomies,deprivingthemofmuch-neededskilledworkerswhocouldhavetaughtattheiruniversities,workedintheirhospitalsandcomeupwithclevernewproductsfortheirfactoriestomake.諸多研究表明，發(fā)展中國家受過良好教育的人才往往可能有移民傾向.2004年，曾針對印度家庭進行過一次大型調(diào)查，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，3.3%受過中學以上教育近40%有移民傾向的人受過中學以上教育，.“人才流失”問題長期以來一直讓發(fā)展中而25而歲以上的印度人只有約國家的決策者很苦惱，這些人才本該在他們自己的大學任教，品.他們擔心這種情況會危及其經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，奪去他們緊缺的技術(shù)人才，在他們自己的醫(yī)院工作，為他們自己的工廠研發(fā)新產(chǎn)原文：WHENpeopleinrichcountriesworryaboutmigration,theytendtothinkoflow-paidincomerswhocompeteforjobsasconstructionworkers,dishwashersorfarmhands.Whenpeopleindevelopingcountriesworryaboutmigration,theyareusuallyconcernedattheprospectoftheirbestandbrightestdecampingtoSiliconValleyortohospitalsanduniversitiesinthedevelopedworld.ThesearethekindofworkersthatcountrieslikeBritain,CanadaandAustraliatrytoattractbyusingimmigrationrulesthatprivilegecollegegraduates.Lotsofstudieshavefoundthatwell-educatedpeoplefromdevelopingcountriesareparticularlylikelytoemigrate.Bysomeestimates,two-thirdsofhighlyeducatedCapeVerdeansliveoutsidethecountry.AbigsurveyofIndianhouseholdscarriedoutin2004askedaboutfamilymemberswhohadmovedabroad.Itfoundthatnearly40%ofemigrantshadmorethanahigh-schooleducation,comparedwitharound3.3%ofallIndiansovertheageof25.This“braindrain”haslongbotheredpolicymakersinpoorcountries.Theyfearthatithurtstheireconomies,deprivingthemofmuch-neededskilledworkerswhocouldhavetaughtattheiruniversities,workedintheirhospitalsandcomeupwithclevernewproductsfortheirfactoriestomake.Manynowtakeissuewiththisview(seearticle).Severaleconomistsreckonthatthebrain-drainhypothesisfailstoaccountfortheeffectsofremittances,forthebeneficialeffectsofreturningmigrants,andforthepossibilitythatbeingabletomigratetogreenerpasturesinducespeopletogetmoreeducation.Somearguethatoncethesefactorsaretakenintoaccount,anexodusofhighlyskilledpeoplecouldturnouttobeanetbenefittothecountriestheyleave.RecentstudiesofmigrationfromcountriesasfarapartasGhana,Fiji,IndiaandRomaniahavefoundsupportforthis“braingain”idea.Themostobviouswayinwhichmigrantsrepaytheirhomelandsisthroughremittances.Workersfromdevelopingcountriesremittedatotalof$325billionin2010,accordingtotheWorldBank.InLebanon,Lesotho,Nepal,Tajikistanandafewotherplaces,remittancesaremorethan20%ofGDP.Askilledmigrantmayearnseveralmultiplesofwhathisincomewouldhavebeenhadhestayedathome.AstudyofRomanianmigrantstoAmericafoundthattheaverageemigrantearnedalmost$12,000ayearmoreinAmericathanhewouldhavedoneinhisnativeland,ahugepremiumforsomeonefromacountrywhereincomeperpersonisaround$7,500(atmarketexchangerates).Itistruethatmanyskilledmigrantshavebeeneducatedandtrainedpartlyattheexpenseoftheir(oftencash-strapped)governments.Somearguethatpoorcountriesshouldthereforerethinkhowmuchtheyspendonhighereducation.Indians,forexample,oftendebatewhethertheirgovernmentshouldcontinuetosubsidisetheIndianInstitutesofTechnology(IITs),itseliteengineeringschools,whenlargenumbersofIITgraduatesendupinSiliconValleyoronWallStreet.ButanewstudyofremittancessenthomebyGhanaianmigrantssuggeststhatonaveragetheytransferenoughovertheirworkinglivestocovertheamountspentoneducatingthemseveraltimesover.Thestudyfindsthatonceremittancesaretakenintoaccount,thecostofeducationwouldhavetobe5.6timestheofficialfiguretomake