輥道窯窯爐設(shè)計(jì)說明書

...wd......wd......wd...目錄摘要熱平衡分析:從上面熱平衡列表,看到熱支出一欄中，煙氣所占比例對(duì)比大，得到了對(duì)比充分的利用。但還是有相當(dāng)一局部熱未利用，還有很大的開發(fā)利用空間。10傳動(dòng)計(jì)算10.1傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的選擇輥道窯的傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)由電動(dòng)機(jī),減速設(shè)備和傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)所構(gòu)成。常見的傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)由鏈傳動(dòng)和齒輪傳動(dòng)兩種，本設(shè)計(jì)采用齒輪傳動(dòng)。傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)采用螺旋斜齒輪傳動(dòng)方式，采用分段傳動(dòng)，每三節(jié)窯長為一傳動(dòng)組，用1.7KW的擺線針輪減速機(jī)帶動(dòng)。，高溫區(qū)每臺(tái)擺線針輪減速機(jī)由一個(gè)變頻器調(diào)節(jié)速度，低溫區(qū)每兩臺(tái)擺線針輪減速機(jī)由一個(gè)變頻器調(diào)節(jié)速度。全窯累計(jì)減速機(jī)20臺(tái)，變頻器10臺(tái)，一個(gè)電磁離合器。操作人員可以將全窯調(diào)成一個(gè)速度。當(dāng)發(fā)生堵窯事故需要處理時(shí)，事故前的棍棒可以調(diào)成往返擺動(dòng)，事故后的棍棒可以繼續(xù)將磚坯送至窯出口。這種傳動(dòng)方式運(yùn)行平穩(wěn)可靠，調(diào)整簡單，維修量小。螺旋斜齒輪傳動(dòng)都采用油浴潤滑，潤滑效果好，磨損少，使用壽命長。10.2傳動(dòng)過程電機(jī)→減速器→主動(dòng)鏈輪→滾子鏈→從動(dòng)鏈輪→傳動(dòng)軸→主動(dòng)螺旋齒輪→從動(dòng)螺旋齒輪→棍棒傳動(dòng)軸→輥?zhàn)印?0.3輥?zhàn)硬馁|(zhì)的選擇輥?zhàn)拥牟馁|(zhì)要求十分嚴(yán)格，它要求輥?zhàn)泳哂泻芎玫目篃嵴鹦阅?，使輥?zhàn)咏?jīng)受得起急冷急熱得沖擊；要求輥?zhàn)又睆揭恢潞推街?，確保產(chǎn)品得平直移動(dòng)；要有強(qiáng)的高溫抗氧化性能，使輥?zhàn)幽艹惺芨邷兀灰懈叩暮芍剀浕瘻囟群托〉娜渥冃?，使輥?zhàn)釉诟邷叵戮哂凶钚〉膹澢冃危灰泻玫母邷啬途眯?，使輥?zhàn)幽茉诟邷叵麻L久的工作。另外，還要有好的去污性能，使粘在輥?zhàn)由厦娴挠缘位蚱渌畚锶菀兹サ?。本設(shè)計(jì)在低溫段〔1－16節(jié)和99-120節(jié)〕采用低溫陶瓷棍棒；在下槍區(qū)和燒成帶采用的是Ф65×3800高溫瓷棒；在快冷段和窯頭進(jìn)磚輥臺(tái)和窯尾出磚輥臺(tái)均采用鋼棒。10.4輥距確實(shí)定輥距即相鄰兩根輥?zhàn)拥闹行木?，確定輥距主要依據(jù)是制品長度、輥?zhàn)又睆揭约爸破吩谳伒郎弦苿?dòng)的平穩(wěn)性，一般用下面經(jīng)歷公式計(jì)算：P=(1/5-1/3)L，L為制品長度。如前面所述取輥距為85mm，每節(jié)窯長2295mm，每節(jié)窯輥?zhàn)訑?shù)2295/85=27；每節(jié)窯長1870mm，每節(jié)窯輥?zhàn)訑?shù)1870/85=22那么窯內(nèi)輥?zhàn)涌倲?shù)為N=27×62+22×74=3302根。10.5輥?zhàn)觽鲃?dòng)過程中的聯(lián)接方式依據(jù)以上原那么，聯(lián)接方式輥?zhàn)又鲃?dòng)端采用彈簧夾緊式，從動(dòng)端采用托輪摩擦式，雙支點(diǎn)混合支撐，便于更換輥?zhàn)印?0.6輥?zhàn)愚D(zhuǎn)速的選擇根據(jù)輥?zhàn)愚D(zhuǎn)速的公式：L窯長,mmt燒成周期,mind輥?zhàn)又睆?mmK考慮到制品的滑動(dòng)系數(shù),一般取K=1.05那么:n=1.05×280.57/3.14×0.067×45=31.12r/min11管道計(jì)算、阻力計(jì)算和風(fēng)機(jī)選型11.1管道計(jì)算排煙系統(tǒng)需排煙氣量: Vg=[VgO+(αg-α)L0]X=4.935×2442.12=12052.3m煙氣在金屬管中流速w，取經(jīng)歷數(shù)據(jù)w=10〔m/s〕煙氣抽出時(shí)實(shí)際體積V：V=Vg·(273+250)/273=238089m3/h=6.4總煙管尺寸:d==0.903為滿足生產(chǎn)需要，利于以后實(shí)際生產(chǎn)的壓力控制，主排煙管1內(nèi)徑取1000mm，主排煙管2的內(nèi)徑取800mm。分煙管尺寸:V’=V/2=6.4/2=3.2d==0.638取內(nèi)徑800mm，長度22m。支管尺寸：V’’=V/5=0.64(m3/s)d==0.286，前三組取支煙管內(nèi)徑450mm，后五組內(nèi)徑取300mm。11.2阻力計(jì)算料垛阻力hi：根據(jù)經(jīng)歷每米窯長料垛阻力0.5Pa。設(shè)0壓在34—35接交界處，那么hi=〔16×2.295＋18×1.87〕×0.5Pa=35.19Pa位壓阻力hg：煙氣從窯爐至風(fēng)機(jī)，高度升高H=1.8m，此時(shí)幾何壓頭為煙氣流動(dòng)的動(dòng)力即負(fù)位壓阻力，煙氣溫度400℃局部阻力he，局部阻力he查得如下：煙氣從窯爐進(jìn)入支管：1支煙管進(jìn)入分煙管：1.5并90°急轉(zhuǎn)彎：1.5分管90°急轉(zhuǎn)彎：1.5分管90°圓弧轉(zhuǎn)彎：0.35分管進(jìn)入總管：1.5并90°急轉(zhuǎn)彎：1.5進(jìn)入交換管:0.28為簡化計(jì)算，煙管中煙氣流速均按10m/s計(jì)，煙氣溫度均按250℃計(jì)，那么：摩擦阻力系數(shù)：金屬管取0.03。摩擦阻力hf:煙囪阻力忽略不計(jì)，風(fēng)機(jī)應(yīng)抑制總阻力;h總=hi+hg+he+hf=35.19-10.6+233.6+10.8=268.99Pa11.3排煙風(fēng)機(jī)選型由上面的計(jì)算可知，Vg＝29966.34Nm3/h，這是標(biāo)況下的風(fēng)量。應(yīng)換算成實(shí)際狀態(tài)下的風(fēng)量，另還需考慮運(yùn)行時(shí)留有余地，取風(fēng)機(jī)余量系數(shù)1.3.那么排煙機(jī)選型風(fēng)量為：Vg1＝1.3×Vg×P0/P×273＋t/273＝67495m3排煙風(fēng)機(jī)應(yīng)具備的全風(fēng)壓為：H＝1.3×h總×＝347Pa11.4其他管路阻力計(jì)算：11水煤氣的流量為：2442.21m3/h，取水煤氣在總管中的流速為：8m/s，總管選用一根管子，那么總管的內(nèi)徑為：d==0.36m，根據(jù)市場(chǎng)上提供的供氣管尺寸，本設(shè)計(jì)總管內(nèi)徑取值：377mm。11汽化石油氣分管分組控制，共分20組6根，氣體在金屬分管中流速，根據(jù)經(jīng)歷數(shù)據(jù)取ω=10m/s，內(nèi)徑d=0.073m，分管內(nèi)徑取值：89mm11.4.3通往燒嘴的窯體共安裝了552個(gè)燒嘴，水煤氣支管總共有138根，而流速取ω=10m/s，內(nèi)徑d=0.05m?？紤]到在實(shí)際操作中有些燒嘴是關(guān)閉的所以分管內(nèi)徑取值：76mm。11助燃風(fēng)量Vα=2.8665×2442.21=7000.m3/h實(shí)際助燃風(fēng)量V=7000.6×273+20/273=7514m3/h=2.08m3/s1.助燃風(fēng)總管內(nèi)徑確實(shí)定助燃?xì)庠诳偣苤械牧魉贋椋害?5m/s，助燃風(fēng)管總管選用一根管子，那么總管的內(nèi)徑為：d==0.4m，總管內(nèi)徑取值：由于該窯爐較長，所以前局部主管取500mm2.窯頂、窯底分管內(nèi)徑確定全窯共設(shè)置了4組分管，分布在上下左右各一根，流速均?。害?8m/s，d==230mm，分管內(nèi)徑取250mm3.助燃風(fēng)管通往燒嘴的管路管徑燒嘴共552個(gè)燒嘴，取流速為ω=10m/s，d==33mm，取支管直徑：42mm。11.4.5冷卻帶風(fēng)管計(jì)算冷卻帶鼓入冷風(fēng)總量為44949.51緩冷風(fēng)量V=44949.51，取ω=18m/s緩冷總管：d==869mm取緩冷總管內(nèi)徑：1000mm和800mm緩冷支管：共設(shè)置了〔17個(gè)抽風(fēng)口，17根抽風(fēng)支管〕D==209mm取緩冷分管內(nèi)徑：300mm急冷風(fēng)管尺寸計(jì)算急冷風(fēng)量V=14983.17，取ω=12m/sd==408mm，取急冷主管徑為450mm。共2根分管，d==204mm。取急冷分管為250mm。共48支支管，d==4.25mm。根據(jù)實(shí)習(xí)經(jīng)歷，取內(nèi)徑76mm的快冷支管?？炖滹L(fēng)管尺寸計(jì)算快冷風(fēng)量V=29966.34，取ω=12m/sd==628mm，取快冷主管內(nèi)徑700mm。共2根支管，d==314mm，為了是風(fēng)量大，流速快，本設(shè)計(jì)采用放大支管的尺寸，取450mm。共78根支管，d==4.02mm，根據(jù)實(shí)習(xí)經(jīng)歷，本設(shè)計(jì)采用89mm的快冷管。11.4.8風(fēng)機(jī)型號(hào)本設(shè)計(jì)所采用的風(fēng)機(jī)型號(hào)如下表所示：位置數(shù)量流量m3/h配用電機(jī)型號(hào)功率KW一級(jí)排煙風(fēng)機(jī)212000130Y9-38型爐用引風(fēng)機(jī)二級(jí)排煙風(fēng)機(jī)800090Y9-38型爐用引風(fēng)機(jī)一級(jí)助燃風(fēng)機(jī)210555759-26型高壓離心風(fēng)機(jī)二級(jí)助燃風(fēng)機(jī)28000559-26型高壓離心風(fēng)機(jī)急冷風(fēng)機(jī)2180001109-26型高壓離心風(fēng)機(jī)余熱風(fēng)機(jī)250000132Y9-38型爐用引風(fēng)機(jī)直冷風(fēng)機(jī)239122559-26型高壓離心風(fēng)機(jī)軸流風(fēng)機(jī)241.1T-30-型軸流式通風(fēng)機(jī)12燒嘴選型12.1每個(gè)燒嘴所需燃燒能力由熱平衡計(jì)算中可知，每小時(shí)水煤氣的消耗量為2442.12.3m3，考慮到燒嘴的燃燒穩(wěn)定性，取安全系數(shù)K=1.5，那么，實(shí)際燒嘴消耗的水煤氣量為2441.12×1.5=3663.18m3，全窯共用552個(gè)燒嘴，所以，每個(gè)燒嘴的燃燒能力為：3663.18/552=6.64m3/h。12.2選用燒嘴應(yīng)注意的原那么燒嘴的選用能適應(yīng)和滿足生產(chǎn)需要即可，應(yīng)盡量防止不必要的浪費(fèi)。其次，選用燒嘴必須和燒嘴的使用結(jié)合起來，在規(guī)定的負(fù)荷內(nèi)保證火焰的穩(wěn)定性，即不要脫火也不要回火，并要保證在規(guī)定的條件下燃料完全燃燒。12.3燒嘴選用根據(jù)上述原那么和查詢?cè)O(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)得：本設(shè)計(jì)選用的燒嘴是WDH—TCC2型高速燒嘴，該燒嘴的特點(diǎn)：WDH-TCC型

適用燃?xì)猓阂夯瘹?、天然氣、焦?fàn)t煤氣、轉(zhuǎn)爐煤氣，也可以燒干凈的水煤氣、混合煤氣等；

燃燒完全，燃燒效率在99.9％以上，節(jié)能可達(dá)5％；

燃燒器噴射速度高，噪音小、不回火、不脫火；

爐堂內(nèi)溫差小(±1.5～5℃)；

抑制了因燃?xì)庵泻褂?、雜質(zhì)、液態(tài)烴導(dǎo)致的火焰不穩(wěn)定、結(jié)焦、堵塞現(xiàn)象；

火焰長度、火焰錐角及火焰形狀可按用戶要求設(shè)計(jì)；

燃燒充分，不冒黑煙，燃燒產(chǎn)物中污染物少，低于國家環(huán)保局規(guī)定的各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)；

可根據(jù)用戶要求安裝自動(dòng)點(diǎn)火、火監(jiān)控、燃燒控制、窯爐溫度控制等自控產(chǎn)品。WDH—TCC2型高速燃燒器技術(shù)性能參數(shù)：型號(hào)熱負(fù)荷x104kcal/h燃?xì)鈮毫χ伎諝庾罡邷囟攘髁縉m3/h壓力Pa溫度風(fēng)量FSTYTCC115101.20.51500-3500常溫-350121800TCC2210202.4124TCC4420404.824813工程材料概算13.1鋼架構(gòu)造所用鋼材用量概算：材料名稱長度/米規(guī)格方管2275.85□80×40×3方管2005.742□60×40×3方管616.68□40×40×3方管543.66□75×75×3方管1093.78□75×50×3方管855.76□100×50×3方管316.88□25×25×2.5方管91.9□50×50×2.5槽鋼73.4416#槽鋼203.6618#槽鋼113.2220#圓鋼1050.6Φ8角鋼2453.7∟40×40×313.2鋼板用量概算：品名面積平方米規(guī)格鋼板4632129×40×8鋼板1124250×40×20底板1441540×550×1.8鋼板739◢120×120×6鋼板356250×50×20底板801650×550×1.8底板1441650×440×1.8底板4161700×440×1.8底板81700×550×1.8底板2641425×550×1.8底板241425×550×1.8頂板241.8×1120×1430側(cè)板40〔20+470〕×1090×1.8鋪頂＼底鋼板201260×1120×1.8鋪頂＼底鋼板40795×1120×1.813.3耐火材料概算：編號(hào)名稱材質(zhì)規(guī)格比重?cái)?shù)量1P=1050普通棉毯δ=20γ=0.0961376.5平方米2吊頂磚高鋁聚輕球255*115*108γ=0.89828塊3T3標(biāo)磚漂珠磚γ=0.8499255塊4P=1050硅酸鋁棉板1147*530*25γ=0.28556塊5P=1050硅酸鋁棉板1147*500*25γ=0.28556塊6孔上磚高鋁聚輕球460*114*65γ=0.81672塊7棍孔磚重質(zhì)高鋁249*100*120γ=2.451695塊8T3標(biāo)磚高鋁聚輕球230*114*65γ=0.89720塊9事故孔過橋磚高鋁聚輕球460*114*65γ=0.81431塊10事故孔塞磚高鋁聚輕球160*125*115γ=0.8614塊11大塊磚高鋁聚輕球460*230*65γ=0.83838塊12拱頂磚2高鋁聚輕球230*250*65.5/60γ=1.027972塊13拱腳磚3高鋁聚輕球88*230*261.8γ=0.83524塊14拱腳側(cè)磚高鋁聚輕球143*208*290γ=0.8218604塊16P=1050普通氈1147*350*50γ=0.22328塊17P=1050普通氈1147*400*50γ=0.22328塊18P=1260背襯板1147*150*25γ=0.3112塊19噴槍磚墊磚莫來石JM26230*115*20γ=0.81424塊20噴槍磚高鋁磷酸鹽160*160420γ=2.8491塊21觀察孔塞磚JM26莫來石Φ65*160γ=2.1412塊22觀察孔內(nèi)套JM26莫來石Φ55/41*180γ=2.1412塊23孔下磚高鋁聚輕球460*230*65γ=0.82468.4塊24P=1400含鋯棉毯δ=20γ=0.12822平方米25P=1400高鋁棉毯δ=20γ=0.12881平方米26珍珠巖珍珠巖δ=3013.6塊27噴槍磚過橋莫來石JM26320*146*65γ=1.51008塊28T3標(biāo)磚莫來石JM26230*114*65γ=0.821300塊致謝本次設(shè)計(jì)及說明書的撰寫是在指導(dǎo)教師的細(xì)心關(guān)心，指導(dǎo)下完成的。幾個(gè)月來，教師時(shí)刻關(guān)心設(shè)計(jì)的進(jìn)展和論文進(jìn)度，在設(shè)計(jì)與說明書撰寫上傾注了大量的心血，對(duì)期間遇到的問題仔細(xì)分析，耐心指導(dǎo)。四年的大學(xué)生活即將完畢，對(duì)于經(jīng)過了緊張忙碌而即將獲得成功和喜悅的畢業(yè)生來說，畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的成果和每一個(gè)日日夜夜將永遠(yuǎn)留在我的記憶里。最后，我們所取得的所有成績都與關(guān)心我們的各位教師有著密切的關(guān)系，在此我衷心感謝指導(dǎo)老師蔣教師以在即將畢業(yè)走向社會(huì)之際，感謝母校四年的培養(yǎng)，感謝熱工系四年的關(guān)心,感謝所有教師四年的尊尊教誨。參考文獻(xiàn)[1]胡國林?建陶工業(yè)輥道窯?.北京.中國輕工業(yè)出版社.1998年[2]劉振群?陶瓷工業(yè)熱工設(shè)備?.武漢.武漢工業(yè)大學(xué)出版社.1998年[3]王淮邦?耐火材料工藝學(xué)?第二版.北京.冶金工業(yè)出版社.1993年[4]宋瑞?現(xiàn)代陶瓷窯爐?.武漢.武漢工業(yè)大學(xué)出版社.1996年[5]郭海珠?建材工業(yè)信息?.中國期刊網(wǎng).1994年06期[6]蔡悅民?硅酸鹽工業(yè)熱工技術(shù)?.武漢.武漢工業(yè)大學(xué)出版社.1995年[7]李家駒?日用陶瓷工藝學(xué)?.武漢.武漢工業(yè)大學(xué)出版社.1998年[8]胡國林?窯爐砌筑與安裝?.景德鎮(zhèn)陶瓷學(xué)院教材.1992年[9]胡國林?意大利唯高公司FRW2000型輥道窯構(gòu)造性能分析?.陶瓷1990[10]中國硅酸鹽學(xué)會(huì)陶瓷分會(huì)建筑衛(wèi)生陶瓷專業(yè)委員會(huì)?現(xiàn)代建筑衛(wèi)生陶瓷工程師手冊(cè)?.北京.中國建材工業(yè)出版社.1998年[11]陳帆?現(xiàn)代陶瓷工業(yè)技術(shù)裝備?.北京.中國建材工業(yè)出版社.1999年外文翻譯ThestudyofchinasilicateindustrykilndevelopmentsituationandsurveyedThekilnthermaltechnologyoftheforeignceramicindustryhadbeentothebeginningoftheseventiessincetheendofthefiftiesofthe20thcentury,withthechangeofthefuelstructure,namelyturnfromfiringcoal,heavyoil,etc.tonaturalgas,liquefiedpetroleumgasandlightoil,etc.,havingrealizedthreeofthethermaltechnologytofthekilnisbrokenthroughgreatly:(1)Theinventionanduseofthemouthinadjustthetemperatureandatahighspeed;(2)Massuseofnew-type,advancedrefractorymaterialandthermalinsulator;(3)Adoptionoftheaccurateandperfectautomaticcontrolsystem.Onthebasisofthesethreemajortechnologicalbreak-through,produceanddevelopregardpushingakilnofboardkiln,rollerascontinuouskilnoftypehomeworkrepresentative,regardtheshuttlesloomtypekiln(drawerkiln),highcapkiln(clockcoversthekiln)asthekilnsallofnewgenerationofkilnrepresentativesofintermittencetypehomework.Withthereformandopening-upofChina,begantointroduceabatchofadvancedkilnequipmentfromforeigncountriessincetheeightiesoflastcentury,introducedcorrespondingthermaltechnologyatthesametime.Withtheintroduction,deepeningofthereformandopenenlargementoftheequipmentandtechnology,thefundamentaltransitionhastakenplacetooinpeople'sidea.Becauseofthetransitionoftheeconomicsystem,thedemandtoceramicindustryandkiln,"highyield"followedinthepasttoo,high-quality"isitpursue"high-quality,lowconsumption,highyield,,flexible,green"moreadaptivetomarknewadayineconomicsystemtochangedirectiongraduallybylowconsumption.Ceramickilnthermaltechnologytheoryworkersofourcountryhavemadeone'sowncontributionfortheprogressofthethermaltechnologyofkilnofourcountrytoo.Threwoneselfintoandintroducedthedigestionoftheequipmentandtechnology,suckingindustryactivelysincethebeginningoftheeightiesoflastcentury,andlateronmodeling,innovations.Theyhavelearntandmasteredthetechnologyofthecomputersoon,thenonthebasisoforiginalwork,experimentalstudyandnumericalsimulationofthemathematicsmodeloflaunchingmathematicsanalysisandresearching,physicalmodelatthesametimearestudied,havemadelargequantitiesofvaluableachievementswithhigherlevelinthemanyaspectsThroughtheresearch,makepeoplehaveadeeperknowledgeofthermaltechnologycourseinthekiln,havesomenewunderstandingtoseveralimportantproblemsamongthem.Theimprovementoftheseconcreteachievementsandunderstanding,havegreaterdirectivesignificancetodevelopmentofthermaltechnologyandprogressofstructureofthekiln,homework,exertafar-reachinginfluence.Ontheoreticalresearchofthermaltechnology,technologyimportandfoundationthatisdevelopedindependently,everykilncompanysuccessivelydeveloped,developedalotofoutstandingindustrialkilnsofpottery,havinghadnewer,deeperunderstandingtosometechnologicalquestions,andindustrialcirclehasreachedcommonunderstandingbasicallyinthekiln.Sincethereformandopening-up,throughuntiringeffortsofageneration,owntoisitbegintotakeshapetoformourcountryhave,engineeringlevelhighformingacompletesetcompleteceramickilnindustrybasically,arollerandonedishofkilns,thekilncartypetunnelkilnandshuttlesloomtypekilnreachesorclosetotheinternationalmostadvancedlevelof1990sonlyinthemainkilntype.Now,itcanbethedomesticceramicbuildinghygienepotterythattheindustryofceramickilnofourcountrynotmerelypassesonly,dailypottery,electromechanicalceramics,electronicpottery,etc.)thetradeoffersthehigh-qualitykilnformingacompletesettoequip,andcanalsooffersomeindustrystovesforsuchtradesaschemicalindustry,metallurgy,environmentalprotection,etc.toequip,andexporttheabilityequippedinthesekilnsonly.Inthepast20years,theceramickilntechnologicalprogressandforminganddevelopmentoftheindustryofceramickilnofourcountryhavehaddaytoseealtogether,andtheonethatpraiseforcommonpeople.Motiveforcethattheindustryofceramickilnformsanddevelopsisstatebasicpoliciesofreformandopening-up,buildinghygieneceramicgreatdevelopmentoftrade,foreignadvancedpersonequipandintroductionoftechnology.Throughtheeffortsofentrepreneurs,engineersandtechniciansandthewholetradestaff,justformthesituationoftoday.Itishard-won.So,weshouldtreasureit,andmakejointeffortstosafeguardit,inordertoimpelittogetgreaterdevelopmentTakethisopportunity,wanttotalktoprospect,etc.onsomeviewsandsuggestionsonceramickilnthermaltechnologytheoreticalresearchandthedevelopmentlevelsoftechnologicaldevelopment,ceramickilnofChina,inordertoexchangeandlearnfromeachotherwiththeceramicacademiaofChinaandforeigncountriesandindustrialcircle.Aceramickilnofthermaltechnologytheoreticalresearchesandprogressoftechnologicaldevelopmentwereviewtothesetheoryresearchworkandtechnologicaldevelopment,sumup14questionitnow,theneverycommentandlookintothedistance.Inlast20yearsoflastcentury,theceramickilnthermaltechnologytheoreticalresearchandtechnologicaldevelopmentofourcountryroughlyconcentrateonsomefollowingrespects:1adoptmorebrightnakedtoboilthecraftflame.Burnresultwithkeepintouchdirectlybyproducts,hottoexchangeabundant,itisevenforproductstoheat,canrealizethelowtemperatureisburntquickly.2itisfire-resistanttoadoptthelowheatconductionrate,lowandregenerativelightqualityorthermalinsulator.Kilnwallandkilncarrystepbodyusefire-resistantfibberinalargeamount,kilncarisitisitadoptlightquality,lowregenerativematerialandreasonablestructuretobuildtolinewith,thereforemakekilnrise,isitfast,keepwarmkindtolowerthetemperature,kilnbodysurfaceandcarthreetemperaturelow,dispeltheheatandregenerativeandlack,thusreducedenergyconsumptiongreatly.3kilnthoraxspacestructure,sectioncounts4cleanfuelofadoptingnaturalgas,liquefiedpetroleumgasorlightdieseloiletc.,selectforuseatahighspeedisitcookmouthtoadjustthetemperature,isitassign,divideintogroupscontrolstrengthfirsttypesetupthesystemofburningrationallytoadopt.Isitcookmouthisitgiveventtoangerbodyspeedcangreaterthan100m/s,flowheavyqualityhave,itisviolenttostirtogushouttoadjustthetemperatureatahighspeed,beingadjustable,temperaturestrengthenkiln,especiallylowmiddletemperatureconvectionofpiecechangehotlygreatly,makekilnproductsheatextremelyeven,boilcycleisveryshort.5theautomaticcontrolinsuchparametersasthetemperatureofthekiln,pressure,atmosphereandflow,etc.isgenerallycontrolledownwiththecomputer,andadoptmoreadvancedcontrolalgorithms,forexamplemanyvariablesarecontrolledfuzzily(FC,FuzzyControl),combinePcontrolalgorithm,workerofD,throughcomputer,fuzzycontroller,canprogrammethecontroller(PLC)andintelligenceinstrument,realizehigh-accuracyautomaticregulation,controlandmanagement.Keypositionofcontrolsystemselectforuseenterdayequipmentmorestill,inordertoensurekilnturnroundanddependabilitythatusefully,makeitrepairexpenses3lowerbyalargemargin,thusreducetheoperatingcostofthekilnnottomaintain.6disposethereasonableventilationworksystem.Meetjobrequirementsofkiln,makesureventilatorandpipenetworkgoodtomatchinanall-roundway,thusreducedtheconsumptionoftheelectricenergy.Thekilnpassesinandoutthetuberpipeandadoptsmorestainlesssteelmaterials.Havenotonlycanpreventthepollutionproductsincreasedtheservicelifeofthepipelinebutalso.7passinandoutkilnsystem,kilncarturnroundsystem,walkintocarriagereturnsystem,etc.adoptPLCrealizefull-automaticprocedurecontrolautomatically,thusreducedtheattendant'sintensitygreatly.Modernizedsecurity,facilityofwarningsystem,scientificchainproceduregrade,havealsoimprovedthesecurityanddependabilityoperatedinkilngreatly.8adoptadvancedcomputercontrolwithmanagementsoftwaremakingitbecomesimplyandhumanizingnottooperate,andbenefittheaccumulationandanalysisofthedataevenmore,andthenrealizethatmanagestothescientificprocessofthekiln.9thekilnassemblesthedegreeofmeltinghigh.Canallmakeintheworkshop,assembleatthesceneagain,thereforethecycleofconstructingisshort,andissuitedtothemodulusproducing.Andcanstonegetofourcountrytraditionalkilnthatpotteryisitspendtoboilthroughtherapiddevelopmentinrecentyearsandpromoteincontrastingfromintroductionoftheabove,unlessitistheownreachintointernationalmostadvancedlevel,itenteronthematureperiod,andcansteadyoneperiodofperiodinhigh-level"platform".Thereisstrongercompetitivenessowninenteringthekilnondayinthesekilns.Shouldincreasetheoutputofthesekilnsafewdaysago,popularizedrapidly,inordertoproducegreatereconomicbenefitsandsocialbenefit.Here,hopeChineseandforeignkilnuserfindoutaboutthistendency,andselectforusetoo.However,theprogressofscienceandtechnologyisendless.Moreoverthekilnandproducingandallbutalsohavingsomeobviousweakpointstochargetooafewdaysagoofourcountry,forexampleisitdisputemouthandrelevantburning,control,theoreticalresearchandrelativelyweaktechnologicaldevelopmentofcourseinthekilntocookastohighspeed.Isitdisputemouthandautomaticallycontrolledinstrument,regulator,etc.alsorelyonimportmainlytocook,remaintostrengthenthebasicresearchanddevelopmentinthisrespect.Shouldorganizesomekilnswithtacklingkeyproblemsofkeypart(burnthemouth,automaticinstrument,componentsandparts,etc.),realizeproductionforindustrialization,trytodomesticassoonaspossible,inordertoreplaceinto.Israelourcountrykilnproduceengineeringlevelandstrengththatchargeafewdaysago,owntocanorganizekilnexportinacompleteset.Shouldcapturemiddle-gradetowiththreeinternationalmarketofkiln,isitmarchtoadvancedinternationalmarketofkilntostriveforasmanyaspossible.Ceramickilnindustryisitchargeinone'sownrapiddevelopmentandmovetowardsamongtheprocessthatglobalizetoproduce,besidesscientificresearchandtechnologicaldevelopment,aquestioncan'tbeignored,thatisstandardization.Instandardizingbasicconstructionthis,shouldfirstdofinalizethedesignandworkdaysuchasspecification,kilnofstructurewell.Theneedofworkceramickilnisitchargeallcompanyallcommonparticipationofcolleagueanddowellhardtoproduce.Atpresent,thoughtheindustryofceramickilnofourcountryisownthroughtakingshape,andgetgreaterdevelopmentown,butthetotalamountofcompaniesleanstowardsmuch,thescaleisgenerallysmall,anddoesnotgenerallyhaveindependentscientificresearchstrength,technologicaldevelopmentabilityremainstoaddtooShouldperfectceramickilninsidestructureofindustryfurtherinthefuture,developadvantageenterprisethroughpropercompetition,formgreatandstrongleadingenterprisesprogressively,strengthentheresearchanddevelopmentabilityinsideenterprises.Tothedevelopmentoftechnology,shouldstrengthenindependentdevelopment,shouldpayattentiontothetechnologyimporttoo;Shouldcourttheadvancedperson,isinlinewithinternationalstandards,shouldstresspracticalresultstoo,ontheprinciplethatpractical,simple.Shouldalsostrengthenthecooperationwiththeuniversity,researchdesigningunitandunite,taketheroadto3-in-1combinationinvolvingproduction,teaching,research.Inaddition,itisthebuildingbrickstone"structures"inthepastthatthemodernceramickilnisfarfromown,andforalongtimeowntoturnelectricintointegrate,havehigh-techcomprehensivetechnologicalresultofcontent"cookintoamachine"onebyone.Installandusealargenumberofnewmaterialsandelectronicproductsonthekiln,relyononeself,Companyofkiln,itisimpossibleforstrengthtoresearchanddevelopandproducematerialandproductalltheseonly.KilnCompanythroughcooperatewithnumerousrelevantindustries,couldisitbuildtask,kilnofprojecttofinishonly.Theindustrycloselyrelatedtoindustryofceramickilnhasfuelchemicalindustries,burnequipment,refractorymaterial,ventilator,automaticinstrumentdevicefabricationindustry,etc..Shouldstrengthenandcooperatewiththeserelevantindustriesfurtherinthefuture,inordertoobtainthewin-winresult.關(guān)于中國硅酸鹽工業(yè)窯爐開展現(xiàn)狀與展望調(diào)研報(bào)告隨著燃料構(gòu)造的改變，國外陶瓷工業(yè)的窯爐熱工技術(shù)從20世紀(jì)50年代末開場(chǎng)至70年代初，即由燃煤、重油等轉(zhuǎn)向使用天然氣、液化石油氣和輕油等，實(shí)現(xiàn)了窯爐熱工技術(shù)的三大突破:eq\o\ac(○,1)高速調(diào)溫?zé)斓膭?chuàng)造和使用；eq\o\ac(○,2)新型、高級(jí)耐火材料和隔熱材料的廣泛使用；eq\o\ac(○,3)精細(xì)完善的自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)的采用。在這三大技術(shù)突破的根基上，產(chǎn)生并開展了以推板窯、輥道窯為連續(xù)式作業(yè)窯爐代表，以梭式窯、鐘罩窯為間歇式作業(yè)窯爐代表的全新一代窯爐。我國自上世紀(jì)80年代開場(chǎng)從國外引進(jìn)了一批先進(jìn)的窯爐設(shè)備的同時(shí)也引進(jìn)了相應(yīng)的熱工技術(shù)。隨著設(shè)備及技術(shù)的引進(jìn)、改革的深入、開放的擴(kuò)大以及經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的轉(zhuǎn)型，對(duì)于陶瓷工業(yè)及窯爐的要求，也由過去奉行的“高產(chǎn)、優(yōu)質(zhì)、低消耗〞逐漸轉(zhuǎn)向追求“優(yōu)質(zhì)、低耗、高產(chǎn)、靈活、綠色〞等更能適應(yīng)新的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的目標(biāo)。我國的陶瓷窯爐熱工理論工作者也為我國窯爐熱工技術(shù)的進(jìn)步做出了自己的奉獻(xiàn)。自上世紀(jì)80年代初就積極投身于引進(jìn)設(shè)備和技術(shù)的消化、吸收、仿制、創(chuàng)新工作。他們很快就學(xué)會(huì)并掌握了計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)，接著在原有工作的根基上，同時(shí)開展了數(shù)學(xué)分析研究、物理模型的試驗(yàn)研究和數(shù)學(xué)模型的數(shù)值模擬研究，在多方面取得了一大批有價(jià)值、水平較高的成果。通過這些研究，使人們對(duì)窯爐中的熱工過程有了更深入的了解，對(duì)于其中的假設(shè)干重要問題有了一些新的認(rèn)識(shí)。這些具體成果和認(rèn)識(shí)的提高，對(duì)于熱工技術(shù)的開展和窯爐構(gòu)造、生產(chǎn)作業(yè)的進(jìn)步有較大的指導(dǎo)意義，并產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。在熱工理論研究、技術(shù)引進(jìn)與自主開發(fā)的根基上，各窯爐公司先后研制、開發(fā)出許多優(yōu)秀的陶瓷工業(yè)窯爐，對(duì)一些技術(shù)問題有了更新、更深入的了解，并在窯爐產(chǎn)業(yè)界基本達(dá)成了共識(shí)。改革開放以來，經(jīng)過一代人的不懈努力，我國己經(jīng)形成了初具規(guī)模、技術(shù)水平較高、配套基本齊全的陶瓷窯爐產(chǎn)業(yè)，主要窯型一輥道窯、窯車式隧道窯和梭式窯均己到達(dá)或接近20世紀(jì)90年代國際先進(jìn)水平。現(xiàn)在，我國的陶瓷窯爐產(chǎn)業(yè)不僅己經(jīng)可以為國內(nèi)的陶瓷建筑衛(wèi)生陶瓷、日用陶瓷、電工陶瓷、電子陶瓷等)行業(yè)提供成套的優(yōu)質(zhì)窯爐裝備，而且還可為化工、冶金、環(huán)保等行業(yè)提供局部工業(yè)爐裝備，并己具有出口這些窯爐裝備的能力。近二十年來，我國陶瓷窯爐的技術(shù)進(jìn)步和陶瓷窯爐產(chǎn)業(yè)的形成與開展是有目