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MineGreenHui-qiTiandiScienceandTechnologyco.,Beijing100013,:Withtheminedevelopmentandutilization,themineenvironmentproblemsandsubordinategeologydisasterphenomenonitcauseshavebeenrevealedgradually,somealsoleadtoseriousresults.Therefore,thebalancedrelationof“resourcesmining-environmental-miningareasustainabledevelopment”isaveryimportanttopicofresourcedevelopmentinourcountryinthe21stcentury,named“greenmining”.Inaccordancewiththisbalancedrelationalminingareadevelopmentpattern,itiscalled“thegreenminingarea”patternofthesustainabledevelopment.Oneofit’scorecontentsistobeawareof“greenmining”.:Mineenvironment;Resourcesmining;GreenThebroughtforwardofthegreenNowadays,fossilfuelsstilloccupythedominantstationintheworld'senergystructure,asshowninFigure1.Butastheexpansionofindustrialproductionandadvancementoftheindustrialtechnique,thedemandforenergyisgrowing,atthesametimethefossilenergyresourceshavegraduallydepleted,andtheunrestraineduseoffossilenergyhasgivenrisetoincreasinglyseriousenvironmentproblems.

Fig.1.thesituationoftheworldAtpresent,theproblemsofenergyandenvironmenthave ethemajorfocusofglobalconcern,"sustainabledevelopment"has eacommonthemeintoday'sworld.Atthesametime,environmentalproblemsofminehavealsoattractedlargeconcernsandattentionoftheinternationalcommunity.Withtheincreasingdepletionoffossilenergyandthegettingworse,carryingouttheresearchofthetechnologyofthegreenmineintheminingarea,achievingacleanandefficientutilizationofenergy,thedevelopmentandutilizationofbiomassenergyhas eaglobalissue.Thefatherandtherepairofthezoologyinthemineareaisaninevitablerequirementintheminingindustryoftheworldminingarea,itwillbeaninevitableandimportantissueoftheenvironmentandthedevelopmentoftheworld.Greenmining"followstheeconomiccycleoftheprinciplesofgreenindustry,whichcoordinatestheformationofminingandtheenvironment,itisatechnologyofexploitationwhichachievesthegoalof"lowproduction,highefficiency,lowemissions".Greenmininginthecoalminingareaistheonlywayforthehealthydevelopmentofthecoalindustry,foritcanpreventorreducetheadverseenvironmentalimpactsfromcoalminingasmuchaspossible,soastoachievethebesteconomicandenvironmentalbenefitsintheexploitationofcoalresources.TheeffectandthemanifestationofthecoalCoalminingdestroyswaterFig.2.coalminingareasubsidenceinduceserioussoilThedestructionofwaterresourcecausedbythecoalminingismainlymanifestedintwoaspects.Ontheonehand,itisintheprocessofthecoalmining,becauseofman-madedrainageanddewateringmining,theformationofthehydraulicfractureofthenaturalaquifercoaldewateringwouldresultinthewaterlevel'sdropsignificantlyinalargeareaoftheground.Amajorminingareaofwatersupplydriedup,makingsurfaceofearthdry,thatwilldestroythenaturallandscape,thereductionofagriculturalproduction,whichcancauseseriousdesertificationandsoilsurface,showninFigure2.Ontheotherhand,theexploitationcausesthepollutionofsurfacewaterandgroundwater.Minewater,wasteheapleachingofwater,coalpreparationwastewatercontainingsuchascoal,rockfloursuspendedsolidsandsolubleinorganicsalts.Inwesternof,Huang-Huaiarea,theminewaterhassalinityhighly,andhigh-sulfurcoalmineintheSouth,mostlyofacidminedrainage.Dischargingthewastewaterintothesurfaceriver,seaandreservoirs,andotherswouldleadtomoreseriouspollutionofwaterresources,leadtotheearth'spoorandcausesvegetationpollutionintheminingarea,ithasalsoaffectedthesustainabledevelopmentofagricultureseriously.CoalminingresultsinthedestructionoflandThedestructionofthelandresourcescausedbythecoalminingaredisyedintwoaspects,ononehand,thesurfacesubsidenceandwastepressureaccountformainlyinthewellworksmining,ontheotherhand,thehurtandforeigndirectdugdumppressureaccountformainlyintheopen-pitmining,asshowninFigure3.AlargenumberofharmfulgasessuchasSO2,CO2,H2Sandnitrogencompounds,suchasdustwasdischargedduringtheprocessofthespontaneouscombustionofwasterock,whichwillpollutetheair,resultinacidrain,pollutewaterandland,inhibitingthegrowthofnts,endangeringhumanhealth.(a)landdamagecausedbygoaf (b)AnjialingopenpitminingFig.3.destructionofthelandresourcesinducedbythecoalProducethemassivevirulentnoxiousIntheundergroundorebed,therearemassivevirulentnoxiousgases,likeCH4,CO,CO2,SO,SO2,H2Sandsoon.Becausemines,looseandcarriesthemassivedustrowafterthemineventilationtotheatmosphere.Approximay10,000,000,000m3ofCH4isdischargedintotheatmospherefromthecoalminingeveryyearinourcountry,theemissionsdustapproximay400,000tons,notonlythisreasonhascausedtheseriousenvironmentalpollutionintheminingarea,asshowninFigure4.Moreover,thiswillleadtotheconsequencethathundredsofthousandsofpeoplemaygetpulmonarydisease.TraditionalmethodsofexploitationcreateecologicalandenvironmentalCoalminingcausesthemigrationofthestrata,itcausesthewaterandthegasflowingintherocklayerandcausescoalminegasaccidentandthesofwaterbursting.Atthesametime,thegasisdischargedintotheatmospherewhichwillproduceenvironmentalpollution.Coalminingimmediayinfluencesgroundwateroutflow,evencausesthelanddesertification.Accordingtothecalculations,thecoalminesthenationalaveragetoncoalwaterpriceis2t,northernregion10t,reaches47thigh,thecoalminediscementhasoccupiedthenorthernareakarstwaterresources19%,theusefactoronlyaccountfor30%.Coalminingcausestherocklayermigration,thencausessettlementofthesurfaceanddamageofthefarmlandandthebuildingfacilities.Accordingtothestatisticaldata,thedestructionwhichbecauseofthenationcoalminingoccupieslandof430,000hm2,pickstenthousandtonscoalcollapseland0.2hm2everytimeequally,everyyearincreasesthecollapseapproximay20,000hm2.Pilesupunderthebuilding,thewaterbodyandrailroad'scoalresourcereachestensofbillionsttobeunabletomine,thecauseminepitdiscardsaheadoftime.Coalminingformsbulkdepositionsingroundgangue,bothtakesthefertilefarmland,andcausestheenvironmentalpollution.Alreadyaccumulatedgangue3,000,000,000t,andwasincreasedeveryyearstillby1.5~200,000,000tties.Inthenational1500hillockshas140inthespontaneouscombustion,totheatmosphere,thelandandtheenvironmentcausestheseriousAlongwithourcountryminepitminingdepth'sunceasingincrease,thefrequencywhichpowerdisastersandsoonundergroundpressureappearanceandimpactgeostaticpressureoccurincreases,theintensityincreases,endangerstheminepitthesafetyinproduction.Fig.4.coalmininginduceaircoalresourcegreenminingtechnologyProtectwaterminingThegoalofprotectwaterminingistobeconsciousofwaterresourcesprotectionduringthepreventionandcontrolofwaterinrush,carryingonconsciousprotectionofwaterresourcestomakethedisturbancetothehydrologicalenvironmentofcoalminingofminingdisturbancelessthanthecapacityofregionahydrologicalenvironment.Researchafterminingtheoverburdenbreakingruleandthegroundwatefunnel'sformationmechanism,aswellasundereachgeologicalconditiontheminingperiodrocklayeactivityandtheundergroundwaterpercolation'sFromallminingmethodsandgroundgroutinmeasures,etc.,realizingtheminepitwaterresourcesprotectionandthecomprehensiveutilization.Ensuretheselectionofminingareasisareasonabletoremainsuitablesupposesthewaterproofing(granulatedsubstance)thecoal(crag)thecolumnandtheapplicationreasonablemethodofexploitation.MeasurestoreducetheBackfillThebackfillminingisbackfillthemininggoalsbyuseingtheforeignmaterials,includingthescoopuplastbitofwatergranulatedsubstancebackfill,thewastefillingandsoon.BandingStripminingiscurrentlyunderthecontrolofthebuildingofsurfacecoalminingsubsidence,whichismostwidelyused.Bandingminingiscurrentlythemaintechnicalwaytocontrolthesurfacesubsidencewhencoalminingunderthebuildinginourcountry.Andthetechnicalwayiswidespread.Thebandingminingprincipleisthecoalbedwhichmustminedividesthequiteregularbandingtocarryonmining,picksone,andkeepsone,thebandingvirgincoalsupportoverburdenwhichtheuseretains,thusthereducedcaprocksettlement,controlsthesurfacethemigrationandthedistortion,servesthegroundprotectionpurpose.DelaminationOnthegentlyinclinedanglethickcoalseam,usingthewayoftiltedlayeredmining,layeredsubminingprogramscanreducetheimpactofground-levelstructuresfromthesurfacesubmersion,whenweslicemining,weshouldcontrolthethicknessofeachstratified,SothatthedeformationofthesurfacecausedbytheexploitationdoesnotexceedthesurfacedeformationCoordinatedWhenminingthickcoalseam,weshouldhaveareasonabledesignthespacingofminingofvariousworkingsurfaces,themutualpositionandtheminingsequence,causetoachieveacounter-balanceorapartcounter-balancemutuallyoftheminethesurfacewhichacoalbed(workingsurface)producestodistortandminethesurfacewhichanothercoalbed(workingsurface)producestodistort,inordertoreducethemining-inducedsurfacedeformationtoachievethegoalofprotectthegroundbuiltstructures.Thistechnologymustmaintaincertainwrongdistance,thereforeitisdifficulttoorganizeproduction.Overburdenrock'sabscissionlayernotethickThetechnologyofoverburdenrock'sabscissionlayerbelthighpressurenotethickliquidtoslowdownthesurface'ssubsidenceisDrillingthroughthegroundtothetopofmined-outareaofseparationofoverlyingstratawithhigh-pressureinjectionofliquidfillingmaterial,totakecontrolofthesubsidenceofoverlyingstrata,soastoachievesthegoalofcontrolthesurfacesubsidence.CoordinatedminingofcoalsandAccordingtothedifferencesoftheminemethodofcoalbedmethane,thesourceofthepressureofgas'sandtheminemethodofthepressuregas,wehaveconstructedthetechnicalsystemchartof“atotalofcoalandcoal-bedmethanemining”,asshowninFigure5.TheprocessingofthegangueinthegrounddrillinggoafdrainageofnotcoalminingrelieftechnologysystemofcoalandgascoordinateOneproblemofgreenminingistheprocessingofthemineshaftgangue.Thefirststepistostrengthenthemaintenancetechnologyofthecoallane,soastocreatelessornowasterocks.Withtheincreaseoftheminingdepth,rocksLane'sdiggingwillbeinevitable,thereforetheganguewillnotbetakenoutofwells,itcanbeusedasfillingmaterial.Thus,thereisatechnologyandthesystemquestionaganguedown-theholetreatmentunderground,thekeyisthegrounddrillinggoafdrainageofnotcoalminingrelieftechnologysystemofcoalandgascoordinatepressurepressurereliefgasimprovethegasrecoveryration;reduceminegasemission;reducethecodtofmineventilation;eliminategasundergrounddrillingandroadwaydrainagegoafgasoverlyingfarcoalseamgasreliefnearbycoalseamgasreliefthecoalseamgasreliefmining-inducedgroundsurroundrockCMBCMBCMButilization,eliminateairFig.5.technologysystemofcoalandgascoordinateGasificationtechnologyofcoalThegasificationofthecoalundergroundisreferstotheprocessofobtaincombustiblegasatthecoalstoragesitesdirectly,Thatischangingsolidmineralsintogaseousfuelthroughthermo-chemicalprocessontheground,thenejectedatthegroundfromthedrillholetoon,supplyingtheusers.ItisakindofComprehensivegreenminingtechnology.ThesignificanceofthegreenminingintheminingTheexploitationofgreenminingrequirestheimprovementofthetechnologylevel.'scoalindustryhaven’tevenasawhole,followingthepathofextensivedevelopmentforalongtime,intensivelevelofproductionisverylow.Theexploitationandinnovationofmulti-dimensionalandmulti-anglearethenecessaryrequirementforGreenmining.Greenminingsystemsrequiretheefficientuseofproducts.Greenpeacedemandstheexploitationofresourcesinabroadwithintheframeworkofthecoalminingarea,water,coal-bedmethane,land,coalgangue,aswellasinothernearbydeposits,andotherresourcesavailable,weshouldminimizethenegativeimpactontheenvironmentwhileinthepursuitofthebesteconomicandsocialbenefitswhile.Thegreenminingrequestsacomprehensiveevaluationoftheenterprises,consideringtheecologicalenvironment.Exploitationofthelargegreenusesthewayofecologicalsystemtolookonandevaluatetheeconomicactivitiesofenterprises,toachievesustainabledevelopmentoftheecologicalsystem.Whichrequeststhemtopursuetheirowneconomicbenefits,italsorequeststhemtotakefullaccountofthesocialandenvironmentalbenefits.Intheearly1980's,ItwascalledintheUnitedNationsthat:itisnecessarytostudythebasicrelationsofthenatural,thesocial,theecological,theeconomicaswellastheprocessoftheuseofnaturalresources,soastoensurethesustainabledevelopmentoftheworld."Atthispoint,"sustainabledevelopment"causedwidespreadconcerninallwalksoflifeandidentityonaglobalscale,ourernmenthavealsoputthesustainabledevelopmentintotheAhenearfuture,theeconomiccycle(RecyclingEconomy)referstofollowthenaturalecosystemsofmaterialcirculationandenergyflowtofollowthelawofeconomicreconstruction,economicactivitieswillbehighlyefficientandorderlyorganizationasa"resourceutilization-thegreenindustry-renewableresources"closedMaterial-energycyclefeedbackprocesses,tomaintaintheeconomicproductionoflowquality,low-waste,sothattheimpactofeconomicactivityonthenaturalenvironmentdamagetoaminimum.Itisdifferentfromthetraditionaleconomyof"highproduction,highemissions,"buttoachievethegoalofsustainabledevelopmentwhichis"theexploitationoflow-andhighuse,lowemissions".Withthedevelopmentandutilizationofmines,environmentproblemsofminesandavarietyofsecondarygeologicaldisasterscausedbyithasgraduallyrevealed,andsomealsohavebroughtoutseriousresults.Asaresult,keethebalanceofrelationsofthe"exploitationofresources-environmentalprotection-theminingareaofsustainabledevelopment,"istheglobalissuesinexploitationofresourcefacingwithus,Itisthecoalresources"greenmining"thatinlinewiththebalanceofrelationsbetweentheminingareadevelopmentmodel,Itis"greenmining"whichisoneofthecorecontenttoachievea"greenmining."knownasthesustainabledevelopmentmodel.Greenminingintheminingareaistheonlywayforthedevelopmentofminingarea,itistheonlywaytoensurethesustainabledevelopment,ItisanewtechniquebenefitsforThenewtechnologyofgreenminingisboundtoachieveaharmoniousmineproduction,eventuallytoachievethegrandgoalofestablishingaharmonioussociety.[1]QianMinggao,XuJialin,MiaoXiexing.Coalminegreenminingtechnology.MiningIndustryUniversityjournal,2003,32(4):343-348.[2]AcademyofSciencesustainabledevelopmentgroup.modernizationprocessstrategydevises.Beijing:ScientificPublishinghouse,2002.QianMinggao.Greenminingconceptandtechnicalsystem.Coalscienceandtechnology,Huthousandcourtyards,LiangYunpei,LinFujin.Theworked-outsectiongassurfacedrillingpullsoutpickstheengineeringresearchtostudythe[J].coalbedtobemad,2006,gingerThualuu,GengDianming.“Thegreenminingarea”thepatternstudies.CoalEconomicalInstitutejournalbasedonthesustainabledevelopment,2001(4).opensprospers,LiDuo,ZhaoHua.Underthecoalminingconditionthegroundwaterresourcesdestroyandcontrol.ShijiazhuangEconomicalInstitutejournal,1996,(02).CuiXiminandsoon.Miningcausesthewater-bearingstratumdehydratestothesurfacesubmersioninfluence.coalfieldgeologyandtheexploration,in2000the5thissue.（天地科技，100013，中國“續(xù)發(fā)展”之間的平衡關系，是我國礦山資源開發(fā)過程中的一個非常重要的“綠色開采”的概念。這種被稱為“綠色礦區(qū)”可持續(xù)發(fā)展模式的內容之一便是要意關鍵字：礦山環(huán)境；資源開發(fā)；綠色開綠色開采技術的提如今，化石在世界能源結構中仍然占據(jù)主導地位，如圖1所示。為了擴大工業(yè)生油

石圖 目前，能源和環(huán)境問題已成為全球關注的主要焦點，“可持續(xù)發(fā)展”已成為世界的一個共同的。礦山環(huán)境問題吸引了大量相關學者的關注和國際社會的關注?；苊禾块_采與水資源破圖 煤炭開采所造成的水資源破壞主要表現(xiàn)在兩個方面一方面它是在煤炭開采過，因排水和脫水開采形成的，在煤炭開采過影響自然含水層水的賦存狀態(tài)，引起含水層水位下降、水流失、含水層破壞。而主要礦區(qū)的供水枯竭，導致地球表面干旱，嚴重圖2所示。另一方面，煤炭開采導致地表水和水的污染。礦井井下排水或生產(chǎn)用水中多含有重金屬或其它污染物，如選煤廢水中的煤、巖粉懸浮固體、可溶性無機鹽等物質。西部，黃淮地區(qū)，礦井水含鹽量高，含硫量高，南方大多煤礦排出的水則煤炭開采與土地資源破（a）煤礦開采采空區(qū)塌陷造成的損 圖 由煤炭開采造成土地資源的破壞，主要表現(xiàn)在兩個方面。一方面，煤礦開采或煤的大量煤矸石堆積在土地上，除了占用大量土地外，在煤矸石自燃的過，產(chǎn)生大量的酸雨會二次污染水和土地，抑制植物的生長，危害健康。煤炭開采產(chǎn)生大量的有害氣在煤礦開采過，會產(chǎn)生大量的有害氣體，如甲烷、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、二氧化硫、硫化氫等，并且在采礦過通過礦井通風也會有大量的粉塵