2020-2021高考英語閱讀理解綜合經(jīng)典題附詳細(xì)答案

一、高中英語閱讀理解1.閱讀理解Citytreesgrowfasteranddieyoungerthantreesinruralforestry,anewstudyfinds.Overtheirlifetimes,then,urbantreeswilllikelyabsorblessCqfromtheairthahforesttrees.Asweallknow,theearthwouldbefreezingorburninghotwithoutCO2.However,CO2isagreenhousegas,meaningittrapsenergyfromthesunas/heat.Thatmakestemperaturesnearthegroundrise.Humanactivities,especiallythewidespreadburning-offossil(化石)fuels,havebeensendingextragreenhousegasesintotheair.Thishasledtoariseinaveragetemperaturesacrosstheglobe.StudieshadshownforestsreadilyabsorbCO2,buttherehadn'tbeenmuchdataonwhethercitytreesgrow,dieandabsorbCO2atthesamerateasforesttreesdo.Sosomeresearchersdecidedtofindout.Tofigureouthowquicklytreesweregrowing,researcherstrackedtheirdiameters(thewidthoftheirtrunks)between2005and2014.Atree'sdiameterincreasesasitgrows,justasaperson'swaistsizeincreasesastheygainweight.Abouthalftheweightofatreeiscarbon,researchhasshown.Mostoftherestiswater.Overthenineyears'tracking,theresearchersfoundcitytreesabsorbedfourtimesasmuchcarbonfromtheairasforesttrees.However,theyweretwiceaslikelytodie.Sooverthelifetimeofeachtypeoftree,foresttreesactuallyabsorbedmoreCQ.Citytreesgrewfasterbecausetheyhadlesscompetitionforlightfromtheirneighbors.Inaforest,treestendtogrowclosetogether,shadingtheirneighbors.Streettreesalsobenefitfromhigherlevelsofnitrogen(氮)inrainwater.Nitrogenhelpsplantsgrow.Wastegasesfromgasburningcarsalsocontainnitrogen,thusenrichingcityairwithnitrogen.Later,rainwatermaywashmuchofittotheground.Somestreettreesmayalsohavebetteraccesstowaterthantreesinthecountrybecausetheundergroundwaterpipescanleak.WhatcanheknownaboutCO2fromparagraph2?Itisoneofthesideeffectsofgreenhouses.Itgreatlyacceleratestheprocessofglobalwarming.Itresultsfromthewidespreadburningoffossilfuels.Itpreventstheearthfrombecomingunsuitabletoliveon.Whydidresearcherstrackthediametersoftrees?A.Toknowabouttheirgrowthrates. B.Tofindouthowmuchtheyweigh.C.Tocheckwhethertheywerehealthy. D.Toassessthecarbonamountsinthem.Whatadvantagedocitytreeshaveoverforesttrees?Theyaremorelikelytoaccessgrowthpromoters.Theycanenjoymorewatercomingfromtheair.Theycanenjoymoreshadefromneighbors.Theyarebetteratcompetingforlight.Whatwillprobablybetalkedaboutifthepassageiscontinued?A.Howurbantreescanlivelonger. B.Whycitylivingmakestreesdieyoung.C.Howtreesrespondtodrysoilconditions. D.Whyfaster-growingtreesabsorbmore”.【答案】（1）DAA（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：與長在森林中的樹木相比，城市里的樹木長得更快，但死得更早。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的"theearthwouldbefreezingorburninghotwithoutCO2.〃可知，如果沒有二氧化碳，地球?qū)O冷或極熱?？梢酝茢?，二氧化碳可以防止地球變得不適合居住。故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的"Tofigureonhowquicklytreesweregrowing,researcherstrackedtheirdiameters.〃可知，研究人員監(jiān)測樹木的直徑是為了了解樹木的生長速度。故選A。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Streettreesalsobenefitfromhigherlevelsofnitrogen（氮）inrainwater.Nitrogenhelpsplantsgrow.Wastegasesfromgas-burningcarsalsocontainnitrogen,thusenrichingcityairwithnitrogen.Later,rainwatermaywashmuchofittotheground.〃可知，與生長在森林中的樹木相比，城市里的樹木長得更快是因為它們無需與鄰近的樹木爭奪光照，也能得到更多的氮量，還更容易得到水。光、氮和水都可以促進(jìn)樹木的生長。由此可以推斷，城市里的樹木比森林中的樹木更可能獲得生長促進(jìn)劑。故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。文章首句就提到了一項新的研究結(jié)果：城市里的樹木比森林中的樹木長得更快，但死得更早；文章第三段說到“以前有研究表明森林會吸收二氧化碳，但是城市里的樹木的生長、死亡和吸收二氧化碳的速度是否跟森林中的樹木一樣，這方面的數(shù)據(jù)不多。因此一些研究人員決定弄清楚〃；文章第四段再次介紹了他們的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：城市里的樹木比森林中的樹木長得更快，但死得更早；文章最后一段介紹了城市里的樹木比森林中的樹木生長得更快的幾個原因。由此可以推斷，文章接下來很可能就要介紹城市里的樹木死得更早的原因。故選B。【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。.閱讀理解AuniversityinNanjing,Jiangsuprovince,hasinstalledfacialrecognitionsystemsinclassroomstomonitorstudents'behavior,sparkingaheateddebateonline.ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversityrecentlyinstalledthesystemsintwopilotclassroomsaswellasschoolgates,dormitoryentrances,thelibraryandlaboratorybuildings.XuJianzhen,directoroftheuniversity'slibraryandinformationcenter,toldTbePthatthesystemswillhelpteacherscheckstudentattendanceandmonitorbehaviorduringthelectures."Inthepast,somestudentsjustcheckedtheirattendanceandditchedtheclassoraskedotherstudentstochecktheattendanceforthem.Nowwithfacialrecognition,thatwouldnolongerbeaproblem,"hesaid."Themomentyouentertheclassroom,thecamerawillmonitoryouallthewaythroughandcantellhowlongyouloweryourhead,whetheryou'replayingwithasmartphone,whetheryou'redozingofforreadingotherbooks,"headded.ThenewshasraisedwidedebateonChinesesocialmedia,withmanyquestioningifthecameraswillviolatestudents'privacy.ASinaWeibousersaid:"Iopposesuchmethods,anditisnotclearwhetherthesystemsaredevelopedbytheschoolitselforbythirdparties.Ifitisthelatter,isthereanyregulationofsecurity?Wherewilltheinformationbesentandstored?"GanXiangsi,aseniorstudentfromtheuniversity,saidshewelcomedthesystemsbeingappliedindormitoriesandlibrariesasthiscanhelppreventpersonalbelongingsbeingstolen,butitisnotnecessarytousesuchtechnologyintheclassroom."Iftheteacherteacheswell，thestudentswillbeinterested,"shesaid."Onthecontrary,thiskindofmonitoringwillmakeeveryonefeelresistant."ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversityisnotthefirstuniversitytousefacialrecognitiontechnologyoncampus.Manyuniversitiesacrossthecountryhaveinstalledcamerasatcampusentrancestoensuresafety.Butmanyarealsohesitantwhenitcomestoapplyingsuchtechnologyinclassrooms."Thisissuehasbeendebatedforquitealongtime,"ChuZhaohui,aseniorresearcherattheNationalInstituteofEducationSciences,toldChinaNationalRadio.AccordingtoChu,teachersandstudentswhoareunderobservationmightnotbehaveastheynormallywouldsincetheyknowtheyarebeingwatched."Camerasshouldnotbeinstalledinclassroomsmerelyforeffectiveteachingpurposes,"Chusaid,asteachersarealsobeingobserved.Heagreedthat"students'privacyneedstobeprotected".Healsosaidthatnotputtingclassroomsundercontrolisanimportantprinciple."Ifyoudon'tfollowthisprinciple,studentswillfalsifyanddisguisetheirstateoflistening,andteachersmayalsonotperformaswell.Thenrealteachingwillnotoccur,"headded.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthefunctionoffacialrecognitionsystems?A.Tohelpcheckstudentattendance.B.Tohelpmonitorstudentbehavior.C.Tohelpensurestudentsafety.D.TohelpprotectstudentprivacyWhatdoestheunderlinedword"ditch"inparagraph2mean?A.abandonB.attendC.dislikeD.enjoyWhat'sChuZhaohui'sattitudetowardsinstallingcamerasinclassrooms?A.favorableB.indifferentC.unfavorableD.neutralWhat'sthewriter'spurposeofwritingthispassage?A.Tointroducethefunctionoffacialrecognitionsystems.B.Toexpresshispreferenceforfacialrecognitionsystems.C.Toexpresshisstrongdislikeforfacialrecognitionsystems.D.Tointroducepeople'sdifferentattitudestofacialrecognitionsystems.【答案】（1）DAC（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，介紹了江蘇省南京市的一所大學(xué)在教室里安裝了面部識別系統(tǒng)來監(jiān)控學(xué)生的行為，這在網(wǎng)上引起了激烈的爭論。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"XuJianzhen，directoroftheuniversity'slibraryandinformationcenter,toldTbePthatthesystemswillhelpteacherscheckstudentattendanceandmonitorbehaviorduringthelectures.”該校圖書館信息中心主任徐建振告訴TbeP，該系統(tǒng)將幫助教師檢查學(xué)生出勤情況，并監(jiān)控學(xué)生在課堂上的行為）排除A和B；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的"Manyuniversitiesacrossthecountryhaveinstalledcamerasatcampusentrancestoensuresafety/全國許多大學(xué)都在校園入口處安裝了攝像頭，以確保安全排除C。D選項"幫助保護(hù)學(xué)生的隱私〃不是面部識別系統(tǒng)的功能，故選D。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的"oraskedotherstudentstochecktheattendanceforthem.〃或者讓其他學(xué)生幫他們簽到。可知上文意思是過去，一些學(xué)生只是簽到，然后逃課。"ditch"的意思是放棄，拋棄，故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"'amerasshouldnotbeinstalledinclassroomsmerelyforeffectiveteachingpurposes,,Chusaid,asteachersarealsobeingobserved."不應(yīng)該僅僅為了有效的教學(xué)而在教室里安裝攝像頭，〃朱說，因為老師們也在被觀察。）由此推斷出，朱朝暉對在教室里安裝攝像頭持不贊成的態(tài)度，故選C。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的"AuniversityinNanjing,Jiangsuprovince，hasinstalledfacialrecognitionsystemsinclassroomstomonitorstudents'behavior,sparkingaheateddebateonline.〃江蘇省南京市的一所大學(xué)在教室里安裝了面部識別系統(tǒng)來監(jiān)控學(xué)生的行為，這在網(wǎng)上引起了激烈的爭論。可推斷出，作者寫這篇文章的目的是介紹人們對人臉識別系統(tǒng)的不同態(tài)度，故選D?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇社會現(xiàn)象類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。.閱讀理解Peoplewhosleepfewerthansixhoursanightaremorelikelytodieearly,researchersinUniversityofWarwickhavefoundinarecentstudy.Theydiscoveredthatpeoplewhosleptforlessthansixhourseachnightwere12%morelikelytodiebeforetheageof65thanthosewhoslepttherecommendedsixtoeighthoursanight.Theresearcherspointedoutthatpreviousstudieshadshownthatthelackofsleepwasassociatedwithproblemslikeheartdiseaseandhighbloodpressure.However,theresearchersalsofoundthatsleepingtoomuchwaslinkedtoanearlydeath.Thosewhosleptformorethanninehoursanightwere30%morelikelytodieearly,asanarticleinthelatestSleepsuggested.Thatdirectlycontradictsanotherpassageinthesamejournallastmonthsuggestingthatpeoplewhosleptfortenhoursorlongeranightweremorelikelytoliveto100.Thiswasthoughttobebecausepeoplewholivedintoextremeoldagewerehealthierandthereforesleptbetter.However,theauthorsofthelatestresearchcontradictedthisandsuggestedthatlongsleepwasasignofunderlyingillnessessuchasdepressionandlowlevelsofphysicalactivity.ProfessorFrancescoCappuccioattheUniversityofWarwicksaid:"Whileshortsleepmayrepresentacauseofill-health,longsleepisbelievedtorepresentmoreanindicatorofill-health."Healsomentioned:"Modernsocietyhasseenagradualreductionintheaverageamountofsleeppeopletake,andthispatternismorecommonamongfull-timeworkers,suggestingthatitmaybeduetosocialpressuresforlongerworkinghours.Ontheotherhand,theworseningofourhealthisoftenaccompaniedbyanextensionofoursleepingtime.""Consistentlysleepingsixtoeighthourspernightmaybegoodforhealth.However,whethertoachievethegoaldependsonvariousfactorssuchastheenvironmentaswellasmeasuresofpublichealthaimedatfavourablechangesoftheworkingenvironments,"ProfessorFrancescoCappuccioadded.WhatdidresearchersinUniversityofWarwickfind?Peoplewhosleepfewerthan6hourseachnightdiebefore65.Sleepingformorethan9hoursanightdoesgoodtoone'shealth.Sixtoeighthours'sleepcanbeappropriateforpeople.Peopleatanoldagearehealthierbecausetheysleeplonger.WhatisProfessorFrancescoCappucciomostlikelytoagreewith?Longsleepiswhatcausesourhealthproblems.Modernpeoplesleeplessbecausetheyworklonger.Ourhealthbecomesworsebecausewesleepless.Howlongwesleepdependsonoureducation.Whatdidtheresearcherthinkmayhelppeoplehavepropersleep?A.Socialpressure. B.Longerworkinghours.C.Extensionofsleepingtime. D.Changesofworkingenvironments.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.HowLongShouldWeSleep B.LongerSleepMakesBetterHealthC.TimetoSleepEarly D.TheImportanceofSleep【答案】(1)C(2)B(3)D(4)A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，每晚睡眠不足6小時的人死亡風(fēng)險更大。每晚睡6至8小時最合適。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的"Theydiscoveredthatpeoplewhosleptforlessthansixhourseachnightwere12%morelikelytodiebeforetheageof65thanthosewhoslepttherecommendedsixtoeighthoursanight."可知，研究者們發(fā)現(xiàn)，每晚睡眠不足6小時的人在65歲之前死亡的可能性比那些每晚睡足6至8小時的人高出12%。由此可知，每晚睡足6至8小時是比較合適的。故選C。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的"Modernsocietyhasseenagradualreductionintheaverageamountofsleeppeopletake,andthispatternismorecommonamongfull-timeworkers,suggestingthatitmaybeduetosocialpressuresforlongerworkinghours"可知，ProfessorFrancescoCappuccio認(rèn)為：現(xiàn)代社會中，人們的平均睡眠時間逐漸減少，這種模式在全職工作者中更為常見，這可能是由于長時間工作的社會壓力造成的。故選B。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Consistentlysleepingsixtoeighthourspernightmaybegoodforhealth.However,whethertoachievethegoaldependsonvariousfactorssuchastheenvironmentaswellasmeasuresofpublichealthaimedatfavourablechangesoftheworkingenvironments"可知，能否實現(xiàn)每晚睡足6至8小時這個目標(biāo)取決于環(huán)境的改變以及針對工作環(huán)境變化的公共衛(wèi)生措施等多種因素。由此可知，工作環(huán)境的改變是幫助人們獲得適當(dāng)睡眠的方法之一。故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。第一段點(diǎn)明研究結(jié)果：每晚睡眠不足6小時的人在65歲之前死亡的可能性比那些每晚睡足6至8小時的人高出12%。下文針對這一研究結(jié)果，分析了導(dǎo)致這種結(jié)果的原因，解決方法等。故第一段是中心段，其余各段都以此為中心展開。故選A?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。.閱讀理解Atonetimeoranotherinyourlifeyouhaveprobablydoneorigami,evenifitwasjustmakingapaperairplaneorsomethingmorecomplicatedlikeapapercrane.Thechancesarethatasyoudidit,youreflectedonhowinventivethistraditionalartis.Animals,boxes,flowers,boats:itallcanbecreatedfromasinglesquareorrectangularsheetofpapersimplybyfoldingit.Nocutting,nopasting.Butdidyoueverstoptothinkhowthesametechniquesmightbeappliedtoengineering?Equipmentthatcouldbeofrealpracticaluse?Origamimeetsthedemandforthingsthatneedtobesmallwhentransportedandlargewhentheyarrive,liketheeverydayumbrella.Infact,origami-inspiredcreationshavealreadyflowninspace;in1995,Japaneseengineerslaunchedasatellitewithsolarpanelsthatfoldedlikeamap.'It'snowmathematicallyproventhatyoucanprettymuchfoldanything,"saysphysicistRobertJ.Lang,whoquithisengineeringjobeightyearsagotofoldthingsfulltime.Lang,anorigamienthusiastsinceagesix,advisedaadvisedwell-knownearmanufacturerthebestwaytofoldanairbagintoadashboard.Heiscurrentlyworkingonaspacetelescopelensthat,ifallgoesaccordingtoplan,shouldbeabletounfoldtothesizeofafootballfield.Attheotherendofthescale,researchersarealsoworkingontinyfoldingdevicesthatcouldleadtobreakthroughsinmedicineandcomputing.There'snodoubtthatcomputersofthefuturemaycontaintiny,foldedmotorsorcapacitorsforfasterprocessingandbettermemory.Applicationsfororigamiengineeringgofurtherthanmanyofusmightimagine."Someday,"saysMIT'sErikDemaine,"we'llbuildreconfigurable（可重構(gòu)的）robotsthatcanfoldontheirown

fromonethingintoanother,likeTransformers.Toomuchlikesciencefictiontobetrue?Maybethoughyoucertainlywouldn'twanttobetagainstit."Whatdoweknowaboutorigami?A.Itconsumeslotsoftime.C.Itrequirescomplextechniques.B.Itinvolvesinterestingideas.A.Itconsumeslotsoftime.C.Itrequirescomplextechniques.B.Itinvolvesinterestingideas.D.Ithastodowithcuttingandpasting.Whichofthefollowingisanapplicationoforigami?Aspacetelescopelenscanbefoldedtothesizeofanumbrella.Asatelliteisequippedwithsolarpanelsandafoldedmap.Anairbagcanbebetterfoldedintoadashboardofacar.Afuturecomputercontainsmanyhugefoldedmotors.WhatisErikDemaine'sattitudetowardsorigamiengineering?A.Hopeful B.Doubtful. C.Disapproving. D.Ambiguous.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A.Entertainment. B.Culture. C.Education. D.Pop-science.【答案】(1)B(2)C(3)A(4)D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，折紙是一種具有創(chuàng)造性的傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)，而現(xiàn)在它已經(jīng)被應(yīng)用到技術(shù)工程領(lǐng)域，人們利用折紙原理創(chuàng)造出了很多可折疊的裝置。折紙工程將在很大程度上影響未來的醫(yī)藥、計算機(jī)和機(jī)器人行業(yè)。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的"Thechancesarethatasyoudidit,youreflectedonhowinventivethistraditionalartis.Animals,boxes,flowers,boats:itallcanbecreatedfromasinglesquareorrectangularsheetofpapersimplybyfoldingit.Nocutting,nopasting.“可知，折紙是一個具有創(chuàng)造性的傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)，我們不用裁剪或拼貼，只通過折疊就可以把一張正方形或者三角形的紙變成動物、紙盒、花、船等東西，由此推測折紙需要有創(chuàng)造性的和有趣的想法。故選B。(2)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Lang,anorigamienthusiastsinceagesix,advisedawell-knownearmanufacturerthebestwaytofoldanairbagintoadashboard.”可知折紙愛好者Lang向一位制造商建議了把安全氣囊折疊到儀表盤中的最佳方式。故選C。(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Applicationsfororigamiengineeringgofurtherthanmanyofusmight而38丘”可知ErikDemaine認(rèn)為折紙工程的應(yīng)用遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了我們的想象，由此可推測ErikDemaine對折紙工程的未來充滿希望。故選A。(4)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“in1995,Japaneseengineerslaunchedasatellitewithsolarpanelsthatfoldedlikeamap."；第三段中的“Lang,anorigamienthusiastsinceagesix,advisedaadvisedwell-knownearmanufacturerthebestwaytofoldanairbagintoadashboard.”；第四段中的“There'snodoubtthatcomputersofthefuturemaycontaintiny,foldedmotorsorcapacitorsforfasterprocessingandbettermemory.和第五段中的“‘Someday,‘saysMIT'sErikDemaine,/we'llbuildreconfigurable(可重構(gòu)的)robotsthatcanfoldontheirownfromonethingintoanother,likeTransformers.’可知衛(wèi)星，安全氣囊的折疊，未來電腦的發(fā)展和未來可重構(gòu)機(jī)器人，這些都和科學(xué)技術(shù)相關(guān)，故推測本文很有可能出現(xiàn)在報紙的科學(xué)板塊。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。.閱讀理解YellowstoneNationalParkistheflagshipoftheNationalParkServiceandafavoritetomillionsofvisitorseachyear.Theparkisamajordestinationforallmembersofthefamily.Bydrivingthegrandlooproad,visitorscanviewtheparkfromthecomfortoftheirvehicleandalsotakearestatoneofthemanyroadsidepicnicareas.Howmuchistheentrancefee?$25-Private,noncommercialvehicle;$20-Motorcycleorsnowmobile(winter);$12-Visitors16andolderenteringbyfoot,bike,ski,etc.Thisfeeprovidesthevisitorwitha7-dayentrancepermitforbothYellowstoneandGrandTetonNationalParks.A$50parkannualpassprovidesentranceforasingleprivatenon-commercialvehicleatYellowstoneandGrandTetonNationalParks.The$10InteragencySeniorPass(62andolder)isalifetimepassavailabletoU.S.citizensorpermanentresidents.Wherecanyoustay?InsideYellowstone,youcanchoosetostayinmodernorhistorichotelsandcabinsinsidetheparkliketheOldFaithfulInn,theworld'slargestlogstructure.Forthosewhowanttobealittleclosertonature,thereare12campgroundswitharangeofservicesfromprimitivepittoiletstoshowerandlaundryfacilities.There'salsoRVcampingwithandwithoutdumpingstations.StayingoutsidetheparkgivesyouuniqueOldWestexperiencesbutstillkeepsyouclosetoparkattractions.Ifyou'retakingaroadtriptoYellowstone,you'llwanttocheckoutourHotelsandCabinsOnTheRoadsection.Theentrancefeeslistedonthewebpagedon'tapplyto.A.temporaryresidentsintheUSA B.vehiclesinvolvingbusinessactivitiesC.visitorsoutofacertainagerange D.privatemotorcyclesandsnowmobilesWhatareyoulikelytoacquireintheOldFaithfulInn?A.Uniqueoldwestexperiences. B.Primitivepittoiletsandshower.C.Knowledgeoforiginofthepark. D.RVcampingwithdumpingsites.Wheredoesthepassageprobablycomefrom?A.Amagazine. B.Atextbook. C.Anotice. D.Atravelguide.【答案】(1)B(2)C(3)D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了黃石公園的門票以及可以選擇的住宿及游玩的地方。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“Howmuchistheentrancefee?”下分別列出了私家非商務(wù)車入園的價格，摩托車或雪地車（冬季）入園的價格以及16歲以上的人步行、騎自行車或帶滑雪板入園的價格，沒有涉及到商務(wù)車入園的價格。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)Wherecanyoustay?部分中的“InsideYellowstone,youcanchoosetostayinmodernorhistorichotelsandcabinsinsidetheparkliketheOldFaithfulInn,theworld'slargestlogstructure.”在黃石公園里邊，你可以呆在像theOldFaithfulInn這樣的旅館里，有現(xiàn)代的、歷史的旅館和小棚屋。，由其中的historic及morden可知，我們有可能從這些建筑中了解公園的起源。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷?？v觀全文可知，本文介紹了黃石公園的門票及游玩住宿的地方，并且主要是提供給大家一些信息，所以應(yīng)出自于與旅游指南。故選D。【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。.閱讀理解Thenewsocialrobots,includingJibo,Cozmo,KuriandMeccanoM.A.X.,bearsomeresemblancetoassistantslikeApple'sSiri,buttheserobotscomewithsomethingmore.Theyaredesignedtowinusovernotwiththeirsmartsbutwiththeirpersonality.Theyaresoldascompanionsthatdomorethantalktous.Timemagazinehailed（稱贊）therobotsthat"couldfundamentallyreshapehowweinteractwithmachines."Butisreshapinghowweinteractwithmachinesagoodthing,especiallyforchildren?Someresearchersinfavoroftherobotsdon'tseeaproblemwiththis.Peoplehaverelationshipswithmanykindsofthings.Somesayrobotsarejustanotherthingwithwhichwecanhaverelationships.Tosupporttheirargument,roboticistssometimespointtohowchildrendealwithtoydolls.Childrenanimate（賦予…生命）dollsandturnthemintoimaginaryfriends.Jibo,inasense,willbeonemoreimaginaryfriend,andarguablyamoreintelligentandfunone.Gettingattachedtodollsandsociablemachinesisdifferent,though.Today'srobotstellchildrenthattheyhaveemotions,friendships,evendreamstoshare.Inreality,thewholegoaloftherobotsisemotionaltrickery.Forinstance,Cozmotherobotneedstobefed,repairedandplayedwith.BorisSofman,thechiefexecutiveofAnki,thecompanybehindCozmo,saysthattheideaistocreate"adeeperanddeeperemotionalconnection...Andifyouneglecthim,youfeelthepainofthat."Whatisthepointofthis,exactly?Whatdoesitmeantofeelthepainofneglectingsomethingthatfeelsnopainatbeingneglected,ortofeelangeratbeingneglectedbysomethingthatdoesn'tevenknowitisneglectingyou?Thisshouldnotbeouronlyconcern.Itistroublingthattheserobotstrytoempathizewithchildren.Empathyallowsustoputourselvesintheplaceofothers,toknowwhattheyarefeeling.Robots,however,havenoemotionstoshare,andtheycannotputthemselvesinourplace.Nomatterwhatroboticcreatures"say"orsqueak,theydon'tunderstandouremotionallives.Theypresentthemselvesasempathymachines,buttheyaremissingtheessentialequipment.Theyhavenotbeenborn,theydon'tknowpain,ordeath,orfear.Robotthinkingmaybethinking,butrobotfeelingisneverfeeling,androbotloveisneverlove.Whatisalsotroublingisthatchildrentakerobots'behaviortoindicatefeelings.Whenthe

robotsinteractwiththem,childrentakethisasevidencethattherobotslikethem,andwhenrobotsdon'tworkwhenneeded,childrenalsotakeitpersonally.Theirrelationshipswiththerobotsaffecttheirself-esteem(自尊).Inonestudy,an8-year-oldboyconcludedthattherobotstoppedtalkingtohimbecausetherobotlikedhisbrothersbetter.Forsolong,wedreamedofartificialintelligenceofferingusnotonlysimplehelpbutconversationandcare.Nowthatourdreamisbecomingreal,itistimetodealwiththeemotionaldownsideoflivingwithrobotsthat"feel."HowarethenewsocialrobotsdifferentfromSiri?Theyareintendedtoteachchildrenhowtotalk.Theyaredesignedtoattractpeoplewiththeirsmarts.Theirmainfunctionistoevaluatechildren'spersonality.Theyhaveanewwaytocommunicatewithhumanbeings.InParagraph3Cozmoisusedasanexampletoshowthatthesocialrobots.aredeeplyconnectedwithhumanbeingsareunabletobuildarealrelationshipwithchildrenaresoadvancedthattheycanfeelthepainofhumanbeingsarenotgoodenoughtocarryouttheinstructionsofchildrenTheunderlinedphrase"essentialequipment"inParagraph4refersto.A.emotion B.pain C.fear D.thinkingWhichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?IntroductionP:PointSp:Sub-point(次要點(diǎn))C:ConclusionA.B.C.D.B.C.【答案】（1）D(2)B(3)A(4)B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，新的社交機(jī)器人與以往機(jī)器人不同，他們不僅比我們聰明還有他們的個性。時代周刊稱它徹底改變了我們與機(jī)器互動的方式。但是對這種改變有的科學(xué)家贊同而有很多人也很擔(dān)憂。

(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的"Thenewsocialrobots,includingJibo,Cozmo,KuriandMeccanoM.A.X.,bearsomeresemblancetoassistantslikeApple'sSiri,buttheserobotscomewithsomethingmore.”可知，新的社交機(jī)器人與像蘋果的Siri這樣的助理有相同之處，但比它們有更多功能；再根據(jù)第一段中的"Timemagazinehailed(稱贊)therobotsthat“couldfundamentallyreshapehowweinteractwithmachines.”可知，社交機(jī)器人徹底改變了我們與機(jī)器互動的方式，可以推知以一種新的方式與人們交流互動。故選D。(2)考查推理判斷。Cozmo是第三段的舉例，舉例肯定是用來證明本段或者其前邊的觀點(diǎn)的。本段的中心是“60壯^8attachedtodollsandsociablemachinesisdifferent,though/與洋娃娃相處與與社交機(jī)器相處是不同的；再根據(jù)第三段中的"Whatdoesitmeantofeelthepainofneglectingsomethingthatfeelsnopainatbeingneglected,ortofeelangeratbeingneglectedbysomethingthatdoesn'tevenknowitisneglectingyou?”你覺得忽略了機(jī)器人而難受，但是機(jī)器人并不會感覺被忽略，或者你感覺機(jī)器人冷落了你而難受但是機(jī)器人根本不知道它冷落了你，這些意味著什么呢？可知，社交機(jī)器人并不能真的跟小朋友建立感情。故選B。(3)考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第四段中的"Theyhavenotbeenborn,theydon'tknowpain,ordeath,orfear.Robotthinkingmaybethinking,butrobotfeelingisneverfeeling,androbotloveisneverlove.〃可知，社交機(jī)器人不知道疼，死亡或害怕。社交機(jī)器人的思維可能是在想，但是他們的感覺從來不是感覺，他們的愛也從來不是愛。這句話是證明劃線單詞所在句子的論點(diǎn)的，他們是會同情的機(jī)器，但是他們?nèi)鄙俑星?，?dǎo)致他們所謂的感情是假的。所以劃線單詞詞意為情感。故選A。(4)考查篇章結(jié)構(gòu)。分析文章內(nèi)容，第一段提出觀點(diǎn)：社交機(jī)器人改變了我們與機(jī)器互動的方式。第二段提出一些支持這一改變的專家的想法，第三段提出一些人對這一改變的擔(dān)憂，并且第三段后半部分以及第四段、第五段分別是這些人的三點(diǎn)擔(dān)憂。最后一段總結(jié)這一趨勢面臨的現(xiàn)狀。所以文章提出觀點(diǎn)后，分為支持和反對兩個觀點(diǎn)，反對方面又列出了三點(diǎn)擔(dān)憂，最后一段總結(jié)。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷，詞義猜測和篇章結(jié)構(gòu)三個題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。.閱讀理解Somethingsshouldjustbecommonknowledgebynow.TheEarthisn'tflat.Nope,yourhairandnailsdon'tgrowafteryoudie.TheholesatthetopofBicbiropensaretheresothat,ifyouswallowoneaccidentally,youcanstillbreatheandwon'tchoketodeath.It'sdebatablewhetherthatlastonethereiscommonknowledgeornot.AquickGooglesearchofthefact,rewrittenasaquestion,showsarticlesaddressingthispointgoingbackseveralyears,withthelatest(re)appearingjustthisweekoveronScienceAlerWesupposeit'soneofthosethingsthatcomeupfromtimetotime,likewhatwouldhappenifyouattackYellowstonewithanuclearweapon(notmuch,asitturnsout).IfyoujumpovertoBic'swebsite,undertheirFAQs(frequentlyaskedquestions),itquiteclearlystates:"ThereasonthatsomeBIC?penshaveaholeintheircapistopreventthecapfromcompletelyobstructingtheairwayifaccidentallybreathedin.ThisisrequestedbytheinternationalsafetystandardsISO11540,exceptforincaseswherethecapisconsideredtoolargetobeachokingrisk."That'sratherlovelyofthem.Inappreciationoftheirwanttonotkillofftheirmoreclumsycustomers,wethoughtwe'dshareafewmorerandomfactsaboutBicthatareprobablygoingtocomeupinapubquizoneday.Didyouknow,forexample,thateachBicballpointpencanproduceatleast2kilometers(1.2miles)ofinkbeforeitbeginstorunout?Infact,in2018,7,250kilometers(4,505miles)ofwritingtestsonsuchpenswerecarriedoutonballpointpens,gelpens(中性筆),androllerstomakesuretheyworkedtothehigheststandard.ThebestpartoftheBicsite,however,isthisrathercuriousfact:"100percentofpenballsaremadethroughahighly-controlledprocess."Asopposedtoahighlyuncontrolledprocess,involvingexplosionsandbouncycastlesandtotalchaos,wesuppose.WhydoestheauthormentionthecaseofYellowstone?A.Tolistthefacts. B.Toprovehispoint.C.Tocomparethetwosituations. D.Toemphasizetheimportanceofsafety.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"obstructing"inparagraph2mean?A.Block. B.Open.