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現(xiàn)代通信原理課件ChapterOne1IntroductionChapterOneWhy?InformationAgeInformationSuperhighway2Applicationmilitaryapplication;commonapplication;
ChapterOne3Whatisacommunicationsystem?Communicationsystemsisusedtotransmitinformation.1.1Introduction4Keyconceptionsorwords(1)Information;(2)Message;(3)Signal;(4)Waveforms1.1Introduction51JimesC.Maxwell(1864)2HeinrichHertz(1887)ClaudeE.Shannon(1948)4.Winner1.1Introduction6PerspectiveofcommunicationWireoptic-fiberandnetworkswireless1G->2G->3G->B3GWLAN;MIMOandMIMO-OFDM,UWB,optic–wirelesscommunication1.1Introduction7Whatmustbeconsideredwhenyoudesignacommunicationsystem?1.Selectionoftheinformation-bearingwaveform2.Bandwidthandpowerofthewaveform3.Effectofsystemnoiseonthereceivedinformation4.Costofthesystem1.1Introduction81.2DigitalandAnalogsourceandsystemThegenerationofcommunicationsystem9signalprocessorInanalogsystemitmaybeananaloglow-passfilter;Inhybridone,itmaybeanalog-to-digitalconverter(ADC)2)Functionofsignal-processingblockinhybridoneSourcecodingChannelcoding(addingparityandothers)3)FunctionofCarrierCircuitsmodulationFunctionoftransmitter101)
Classification:wireandwirelessWirechannelincludingtwisted-pairtelephoneline/Coaxialcables,waveguidesandfiber-opticcables
Wirelesschannelhavingair,vacuumandseawater2)Note:Thegeneralprinciplesofdigitalandanalogmodulationapplytoalltypesofchannels,althoughchannelcharacteristicsmayimposeconstraintsthatfavoraparticulartypeofsignalingChannel11Thereceivertakesthecorruptedsignalatthechanneloutputandconvertsittoabasebandsignalthatcanbehandledbythereceiverbasebandprocessor,andthenthereceiverbasebandprocessorestimatethesourceinformationandoutputtheestimationresultReceiver12Thegoalistodesigncommunicationsystemthattransmitinformationtothereceiverwithaslittledeteriorationaspossiblewhilesatisfyingdesignconstrainssuchasallowabletransmittedenergy,allowablesignalbandwidthandcost.Indigitalsystemmeasureofdeteriorationistakentobebiterrorrate(BER),whileinanalogsystemtheperformancemeasureisusuallytakentobethesignal-to-noiseratio(SNR)atthereceiveroutput.Summary131.2DigitalandAnalogsourceandsystemModelofanalogcommunicationsystem141.2DigitalandAnalogsourceandsystem
(modelofdigitalcommunicationsystem)151)Relativelyinexpensivedigitalcircuitsmaybeused2)Privacyispreservedbyusingdataencryption3)Greaterdynamicrangeispossible4)Datafromdifferentsourcesmybetransmittedoveracommondigitaltransmissionsystem2theadvantageofdigitalsystem1.2DigitalandAnalogsourceandsystem165)Noisedoesnotaccumulateinlong-distancesystemsbyrepeater6)Errorindetecteddatamaybesmall,eveninlargeamountofnoiseonthereceivedsignal7)Errormayoftenbecorrectedbytheuseofcoding2theadvantageofdigitalsystem1.2DigitalandAnalogsourceandsystem171)Morebandwidthisrequiredgenerally2)Sychronizationisrequired3.DisadvantagesofDigitalcommunication1.2DigitalandAnalogsourceandsystem181.2DigitalandAnalogsourceandsystem
(classificationofcommunicationsystem)accordingtophysicalpropertiesofinformation:Telephone/data/imageandsoon
accordingtofrequency:basebandtransmitting/bandpasstransmittingsystem
accordingtotransmittingmedium:wire/wireless
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