高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法虛擬語(yǔ)氣

虛擬語(yǔ)氣第一頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)。定義虛擬語(yǔ)氣〔theSubjunctiveMood〕表示說(shuō)話人的一種愿望、建議、命令(mìnglìng)、要求，有時(shí)是一種非真實(shí)的假設(shè)、料想，或是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的、與事實(shí)相反的愿望。陳述語(yǔ)氣〔theIndicativeMood〕用來(lái)陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)，或提出一個(gè)想法，有肯定、否認(rèn)、疑問(wèn)和感慨等形式。第二頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)。考點(diǎn)1.條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣(yǔqì)的用法/倒裝；2.名詞性從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣(yǔqì)的用法；3.幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語(yǔ)氣(yǔqì)的用法；4.虛擬語(yǔ)氣(yǔqì)與陳述語(yǔ)氣(yǔqì)的判定。第三頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)。主要形式(1)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的非真實(shí)條件句，謂語(yǔ)(wèiyǔ)動(dòng)詞形式如下：從句：過(guò)去時(shí)主句：would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形IfIwereyou,Iwouldaskourteacherforadvice.如果我是你的話，我就去請(qǐng)教老師了。(2)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的非真實(shí)條件句，謂語(yǔ)(wèiyǔ)動(dòng)詞形式如下：從句：過(guò)去完成時(shí)主句：would/should/could/mighthave+過(guò)去分詞IfIhadn’ttakenthewrongbus,Iwouldn’thavemissedthecontest.如果我沒(méi)有乘錯(cuò)車，我就不會(huì)不參加競(jìng)賽了。第四頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)。(3)與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反(xiāngfǎn)的非真實(shí)條件句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式如下：從句：過(guò)去時(shí)/should+動(dòng)詞原形/wereto+動(dòng)詞原形主句：would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形IfIhadenoughmoneynextmonth,Iwouldbuyacopyof“TheAdvancedLearnersDictionaryofCurrentEnglish〞.如果我下個(gè)月有足夠的錢(qián)，我就會(huì)買一本?現(xiàn)代高級(jí)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)詞典?。第五頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)。if引導(dǎo)(yǐndǎo)的虛擬條件句第六頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)。區(qū)別:Ifitrainstomorrow,thecropswillbesaved.陳述(chénshù)語(yǔ)氣Ifitrainedtomorrow,thecropswouldbesaved.虛擬語(yǔ)氣第七頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)。與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬(xūnǐ)條件句If+主+did(were),主+would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形1.如果我是你，我會(huì)再試一次。IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.2.如果我有一百萬(wàn)美元，我會(huì)買下這架飛機(jī)。IfIhadonemilliondollars,Iwouldbuytheplane.第八頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)。與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句If+主+haddonesth.,主+would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞完成式〔havedone〕1.如果他努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，他就會(huì)通過(guò)這次考試(kǎoshì)了。Ifhehadworkedhard,hewouldhavepassedtheexamination.2.要是當(dāng)時(shí)我和她結(jié)了婚的話，那我是很不幸的。IfIhadmarriedherthen,Iwouldhavebeenunhappy.第九頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)。與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句(通常(tōngcháng)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))If+主+did(wereto/shoulddo),主+would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形1.如果他明天來(lái)的話,我會(huì)告訴他這件事。Ifhecameheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhimaboutit.2.如果他明天來(lái)的話,我會(huì)告訴他。Ifheweretocomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhim.第十頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)。條件狀語(yǔ)的倒裝：如果(rúguǒ)條件狀語(yǔ)中有were,had,should時(shí),可以倒裝成：Were/Should/Had+主+其他IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.→WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.Ifhehadbeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.→Hadhebeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.→Shoulditsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.第十一頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)。wish引導(dǎo)(yǐndǎo)的虛擬句第十二頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)。wish+thatHowIwishIfonlydid/were現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)haddone過(guò)去(guòqù)would/might/coulddo將來(lái)(jiānglái)(1)我要是記得地址就好了?！舱婵上彝恕矷wishIrememberedtheaddress.(2)要是他沒(méi)有離開(kāi)這里就好了?！菜央x開(kāi)〕HowIwishhehadnotleft.(3)要是明天下雨就好了?！舱f(shuō)話人已預(yù)料到明天不會(huì)下雨〕Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.第十三頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)。Ifonly要是……就好了=Iwish〔1〕IfonlyIknewhisnamenow!〔2〕Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvicelasttime!〔3〕IfonlyIcouldseehimagainnextyear!〔4〕要是我們(wǒmen)的父母能和我們(wǒmen)住在一起就好了。Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!〔5〕要是我沒(méi)錯(cuò)過(guò)火車就好了.IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!第十四頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)。asif/though第十五頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)。區(qū)別：HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughheisfromtheUSA. 陳述(chénshù)語(yǔ)氣HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughhewerefromtheUSA. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣第十六頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)。2.asif/though+Clause現(xiàn)在：過(guò)去(guòqù)：將來(lái):did/werehaddonewould+動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)原形Shelovesthebabyasifit

were

herownson.Hespeaksasifhe

hadbeento

theUnitedStates.第十七頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)。時(shí)間條件從句if主句過(guò)去haddonewould/should/could/mighthavedone現(xiàn)在did/werewould/should/could/mightdo將來(lái)1.shoulddo2.weretodo3.didevenif/though,wish,ifonly等從句(cónɡjù)的虛擬與它相同。虛擬語(yǔ)氣theSubjunctiveMood第十八頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)。1.如果我是你，我就聽(tīng)從他的建議。IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.從句表示現(xiàn)在，主句表示過(guò)去2.如果你聽(tīng)我的話，現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)這么糟糕了。Ifyouhadlistenedtome,youmightnotbeinsuchtroublenow.從句表示過(guò)去，主句表示現(xiàn)在3.如果這些天一直沒(méi)下雨，我們現(xiàn)在就可以進(jìn)行(jìnxíng)工作了。Ifithadn’tbeenrainingthesedays,weshouldbegoingonwiththework.從句表示過(guò)去進(jìn)行(jìnxíng)，主句表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行(jìnxíng)第十九頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)。注意:主從句時(shí)間不一致情況下的虛擬語(yǔ)氣(混合條件句):有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作和結(jié)果與主句中的動(dòng)作、發(fā)生(fāshēng)的時(shí)間不一致，這時(shí)動(dòng)作的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。第二十頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)。Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemoney,Icouldn’thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.假假設(shè)你不借錢(qián)給我，我不可能買下這幢新房，很可能現(xiàn)在還住在危房里?！矎木湔f(shuō)明(shuōmíng)過(guò)去，主句說(shuō)明(shuōmíng)過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在?！车诙豁?yè)，共44頁(yè)。名詞性從句(cónɡjù)中要求用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞第二十二頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)。表示“建議，命令，要求〞等意義時(shí)，名詞性從句用(should)＋動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)原形。(1)建議：動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)advise,suggest,propose,recommend(名詞advice,suggestion,proposal,recommendation)(2)命令：名詞order,command(3)要求：動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)request,require,demand,ask,insist(名詞request,requirement,demand)第二十三頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)?！咀⒁狻?1)suggest意為“說(shuō)明，暗示〞時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句不用(bùyòng)虛擬語(yǔ)氣。(2)insist意為“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說(shuō)〞時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句不用(bùyòng)虛擬語(yǔ)氣。第二十四頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)。Iwish(that)＋賓語(yǔ)從句(虛擬語(yǔ)氣)(1)表示愿望與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句用一般(yībān)過(guò)去時(shí)。(2)表示愿望與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。(3)表示愿望實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性很小，從句常用could/might/would＋動(dòng)詞原形。第二十五頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)。wouldrather/prefer＋that-從句(從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣)(1)表示愿望(yuànwàng)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。(2)表示愿望(yuànwàng)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。注意：名詞性從句表示說(shuō)話人“強(qiáng)烈〞的感情色彩時(shí)，從句用should＋動(dòng)詞原形/should＋havedone，should可譯為“應(yīng)該；居然，竟然〞。should可以省略。第二十六頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣特殊(tèshū)句型第二十七頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)。1.wouldratherthat現(xiàn)在：過(guò)去(guòqù)：未來(lái)：過(guò)去(guòqù)時(shí)過(guò)去(guòqù)完成時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)〔1〕Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.〔2〕Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.〔3〕Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.第二十八頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)。注意:在主語(yǔ)＋would(had)rather＋that賓語(yǔ)從句中，從句謂語(yǔ)一般用過(guò)去式表示虛擬形式。例如:〔1〕我真希望你告訴(ɡàosù)我真相。I’dratheryoutoldmethetruth.〔2〕我寧愿不再見(jiàn)到你。I’dratherIdidn’tseeyouagain.〔3〕我倒希望他們和我一起去。Iwouldrathertheywentwithme.第二十九頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)。注意：如果表示的事情可能會(huì)發(fā)生，那么狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)(wèiyǔ)動(dòng)詞可用陳述語(yǔ)氣。Itlooksasifyouaretired.第三十頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)。2.It’s(about/high)time+that——過(guò)去(guòqù)時(shí)should+v.〔1〕你該走了。It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyouweregoing.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.〔2〕我們(wǒmen)該去睡覺(jué)了。It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.第三十一頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)。3.without和butfor構(gòu)成(gòuchéng)虛擬。butfor要不是Withoutsunlight,people’slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.Butforwater,itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert.第三十二頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)。4.Ifonly(1)要是……就好了=Iwish①Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!要是我們(wǒmen)的父母能和我們(wǒmen)住在一起就好了。②IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!要是我沒(méi)錯(cuò)過(guò)火車就好了！(2)=aslongas常用陳述語(yǔ)氣.Wecansurelyovercomethesedifficultiesifonlywearecloselyunited.如果我們(wǒmen)緊密團(tuán)結(jié)就一定能戰(zhàn)勝一切困難。第三十三頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)。5.It’snecessary/strange/natural/important+that-Clause從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬(xūnǐ)，即〔should〕+動(dòng)詞原形如：Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.It’snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.第三十四頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)。6.otherwise和supposing也可以(kěyǐ)引導(dǎo)虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例如：〔1〕Thestormstopped,otherwisethesailorswouldhavefallenintothesea.〔2〕I’mgettingcold,otherwiseIwouldkeepher.〔3〕Suppose(Supposing)yourfriendsknewhowyouarebehavinghere,whatwouldtheythink?第三十五頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)。7.sothat與inorderthat二者引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)(zhuàngyǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)局部應(yīng)該用may/might/can/could,etc.+動(dòng)詞原形如：〔1〕Shestayedathomeforafewdayssothatshemighthavemoretimetostudyit.〔2〕Shelistenedcarefullyinorderthatshemightdiscoverexactlywhathewanted.〔3〕Hewenttothestationinataxisothatheshouldnotmissthetrain.第三十六頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)。8.用“may+動(dòng)詞原形〞表示祝愿，但愿，此時(shí)may須置于句首Maygoodluckbeyours!祝你好運(yùn)！

Mayyoubehappy!祝你快樂(lè)！

Mayyoudoevenbetter!祝你取得更大成就(chéngjiù)！Longlivethepeople!人民萬(wàn)歲！

“Godblessyou,〞saidthepriest.牧師說(shuō)：“愿上帝保佑你！〞第三十七頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)。含蓄(hánxù)條件句第三十八頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)。非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從句(cónɡjù)有時(shí)不表現(xiàn)出來(lái)，只暗含在上下文中，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句。含蓄條件句大體有三種情況:第三十九頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)。1.條件暗含在短語(yǔ)(duǎnyǔ)中。如：〔1〕WhatwouldIhavedonewithoutyou?(條件暗含在分詞短語(yǔ)(duǎnyǔ)withoutyou中)

〔2〕Itwouldbeeasiertodoitthisway.(條件暗含在不定式短語(yǔ)(duǎnyǔ)todoitthisway中)

〔3〕Butforyourhelpwecouldn’thavesucceededintheexperiment.(暗含條件是butforyourhelp)第四十頁(yè)，共44頁(yè)?！?〕Thissamething,happeninginwartime,wouldleadtoadisaster.(條件暗含在分詞(