U2+Discovering+useful+stuctures 高中英語 （人教版2019）（必修第三冊）

Unit2MoralsandVirtues

現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語&賓補1.動詞分為謂語動詞和非謂語動詞，當一個簡單句或從句中已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了一個謂語動詞或系動詞，那么第二個動詞要變成非謂語形式（V-ed/V-ing/todo）2.動詞的非謂語可做除謂語之外的任何成分，如定語，賓語，表語，賓補，狀語，主語等。3.非謂語中分詞形式的選擇要先找其邏輯主語，在判斷其邏輯主語與非謂語間的關(guān)系，現(xiàn)在分詞主動或進行，過去分詞被動或完成。非謂語動詞之分詞Part1現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語與過去分詞作狀語的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時態(tài)的用法獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與分詞作狀語區(qū)別Done時間:原因:條件：讓步：方式或伴隨或結(jié)果：非謂語動詞作狀語可表時間、原因、條件、讓步、結(jié)果、方式或伴隨，可轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)狀語從句或并列結(jié)構(gòu)可轉(zhuǎn)換為由“when,while,until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為由since,because或as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為由if,once或unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為由though/although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為and引導(dǎo)的并列結(jié)構(gòu)被動

完成Doing主動進行先找邏輯主語(邏輯主語與句子的主語一致)，再判斷主被動。Walkinginthepark,shesawanoldfriend.Hearingthenews,hegotfrightened.?Theystoodthereforhalfanhourwatchingthestarsinthesky.V-ing做狀語邏輯主語與句子的主語一致；主動/進行Doneinahurry,hishomeworkwasfullofmistakes.Givenmoretime,wewilldobetter.Invited,Iwillnottakepartintheparty.V-ed做狀語邏輯主語與句子的主語一致；被動/完成1.分詞作狀語牛刀小試-分詞作狀語1.___________(direct)bytheteacher,allthestudentshavelearnedhowtorefertothedictionary.2.Therewasalargecrowdinthesquare,___________(protest)againstthewar.3.___________(compare)withtheearth,thelargestoceandoesnotseembigatall.4.___________(compare)withthatbook,youwillseethisismoreinteresting.5.Westoodbytheriverforafewmoments,___________(admire)theview.6.Fanslinedtheroadtothefinishingline,___________(cheer)onthecompetitors.7.Once___________(bite)byadogyoushouldgotoadoctor8.Theyjuststoodthere,___________(glare)ateachotherandsayingnothing9.Tom,___________(notknow)whatwaswrongwithhishomework,turnedtohisteacherforhelp.10.SwineFlu(HINI),first________(appear)inMexicoinApril2010,spreadthroughmanycountriesacrosstheglobe.11.___________(order)overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow12.Theyounghusbandlefther,___________(destroy)herlifeandallherhopesDirectedprotestingComparedComparingadmiringcheeringbittenglaringnotknowingappearingOrdereddestroying一般情況下，過去分詞和邏輯主語是被動的關(guān)系，但某些過去分詞的固定搭配不表被動，表主語的狀態(tài)或主觀心理感受，常見于：lostin(沉迷);seated(坐);born(出生于);dressedin(穿著)；interestedin(感興趣)；tiredof(厭煩)；worriedabout(擔心);Dressedinwhite,shelooksmorebeautiful.Bornon2January1970,HebeganstudyingmusicattheUniversity.MovedbyMozart’smusic,hesaid,“Itwaslikeseeingcolorforthefirsttime.”Satisfiedwithwhathedid,theteacher

praisedhiminclass.牛刀小試1._______(devote)tohisresearch,theprofessorcaredlittleaboutotherthings2._________(absorb)inmusic,hefeltasifhecouldseethebeautyoftheworld.3._________（worry）aboutthejourney,IwasunsettledforthefirstdaysDevotedAbsorbedWorried分詞作時間狀語，可轉(zhuǎn)換“when/while/until”等詞引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，有時也將主語和be動詞省略，即when/while+分詞。2.分詞作狀語與狀語從句或并列結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換Walkinginthepark,shesawanoldfriend.＝Whenshewaswalkinginthepark,shesawanoldfriend.＝Whenwalkinginthepark,shesawanoldfriend.

Heated,icewillbechangedintowater.＝Whenitwasheated,icewillbechangedintowater.＝Whenheated,icewillbechangedintowater.

翻譯句子：由于不認路，他迷路了。

Ashe__________________,hegotlost.＝_____________________,hegotlost.didn’tknowthewayV-ing形式的否定式是在其前面加not分詞作原因狀語，相當于“since,because或as”引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，這類狀語通常放于句子前半部分。Beingill，hecouldn'tgotoschool.＝Ashewasill，hecouldn'tgotoschool.

Caughtinaheavyrain,hewasallwet.＝Becausehewascaughtinaheavyrain,hewasallwet.Notknowingtheway分詞作條件狀語，相當于“if,once或unless”引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。

Workinghard，you'llmakegreatprogress.＝Ifyouworkhard，you'llmakegreatprogress.

Givenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkbetter.＝Ifweweregivenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkbetter.分詞作讓步狀語，相當于“though/although/evenif/eventhough”引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。

Knowingitisdifficult,Idon’tgiveup.＝AlthoughIknowitisdifficult,Idon’tgiveup.

Invited,Iwillnottakepartintheparty.＝EvenifIaminvited,Iwillnottakepartintheparty.現(xiàn)在分詞作方式、結(jié)果或伴隨狀語時，通常不能轉(zhuǎn)換為狀語從句，但可轉(zhuǎn)換為and引導(dǎo)的并列結(jié)構(gòu)。

Tomsatbythewindow,readingabook.（V-ing做伴隨狀語）=Tomsatbythewindowandwasreadingabook.

Hisparentsdied，leavinghimanorphan.（V-ing做結(jié)果狀語）＝Hisparentsdiedandlefthimanorphan.

Pleaseanswerthequestion，usinganotherway.（V-ing做方式狀語）＝Pleaseanswerthequestionanduseanotherway.

Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbysomestudents.＝Theteacherenteredtheclassroomandwasfollowedbysomestudents.

The

old

man

walkedinthepark,supportedbyhis

wife.＝The

old

man

walkedintheparkandwassupportedby

his

wife.1.

Havingfinishedhishomework,herushedouttoplaybasketball.2.Havingstudiedhislessonsveryhard,hepassedthetest.注意1：doing有完成時態(tài)havingdone,表示比句子的謂語動詞先發(fā)生,句子主語與havingdone的關(guān)系依然是主動關(guān)系。

1._________________(turn)

offtheTV,hebegantogooverhislessons.

2.______________(finish)hishomework,hewentouttoplay

football.3._________________(buy)

whatsheneeded,Mrs.Smithwentoutofthemarket.HavingturnedHavingfinishedHavingbought1.Nothavingmadefullpreparations,weputoffthemeeting.2.Nothavingstudiedhislessonsveryhard,hefailedthetest.完成式的否定形式：not+havingdone____________(know)whattodo,Miketurnedtohisteacherforhelp.NotknowingTheweatherbeingfine,wewentoutforawalk.Wintercoming,peoplegetsmoreandmoreworriedTimepermitting,Iwillgowithyou.注意2：分詞做狀語的前提條件為分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語一致，所以邏輯主語一般省略當主句的主語和分詞的邏輯主語不一致，則邏輯主語不可省，被稱作獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語

Hearingthenews,hegotfrightened.?Theystoodthereforhalfanhourwatchingthestarsinthesky.Westoodbytheriverforafewmoments,

admiringtheview.獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

1._______(hear)thenews,theycouldn’thelpjumping.2.Becarefulwhen___________(cross)thestreet.3.__________________(work)forthreehours,hetookarest.4.___________(use)yourhead,you’llhaveagoodidea.5.___________(work)hard,hedidn’tfeelabittired.6.Theheavyrainlastedthreedays,__________(result)inserioustrafficjams.7.Thegirlcamein,_________(follow)herparents.8.________(walk)inthepark,shesawanoldfriend.9.Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroom,_________(read)abook.10._______________(finish)hishomework,Tomlistenedtomusic.ExercisesHearingcrossingHavingworkedUsingWorkingresultingfollowlingWalkingreadingHavingfinishedPart2the–ingformusedasobjectcomplementWeseeher

listeningtomusic.Thepolicecaught

theman

stealingthemoney.Wecanseefourkids

running.

V-ing做賓補，賓語與賓補為主動/進行V-ed做賓補，賓語與賓補為被動/完成分詞作補語

分詞跟在賓語后面做賓補，其邏輯主語為賓語；賓語與賓補間為主動，選doing，被動，選doneWhenwegottoschool,wesawthedoorlocked.Hefound

hishouse

brokeninto

whenhegotbackhome.Ifeel

thecomputer

moved

bysomeone.(1)Whenwegottoschool,wesaw

thedoor

locked.(2)Hefound

hishouse

brokenintowhenhegotbackhome.(3)Ifeelthecomputer

moved

bysomeone.現(xiàn)在分詞用作賓補對賓語進行補充說明，表動作主動或進行1.表示感觀、感覺和發(fā)覺的動詞。如：

watch,observe,see,hear,listento,feel,notice,find等。即“see+賓語+doing1.Ifound

abag

lyingontheground.2.Wefound

a

stranger

standingattheentrance.3.Alongtheway,wesaw

manypeople

playing

music,singing,anddancing.4.Sheheard

someone

knockingatthedoor.過去分詞用作賓補對賓語進行補充說明，表動作被動或完成havethelightburningallnightkeepmewaiting

alldayhavethecarrunning

allthewaymakehimstanding

thewholemorning

2.表示“致使”意義的動詞。如：have,make,let，get,keep等表示讓賓補一直處于某種持續(xù)的狀態(tài),后通常接allday;allnight等時間狀語We'rehavingourcar

repaired.I'm

trying

toget

thisarticle

finishedforThursday.

Shehadto

shout

tomakeherself

heardabovethe

sound

ofmusic.have,make,let，get,keep+done做賓補”賓語和賓補間為被動1.Theyfoundadogsleepingonthestreet.2.Theyheardhimsinginginnextroom.

3.Wemustn'tkeepthemwaiting.當轉(zhuǎn)換為被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，原來作賓語補足語的-ing形式便轉(zhuǎn)換為主語補足語。=Thedogisfound

sleeping

onthestreet.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)一只狗在街上睡覺。=Hewasheard

singinginthenextroom.有人聽到他在隔壁房間唱歌。=Theymustn'tbekept

waiting.千萬不能讓他們等。4.“with

＋賓語＋過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中,現(xiàn)在分詞用作介詞with的

。過去分詞與賓語之間是_______關(guān)系。賓語補足語

主動“with

＋賓語＋過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中,過去分詞用作介詞with的

。過去分詞與賓語之間是_______關(guān)系。賓語補足語

被動1.Withhisbag___________(pack),heplaceditonthedeskandwenttosleep2.Withallthework___________(finish),themanwenthome.3.Withthekindman___________(show)theway,wefinallyreachedourdestination.4.Inthefuture,carefortheenvironmentwillbecomeveryimportantwithnaturalresources________(run)out.5.Withmoreofhismind___________(concentrate)onhislessons,theboy,whowasoncecrazyaboutonlinegames,ismakingrapidprogresspacked

finished

showing

running

concentrated

有些單詞或詞組如：datebackto;belongto;consistof;runout;measure...等無被動形式，做非謂語用其doing形式。Thebookbelonging(belong)tohimisverygood.Thetreemeasuring(measure)5metersisverytallThecitydatingbackto(date)theMingDynastylooksbeautiful.牛刀小試1.Beachstonetabletteahasalonghistory,___________(date)back1,300years.2.Afterthetyphoon,peoplefoundsometalltrees,___________(measure)morethan10meters,lyingontheground.3.Somevillagersreportedahugesnake,_________(measure)overtwometerslong,wasfounddeadinanearbycave.4.Inthefuture,carefortheenvironmentwillbecomeveryimportantwithnaturalresources___________(run)out.5.Iattendedauniversity___