2015l12河海2015z12中文版高錳酸鉀預(yù)氧化對超濾膜污染和材料的影響

高錳酸鉀預(yù)氧化對超濾膜污染和超濾膜材料a，a*，a，aa河海大學(xué)，，210098，中國*通訊作者（郵箱 前超濾技術(shù)水廠中有廣泛的應(yīng)用前景然而超濾過程中的膜污染現(xiàn)象會阻礙超濾技[1-3]。因此，需要找到有效的方法來去除有機物改善超濾技術(shù)的應(yīng)用前景[4]。以前的研究預(yù)材料與方實驗水樣與膜組實驗水樣為以水為原水的砂濾池出水，超濾膜為蘇州立升公司產(chǎn)的PVC中空纖維12。1砂 pH 濁 DOC/mg·L- SUVA(L·mg-1·m-出 2

長度 面積 過濾方 超濾實超濾系15s，8m3/h30s，6m3/h15s

potassium

water1高錳酸鉀劑量優(yōu)化和超濾系統(tǒng)長期運24h8h使自身達道穩(wěn)定運行狀態(tài)。超濾系統(tǒng)加入高錳酸鉀前需要確定最優(yōu)的高錳酸鉀投加量，將高錳酸鉀投加量從0mg/L0.5mg/L19天進行一次化學(xué)?；瘜W(xué)方式為：將超濾膜浸泡在50mg/L的氫氧化鈉溶液中浸泡3h，10mg/L10min10min1檢測方UV254和DOC：測定UV254和DOC前用0.45μm的膜去除水樣中的顆粒UV254用分光光度計測定，DOC用TOC儀測定。24h，然后用純水洗凈。3個親疏水區(qū)間：強疏水性有機物（DAX-8樹脂吸附（被XAD-4樹脂吸附，親水性有機物（DAX-8XAD-4樹脂吸附）[14]。水樣過樹脂前，pH2DAX-85ml/min，過XAD-815ml/L。,,分析前需要對樣品進行噴金[15,16]30KV加速電壓下進行檢測。r 抗拉強度和斷裂伸長率：用電子萬能材料試驗機（HANDPI,HP-10,中國）對超濾膜的 S (d2d2)/

S為超濾膜的抗拉強度；d0di分別代表超濾膜的外徑和內(nèi)徑；F代表超濾膜斷裂時 計算al

a為超濾膜的斷裂伸長率；l是超濾膜的初始長度；Δl是超濾膜斷裂時增加的長度。,結(jié)果與討高錳酸鉀對有機物特性和膜污染的影高錳酸鉀劑量的優(yōu)20-0.5mg/L3顯示了不同高錳酸鉀投加量下超濾系統(tǒng)進水會形成大分子復(fù)合物，與水中小分子有機物形成小分子復(fù)合物。高錳酸鉀通過氧化C=C雙實驗結(jié)果表明，高錳酸鉀投加量的增加會減少膜污染。隨著高錳酸鉀投加量的增加超0.1gL05gL0108gL04gL。 時間23高錳酸鉀劑 進 出 進 出 進 出 進 出 進 出 進 出濁度錳鐵鋁鈣高錳酸鉀對有機物特性的31KDa的有4所示。超濾系統(tǒng)中加入高錳酸鉀后，超濾進水和出46.08%37.8%，這可UFUFUFUFUF10＜1 1-3 ＞3分子量圖3高錳酸鉀對超濾進水和出水有機物分子量分布的影響（UFinfluent:超濾進水，UF

UFinfluentUFinfluent/KMnO4UFeffluentUFTPI：高錳酸鉀對膜污染影4展示了超濾系統(tǒng)在加與不加高錳酸鉀情況下阻力變化。超濾系統(tǒng)中沒有加高錳酸10min，30min60min0.01（058%，0.0392.20%0.10（5.50%0.35%0.02（1.54%4.07%55.a5.b是超濾系統(tǒng)加入高錳5.c5.b超濾膜表面顆粒明顯，污染層更松散。松散的污染層4過濾時 10 30 60

純膜阻 1.720

可逆阻 0.010 0.039 0.013總阻力1.7331.7721.8541.7201.7200.0060.0270.0740.0030.0100.0241.7291.7571.818 520000倍（a純膜掃描電鏡；b超濾系統(tǒng)加高錳酸鉀后的超濾膜；c超濾系統(tǒng)未加高錳酸鉀的超濾膜）表5=C雙此被超濾膜截留的鈣離子減少。錳元素的檢測時由于高錳酸鉀反應(yīng)時產(chǎn)生中間產(chǎn)物二氧化256]5重量 原子重量 原子重量 原子C N O----S----------高錳酸鉀對膜材料的高錳酸鉀對膜孔徑的影6所2.3nm25.8nm。超濾系統(tǒng)中沒加高錳酸鉀時，UsedUsedwithoutUsedmembranewithvirginfrfr012345678910111213141516171819202122232425孔徑圖6膜孔徑分布圖（UsedmembranewithoutKMnO4：超濾系統(tǒng)中沒有加高錳酸鉀，UsedmembranewithKMnO4：超濾系統(tǒng)中加入高錳酸鉀，virginmembrane：純膜） 780000倍（a純膜；b超濾系統(tǒng)未加高錳酸鉀；c超濾系統(tǒng)加高錳酸鉀）高錳酸鉀對膜機械強度的影響始長度為10cm，純膜在斷裂時長度為16.7cm，伸長了67%。沒加高錳酸鉀的超濾膜斷裂時長度為16.2cm，伸長了62%。加高錳酸鉀的超濾膜斷裂時長度為15.6cm，伸長了56%。沒抗拉強度 VirginUsedmembraneUsedmembranewith

ThelengthThestandard 長度8超濾膜的抗拉強度和斷裂伸長（Thelengthofbreakingpoint：超濾膜斷裂時長度，The9所示，用于反映超 9200倍（a純膜；b超濾系統(tǒng)未加高錳酸鉀；c超濾系統(tǒng)加高錳酸鉀）高錳酸鉀對超濾膜親疏水性的影[93]6接觸角比用過超濾膜低是由于濾膜長期行過程化學(xué)會洗掉[3132]水中有機物的特性，前面的實驗結(jié)果表錳酸鉀對有機物特性的改變有利于膜污染的控33356加高錳酸鉀時的計算結(jié)果比加高錳酸鉀時的計算結(jié)果更負，說明不加高錳酸鉀時膜污染更接觸角系純甘二碘甲不加高膜-運行后酸膠加高錳膜鉀膠-不加高膜酸膠-純加高錳膜鉀膠-超濾系統(tǒng)運行狀超濾系統(tǒng)長期運行跨膜壓差如圖10所示。超濾系統(tǒng)化學(xué)周期為9天，9天后未加0.06MPa0.06MPa。加高錳酸0 時間10結(jié)C.Margarida,R.J.Maria.AssessingPACcontributiontotheNOMfoulingcontrolinPAC/UFsystems,WaterRes.44(2010)1636-1644.D.Jermann,W.Pronk,R.Kagi,M.Halbeisen,M.Boller,InfluenceofinctionsbetweenNOMandparticlesonUFfoulingmechanisms,WaterRes.42(2008)3870-3878.Y.Gao,D.Chen,L.K.Weavers,H.W.Walker,UltrasoniccontrolofUFmembranefoulingbynaturalwaters:Effectsofcalcium,pH,andfractionatednaturalorganicmatter,J.Membr.Sci.401–402(2012)232–240.A.R.Costa,M.N.Pinho,M.Elimelech,Mechanismsofcolloidalnaturalorganicmatterfoulinginultrafiltration,J.Membr.Sci.281(2006)716–725.S.Lee,K.Lee,W.M.Wan,Y.Choi,Comparisonofmembranepermeabilityandafoulingmechanismbypre-ozonationfollowedbymembranefiltrationandresidualozoneinmembranecells,Desalination.178(2005)287–294.J.J.Qin,M.H.Oo,K.A.Kekre,F.Knops,P.Miller,Reservoirwatertreatmentusinghybridcoagulation–ultrafiltration,Desalination.193(2006)344–349.L.Heng,Y.Y.Ling,G.W.Jia,L.Xing,L.G.Bai,Effectofpretreatmentbypermanganate/chlorineonalgaefoulingcontrolforultrafiltration(UF)membranesystem,Desalination.222(2008)74–80.L.Tao,P.S.Lin,C.Wei,S.Bin,Roleofpre-oxidation,usingpotassiumpermanganate,formitigatingmembranefoulingbynaturalorganicmatterinanultrafiltrationsystem,ChemicalEngineeringJournal,223(2013)487-496.L.Tao,L.Liang,C.Wei,P.S.Lin,Effectandmechanismofpreoxidationusingpotassiumpermanganateinanultrafiltrationmembranesystem,Desalination,286(2012)379-388.G.M.Emmanuelle,T.Francette,Agingofpolysulfoneultrafiltrationmembranesincontactwithbleachsolutions,J.Membr.Sci.282(2006)198–204.Z.A.Syed,R.B.Pierre,AssessingtheeffectsofsodiumhypochloriteexposureonthecharacteristicsofPVDFbasedmembranes,WaterRes.47(2013)5392-5399.S.Rouaix,C.Causserand,P.Aimar,Experimentalstudyoftheeffectsofhypochloriteonpolysulfonemembraneproperties,J.Membr.Sci.277(2006)137–147.Y.W.Zheng,N.J.D.Graham,ApplicationofFe(II)/K2MnO4asapre-treatmentforcontrollingUFmembranefoulingindrinkingwatertreatment,J.Membr.Sci.473(2015)J.P.Croue,Isolation,fractionation,characterizationandreactivepropertiesofnaturalorganicmatter,Proc.AWWA18thFederalConventionAdelaide,Australia,1999.H.C.Kim,B.A.Dempsey,RemovaloforganicacidsfromEOMusinganionexchangeresinsandconsequentreductionoffoulinginUFandMF,J.Membr.Sci.364(2010)325–330.L.Qian,B.Q.Yan,L.H.Han,B.L.Xia,W.X.Lin,Anovelultrafiltration(UF)membranewithcontrollableselectivityforproteinseparation,J.Membr.Sci.427(2013)155–167.K.S.Mcguire,K.W.Lawson,D.R.Lloyd,Poresizedistributiondeterminationfromliquidpermeationthroughmicroporousmembranes,J.Membr.Sci.99(1995)127-137.M.Min,L.R.,L.H.Juan,Q.J.Hui,Effectofmoderatepre-oxidationontheremovalofMicrocystisaeruginosabyKMnO4–Fe(II)process:Significanceofthein-situformedFe(III),WaterRes.46(2012)73–81.M.M.Ying,L.Y.Shi,S.Zhou,Y.Jian,Impactofmolecularweightofnaturalorganicmatteronironremovalfromgroundwater,WaterandWastewater,22(2006)59-62.L.Heng,Y.Y.Ling,G.W.Jia,L.Xing,L.G.Bai,Effectofpretreatmentbypermanganate/chlorineonalgaefoulingcontrolforultrafiltration(UF)membranesystem,Desalination.222(2008)74–80.C.W.Jung,EffectsofmembranematerialandpretreatmentcoagulationonmembranefoulingmechanismandNOMremoval,Desalination.197(2006)M.Simonic,A.Lobnik,Theefficiencyofahybridflocculation/UFprocessforarealdye-houseeffluentusinghydrophilicandhydrophobicmembranes,Desalination.271(2011)219-224.L.H.Juan,L.R.,T.Chuan,J.Han,L.X.Ling,Z.Ran,Q.J.Hui,Removalofnaturalorganicmatterforcontrollingdisinfectionby-productsformationbyenhancedcoagulation:acasestudy,Sep.Purif.Technol.84(2012)41–45.L.Tao,L.Z.Jian,C.Wei,Inctionmechanismsandpredictionsonmembranefoulinginanultrafiltrationsystem,usingtheXDLVOapproach,J.Membr.Sci.461(2014)49-58.Z.L.Zhu,M.Jun,Y.Min,Themicrotopographyofmanganesedioxideformedinsituanditsadsorptivepropertiesfororganicmicropollutants,SolidStateSci.10(2008)148–153.K.W.Lee,K.H.Choo,S.J.Choi,K.Yamamoto,Developmentofanintegratedironoxideabsorption/membraneseparationsystemforwatertreatment,WaterSci.Technol.WaterSuppl.2(2002)293.E.Aoustin,A.I.Schafer,A.G.Fane,T.D.Waite,Ultrafiltrationofnaturalorganicmatter,Sep.Purif.Technol.22-23(2001)63-78.F.L.Cheng,C.L.YuAngela,P.S.Chandana,C.Y.Tsai,Effectsofmassretentionofdissolvedorganicmatterandmembraneporesizeonmembranefoulingandfluxdecline,WaterRes.43(2009)N.Pezeshk,R.M.Narbaitz,MorefoulingresistantmodifiedPVDFultrafiltrationmembranesforwatertreatment,Desalination.287(2012)247-254.N.Pezeshk,D.Rana,R.M.Narbaitz,NovelmodifiedPVDFultrafiltrationflat-sheetmembranes,J.Membr.Sci.389(2011)280-286.Z.Wei,S.Y.Lei,L.Chao,S.Qing,N.Xue,J.Z.