版權說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內容提供方,若內容存在侵權,請進行舉報或認領
文檔簡介
2022年內蒙古自治區(qū)錫林郭勒盟大學英語6級大學英語六級知識點匯總(含答案)學校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________
一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.Sleddogsdon'tusereins,instead,theyfollow______.
2.
IfacityhasearnedtheCDC's"greenstatus",itmeansthatitslocalhealthteamscan______ontheirown.
3.IntellectualProperty
Thephraseintellectualproperty(IP)referstothebundleoflegalrightsthatarisefromthecreativegeniusofthehumanmind.IPrightsplayanimportantroleintheeconomicprosperityofacountryandserveasamotivatingforceforcreativeindividualstosharetheirgeniuswithsociety.Likerealandpersonalpropertyrightsprotectone'sownershipinterestintangible(有形的)objects,suchaslandandautomobiles,IPrightsprotectone'sownershipinterestinintangibleobjects,suchastheideabehindaninvention,themusicscoreforaBroadwayplayandthenameorlogousedtobrandaproduct.Withoutenforcementoftheserightsinthelaw,itwouldbedifficultforsocietytoprosperandgrow.Inthisarticle,youwilllearnwhatintellectualpropertyrightsareandthedifferencesbetweenitsvariousforms.
GeneralIntroduction
Whenmostpeoplethinkofintellectualpropertyrights,patents,trademarksandcopyrightscometomind.ThiscoresetofIPrightsrewardandprotectthecreativeworksofinventors,authors,ownersandsellersofgoodsandservicesinthemarketplace.Whilethelegalprinciplesthatunderlieeachoftheserightsaredistinct,theyeachshareacommonsetofprinciples.
Anawardofpatent,trademarkorcopyrightprotectionrequiresadelicatebalancebetweentheinterestsoftheinventororauthorandtheinterestofsocietyasawhole.Thisbalanceisverymuchlikethetradeoffrequiredbyzoninglaws,whichattempttoprotecttheownershipinterestandexclusiverighttousethatalandownerhaswithsociety'sinterestinthelimiteduseoftheowner'slandforsociety'sgreatergood.Publicutilityeasementsandrightofwaysareexamplesofthisbalance.
Thegrantofapatentonanimportantinventionofalifesavingdrugrepresentsasimilarsetoftradeoffs.Isitfairtotheinventortoallowsocietyfreeaccesstothepatenteddrug?Isitfairtosocietytobedeniedaccessforitsgreatergood?Itistheroleofintellectualpropertylawtoharmonizetheseseeminglyconflictinginterests.
Intellectualpropertyrightsalsofosteracompetitivemarketplace.Theydosobyencouragingdisclosureofinnovationthroughprotectingthefruitsofthatinnovationforaperiodoftime.Disclosureallowsotherstobuildandimproveuponpriorinnovationsothatthestateoftheartcontinuestoevolveanddevelop.Withoutthebenefitsprovidedbyintellectualpropertyprotection,themarketplacewouldnotoperateeffectively.Imaginewhattheworldwouldbelikeifeverycompetitorhadtocontinuously"reinventthewheel"ratherthanbeingabletorefineandimproveupontheworksofothers.
Finally,intellectualpropertyrightsareregionalinnatureandtheconditionsoftheirgrantandenforceabilityaregovernedbythelawsofeachjurisdiction(權限).AUSpatentcanbeonlygrantedandenforcedinaccordancewiththelawsoftheUnitedStates.AtrademarkcanonlyberegisteredandenforcedinCanadainaccordancewiththelawsofCanada,andacopyrightcanonlyberegisteredandenforcedinMexicoinaccordancewithitslaws.Whilethereisadesiretobesomewhatuniform.andconsistent,countrieshavedifferentapproachestointellectualpropertyrightsprotection.VariationsintheprocedureforobtainingIPrightsaccountforalargepercentageofthesedifference,ratherthanthedifferencesinthesubstantiverightsgrantedineachcountry.
Thewords"patent"and"trademark"areoftenusedinterchangeably.Manytimes,wehearthatapatentisusedtoprotectalogoandthatatrademarkisusedtoprotectaninvention,andviceversa.Whilepatentsandtrademarksmaybeassociatedwiththesameproduct,thetwowordshaveverydifferentmeaningsandrefertoverydifferentformsofintellectualpropertyrights.Theycanseldombeusedinterchangeably,astheunderlyingrightsthat
A.Land.B.Automobile.C.Broadway.D.Logo.
4.
Evaluationofdepressioncanbeconductedonlywhensuchdepressionisnotattackingthepatient.
A.YB.NC.NG
5.
Aswearestillignorantofmillionsofuniquelifeformsintherainforest,deforestationcanbecomparedtothedestructionof______.
6.
Crammerscanimprovetheirgradesbyaddinginformal______beforetheoverwhelmingpressureison.
7.
Globalwarmingmaycausesomenaturaldisasterssuchaswildfireanddroughttobecomemoresevere.
A.YB.NC.NG
8.FreedbySudan,"Geographic"ReporterArrivesHomeinU.S.
After34daysinaSudanesejail,NationalGeographicjournalistPaulSalopek,whohadbeenchargedwithspying,landedinhishomestateofNewMexicoonSundaymorning.
Atthetimeofhisarrest,Salopek,44,hadbeenfreelancereportingforNationalGeographicmagazineontheSahelregion,whichstretcheseast-westacrossAfricaalongthesouthernedgeoftheSahara.
DonBelt,Salopek’seditorfortheSahelassignment,embracedthereporteruponhisarrivalandlatersaidhemighthavelostalittleweight,buthelookslikehe'snonetheworseforwear.
"We'reoverthemoonaboutSalopek'sreturn",Beltadded.
Salopek,whoisonascheduledleaveofabsencefromtheChicagoTribune,arrivedinAlbuquerquewithhiswife,hisTribuneeditor,andNewMexicoGovernorBillRichardson.
Salopeksaiditfeels"fantastic"tobehome.
"It'sgreattoseemywife,who'sbeenthroughalot—insomewaysmorethanmyself-inthelast35days,"hesaid.
Afterhe'sspentsometimewithhisfamily,Salopeksays,heplansto"makeroundsinChicagoandWashington"tothankhisfriendsattheTribuneandtheNationalGeographicSociety.
"Icanneverreallyrepaythem,"hesaid.But,hejokedatapressconferenceSundayattheAlbuquerqueinternationalairport,whathecandois"rackupanenormousbeerbill."
OnbehalfofNationalGeographic,BeltthankedRichardson,theTribune,Sudan'sambassadortotheUnitedStates,andJimmyCarter.TheformerU.S.PresidenthadwrittentoSudanesePresidentOmarAlBashironSalopek'sbehalf-agesturethathadbeenkeptsecretuntilSunday.
(BothNationalGeographicNewsandNationalGeographicmagazinearepartsoftheNationalGeographicSociety.)
OnceSalopekisbackonthejob,heintendstoreturntoAfrica,firsttoChadtocheckuponhistwoassistants,whowerearrestedandfreedalongsidehim.ThenhewillcompletehisNationalGeographicassignmentinChad,Mall,Niger,Nigeria,andSenegal.
DetainedinNoahDarfur
ThePulitzerPrizewinnerandhisChadianassistants-driverIdrissAbdulrahamAnuandinterpreterSuleimanAbakarMoussawerearrestedonAugust6aftertravelingfromChadtoSudan'stroubledDarfurProvincewithoutavisa.
Thebordercrossinghadbeenalastminutedecision,SalopeksaidattheSundaypressconference.
Normally,thethreewouldhavebeendeported.Instead,onAugust26theywerechargedwithespionage,passingin-formationillegally,anddisseminating"falsenews",inadditiontothechargeofenteringthecountryunlawfully.
ThethreemenwereconfinedtoasinglecellinE1Fasher,capitalofNoahDarfurProvince.
Fromthecell,Salopeksays,theycouldseeprotestorsdailyinveighing(痛罵)againsttheUnitedStatesandtheUnit-edNations,whichareleadinganefforttodeployaUNpeacekeepingforcetoneighboringDarfurProvince.
Salopekandhiscellmates,though,weren'twithoutwelcomecompany.
U.S.soldiers-intheregionadvisinganAfricanUnionpeacekeepingforce-discoveredthatanAmericanwasbeingheldinElFasherandtookuphiscause.
"Theyvisitedusvirtuallyeveryday,"Salopeksaid."Theywerelikeourguardianangels.
Theefforttofreethereporterandhiscolleagues,thoughwasn'texactlyheavenly.Itwaslikea"carnivalride,"Salopeksaid,"upanddown,daytoday."
TheRelease
GovernorRichardsonflewtoSudanonThursdaytonegotiatethethreemen'sreleaseonhumanitariangrounds.ThanksinparttopriordealingswiththeSudaneseambassadortotheU.S.andwithSudanesePresidentOmarA1-Bashir,Richardsonsucceededa
A.YB.NC.NG
9.
Bothnaturalgasandgasolineare__________andthusneithercanbeconsideredrenewable.
10.
Bluetoothnetworkingtransmitsdatavialow-powerradiowavesbetween2.402GHzand2.480GHz.
A.YB.NC.NG
11.
Thegreatnumberofpatientsvisitingthecomplementary-medicinecenteratNewYork'sHospitalforSpecialSurgeryreflects______intheUS.
12.HowSATSWork
Testsareafactoflifethroughoutourschoolcareers,butoneofthemostimportant,and,tosome,thescariest,ofthemallistheSAT—thatthree-hourexamthat'ssupposedtomeasureahighschoolstudent'schanceofacademicsuccessinthefirstyearofcollege.SomecollegesconsiderSATscoresmajorfactorsintheiradmissionprocess,whileothersviewhighschoolacademicperformance,alongwithrecommendationsandextracurricularactivities,equally,orevenmoreimportantly.Nomatterwhereyou'reheaded,ifyou'reahighschoolstudent,theSATisimportanttoyoubecausemostcollegesrequirestudentstoreporteitherSATorACTAssessmentscores.
WhatIstheSAT?
Firstofall,SATnolongerstandsforScholasticAptitudeTest(學術性傾向測驗),theoriginalnameofthetestwhenitwasintroducedin1941.Althoughyoumaystillseethatnameoccasionally,theCollegeBoard,thenot-for-profiteducationalassociationthatsponsorstheSATS,decidedtolettheacronymstandonitsownasawayofaddressingcontroversyaboutthemeaningoftheword"aptitude".TheCollegeBoardalsorejectedthealternative"ScholasticAssessmentTest".(Englishteachersprobablypointedoutthatthisnamewasredundant,sinceassessmentmeanstest.)
TheSATImeasuresverbalandmathreasoningabilitiesthatyou'vedevelopedthroughoutyourschoolyears.Themultiple-choicetest,developedbythenot-for-profitEducationalTestingService,isintendedtoletstudentsdemonstratetheirverbalandmathabilitieswithoutregardtothekindofschoolingthey'vehad.AccordingtotheCollegeBoard,thetestlooksforastudent'sabilitytounderstandandanalyzewrittenmaterial,todrawinferences,todifferentiateshadesofmeaning,todrawconclusionsandsolvemathproblems—allskillsthatarenecessaryforsuccessincollegeandtheworkworld.
TheAmericanCollegeTesting(ACT)Assessment,whichwasintroducedin1959,isanalternativetotheSATthatvirtuallyallcollegesanduniversitiesnowaccept.Developersofthetesttoutitforitscurriculum-basedquestions,sayingthattheirtestismoredirectlyrelatedtowhatisactuallytaughtinhighschool.
What'stheSATII?
ThenewerSATII:SubjectTests,formerlytheCollegeBoardAchievementTests,areintendedtomeasureastudent'sknowledgeofaparticularsubject,suchasEnglish(writingorliterature),historyandsocialsciences,mathematics(variouslevels),sciences,andlanguages(Chinese,French,German,modernHebrew,Italian,Japanese,Latin,Spanish,English).SomecollegesrequireoneormoreSATIItests,buteveniftheyaren'trequired,SATIItestsscorescanhelpyoupresentamorepersonalizedportfoliothatillustrateshowwellyouwouldfitataparticularschool.MostcollegesuseSATIIscoresnotforadmissionpurposesbutforprogramplacementandcounseling.SATIItestsaregivenonaslightlydifferentschedulefromtheSATI.Generally,SATIItestsarconehourlongandconsistofmultiplechoicequestions.Thereareexceptions.Forexample,theWritingTesthas40minutesofmultiple-choicequestionsanda20-minutewritingsample.
Todecidewhichsubjecttestshouldbetaken,first,,makealistofallthecollegesyou'reconsidering.ThenreviewtheircatalogsorwebsitestofindoutiftheyrequireSubjectTestscoresforadmissionand,ifso,whichones.Useyourlistofcollegesandtheiradmissionrequirementstohelpplanyourhighschoolcourseschedule.Forexample,acollegetowhichyouplantoapplymayrequirealanguageSubjectTestscoreormightexemptyoufromafirst-yearcourserequirementifyoudowellonalanguageSubjectTest.
Inaddition,theCollegeBoardwebsitecanbesearchedforinformationaboutSubjectTestrequirementsatspecificcolleges.
WhenIstheSATTaken?
General
A.measurewhetherastudent'sabilitycanbesuccessfulinthefirstyearofcollege
B.evaluatehighschools'educationqualitythroughoutthecountry
C.helpimprovetheeducationincollegethroughoutthecountry
D.measurehighschoolstudents'chanceofafruitfullife
13.
InmanyAsiancultures,one'sperceptionsofphysicalrealityarebelievedtobebasedon______.
14.
Ifyouwanttogetofftothefightstart,youshouldtreatthereceptionistsasyourpotentialbosses.
A.YB.NC.NG
15.
Bluetoothnetworkingtransmitsdatavialow-powerradiowavesbetween402GHzand480GHz.
A.YB.NC.NG
16.
Recently,researchershavefoundthatitissomethinginourbrainthatcausesouranxiety.
A.YB.NC.NG
17.
InancientGreek,aftertheshortpeaceofOlympicGamesperiod,thecity-stateswouldreopenthewar.
A.YB.NC.NG
18.
______tellsyouhowtoalternateyourspeedtosmoothyourdriving.
19.
AmongalltheGMcrops,Btgeneshaveprovedmosteffectivein______whenthelargest
20.
Onceyouhaveahealthcaredirective,thehealthproviders______.
二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.聽力原文:Duringthepastdecade,therehasbeenamultifoldincreaseinviolentcrimesthroughouttheworld.Notonlyhastherebeenafrighteningincreaseofmurdersandrapes,butchancesofbeingattackedandrobbedhavegrownsothattheelderlyavoidleavingheirapartments.
Theexactcauseofthishorrifyingdevelopmenthasnotbeenfound.SomesociologistsfeelthatthegrowthofcrimeonTVisrelatedwiththegrowthofviolenceonourstreets.Othersblametheconstantthreatofcompletedestructionfromnuclearexplosives.Iftheworldisgoingtobeblownup,whynotenjoyyourselffully!
Regardlessofthecauseorcauses,afundamentalchangeinattitudeamongpeopleiseasytosee.Yearsback,theoldsaying"Practicewhatyoupreach"wasaprevalentone.Peoplehadmoralstandardsthattheycouldfollow:peoplewereconcernedabouttheirfellowhumanbeings.
Today',peoplehavebecome"I-centered'.Theyaremoreinterestedinachievingimmediate,selfishpleasures.Thebestadvicetheycangiveintherareinstanceswhentheydois"DowhatIsay,notwhatIdo".Theyaresaying,"Therearemoralprinciplestofollowifyouwantto,butdon'tusemeasaguidesinceInolongerfollowthem."
ThemajordifferencethatIseeinthequotationspointsoutthetragicchangeinourmoralityandsocialways.Untilpeopleoncemorelearntoreplace"I'with"we",weshallcontinuetomovetowarddestructiveself-centeredness.
(33)
A.Thepopulationofelderlypeople.
B.Nuclearweapon.
C.Violenceincrime.
D.Livingstandards.
22.(32)
A.Theymayfailtofeelsecurelaterinthelife.
B.Theymaybecomebad-tempered.
C.Theymaydevelopmentalproblems.
D.Theymaylosetrustinthesociety.
23.聽力原文:M:MissLindaBrown,fight?
W:Yes,that'sfight.
M:Pleasetakeaseat.
W:Thankyou.
M:Soyou'reinterestedinajobasawaitress.
W:That'sfight.Isawyoursigninthewindowaskingforapart-timewaitress.
M:Mm,haveyouworkedasawaitressbefore?
W:Yes.I'veworkedasawaitressforthreeyearsatseveraldifferentrestaurants.
M:Isee.Areyouworkingnow?
W:Yes,attheKingHoteldiningroomonParkAvenue.
M:Theyhaveaverynicediningroomthere.Whydoyouwanttoleave?
w:BecauseIcan'tworkfulltimeatthemoment,I'MTakingsomecoursesatuniversityandneedmoretimetostudy.
M:Isee.Whatdaysareyouavailable?
W:I'mfreealldayThursdayandFriday,SaturdayandSunday.
M:Thatsuitsusverywellactually.We'relookingforsomeonewhocanhelpuslateintheweekwhenwegetverybusy.
W:That'sfinewithme.
M:Whencan
W:Isthefirstofnextmonthailfightwithyou?
M:That'sfine.ThefirstofMay.Yes,that'sgood.Bytheway,you'llget$1.80anhour,withtips,of
W:Good.Thankyouverymuch.
(23)
A.Becauseshewantedajobasawaitress.
B.BecauseKingHoteldiningroomwasclosingdown.
C.Becauseshewantedmoretimemstudy.
D.Becauseherpaywastoolow.
24.聽力原文:M:Wouldyouliketogowithmetoamovietonight,ordoyouhavetoworkattherestaurant?
W:Ishouldstudyformysociologyclass,butIcouldbetalkedoutofit.
Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?
(18)
A.She'swillingtogotothemovie.
B.Shehastogotosociologyclasstonight.
C.She'llstayhometostudytonight.
D.Themanshouldmeetherattherestaurant.
25.(13)
A.Theman'snervousbutbelieveshewillbebettertomorrow.
B.Themanisbeggingthewomantolethimpassthepresentation.
C.Theman'snervousabouthispresentationbecausehe'sunprepared.
D.Themanlefthispresentationonthewindowedgebuthe'llgetittomorrow.
26.
【B2】
27.聽力原文:W:Hey,Mike!Whereareyouoffto?
M:I'mheadingforthePriceChopper.Idoalotofthefamilyshoppingsincemymomgotapart-timejob.
W:Canyougivemearide?Iwanttogetsomedrinks.
M:Sure!Let'sgo!
W:Doyouenjoyshopping?
M:Enjoy?Idon'tmindadmittingIhateshoppingalmostasmuchasIhatealgebra.Correction!Ihateshoppingevenmorethan1hatealgebra.
W:Yipe!Alooseshoppingcart!
M:TodayI'mproudofmyself.Irememberedtobringalongmyshoppinglist.
W:You'rebecominganexperiencedshopper!
M:Gosh!Wrongshoppinglist!
W:I'msorrytohearthat.
M:Butit'sokay!I'msureIcanremembermostofthesixorsevenitemsthatmymomwantedmetopickup.
W:Watchoutforthecart,Mike!
M:Thanks!Youknow,asIscamperthroughtheaislesIcanalwayssuccessfullyavoidtheflyingcartsofmyfellowshoppers.
W:Whew!Thatwasclose!
M:Yousee!ImanagetopickupwhatIwantinrecordtime!
W:Great!Let'sheadfortheexpressline.Everyoneknowsexpresslinesmovemuchfasterthanregularlines.
M:Allright!Oh,unfortunately,thisexpresslinedoesn'tmoveatall!
W:Thenextlinehasoneshopper.Let'sswitchlines!
(20)
A.It'samarket.
B.It'sarecreationcenter.
C.Ifsanalgebraschool.
D.It'sthenameofapart-timejob.
28.(22)
A.Tostudytogether.
B.TogotoElizabeth'sroom.
C.TocallElizabeth.
D.TowatchTVtogether.
29.(28)
A.Theylivedaluxuriouslifeandtheirdietwasverydelicate.
B.Theylivedahighlycivilizedcourtlife.
C.Theylivedaprimitivelifeandtheirtablemannerswereoftenrude.
D.Theylivedacomparativelyluxuriousbutnot-so-civilizedlife.
30.
【B5】
31.聽力原文:W:Ican'tbelievethatyoumissedtheclassagain.Didn'tProfessorWangsaysomethingtoyouaboutthatlasttime?
M:Well,thistimeisdifferent,Ihadagoodexcuse.Somethingwaswrongwithmyclock.
Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?
(14)
A.ThemanhasalreadyspokentoProfessorWang.
B.ProfessorWangwillprobablyexcusetheman'sabsence.
C.ThemanhasnevermissedProfessorWang'sclass.
D.ProfessorWangisnotinclasstoday.
32.
【B4】
33.(46)
34.(21)
A.Thetrafficisveryheavy.
B.Thebusserviceisbad.
C.Thetransportationisconvenient.
D.Fewtaxiscanbeseenthere.
35.(19)
A.Mowtobuyagoodcomputer.
B.Howtoborrowacomputerfromthecompany.
C.Thepriceofthecomputer.
D.Thenewly-boughtcomputer.
36.
【B6】
37.SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.
聽力原文:M:Couldn'tyoutypeanyfaster?
W:ThisisthefastestI'veevertyped.
Q:Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman'styping?
(12)
A.Thewomantypestooslowly.
B.Thewomantypestoofast.
C.Thewomantypesfasterthanhedoes.
D.Thewomancouldn'ttypefast.
38.(15)
A.Inabookstore.
B.Inalibrary.
C.Inaclassroom.
D.Inahotel.
39.(17)
A.Theassignmentlooksquiteeasy.
B.Heisalsoworriedabouttheassignment.
C.Hehasalreadyfinishedtheassignment.
D.Hecan'thelpthewomanwiththeassignment.
40.聽力原文:W:Theadmissionpriceis$90perperson.That'sreallyexpensiveforjustoneshow.
M:You'reright.Butifyouhaveastudentcard,you'llgetinfor$30.
Q:Howmuchwillastudenthavetopayfortheshow?
(17)
A.Sixtydollars.
B.Thirtydollars.
C.Ninetydollars.
D.Onehundredandtwentydollars.
三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.
GenevieveLemonagreedthatCampionisespeciallyskillfulin______.
42.
WhatinfluencesthebirthratemostintheUnitedStatesis______.
A.highlypaidjobs
B.women'sdesireforindependence
C.expensesofchildraising
D.highdivorcerate
43.AccordingtoSolomonandhercolleagues,howdoeswatervaporaffectglobaltemperature?
A.Globalwarmingsloweddownbecausewatervaporinstratospheredropped.
B.Globalwarmingspeededupbecausewatervaporintroposphereincreased.
C.Globaltemperaturelowereddownbecausewatervaporintropospheredropped.
D.Globaltemperatureroseupbecausewatervaporinstratosphereincreased.
44.
Theauthorsaysthatprofessionallinguistsrecognizethat______.
A.thereisnohierarchyoflanguages
B.thehierarchyoflanguagesisdifficulttounderstand
C.alllanguagescamefromgruntsandgroans
D.WesternlanguagesaresuperiortoEasternlanguages
45.
Accordingtoitsadvocates,whowillgainfromtheprivatizationofSocialSecurity?
A.Investorsinstockmarkets.
B.Retiredworkersinthefuture.
C.ThefutureCongresses.
D.Accountinformationbrokers.
46.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardonlineeducation?
A.Definitelyopposed.
B.Stronglydoubted.
C.Completelywelcome
D.Reasonablyaccepted.
47.AmetalwithabuiltinmemoryisoneoftheveryusefuldiscoveriesmadeduringAmerica'sspaceprogram.NitinolwasdiscoveredbyscientistsworkingattheNavalSurfaceWeaponsCenter.Theywerelookingforheatshieldmetalsformissilesandsatellites,butwhattheyfoundwasnitinol.Thisalloycanbeformedintoshapesjustlikeanyothermetal,butitreturnstoitsoriginalform.atacertaintemperature.
Whenthisalloyofnickelandtitaniumisfirstformed,itisshapedintoingots,brickshapedmassesofthemetal.Thenitisdrawnoutintoawireofvaryingthickness,dependingonthejobitisdestinedtodo.Itissetintoitsdesiredcurveorshapeandheatedbriefly.Itisthencooledoffbydippingthewireincoldwater.This"sets"itsmemory.Themetalcanthenbeformedintoanydesiredshape,butwheneveritstemperatureexceedsitsroomtemperature,'itreturnstotheshapeithasmemorized.
Thismakesnitinolperfect,ofcourse,for,spacecraft,forantennas,probes,shields,andfolding"arms"madeofnitinolcanbestoredsafelyinsideaspacecraft,protectingthemfromdamageduringlaunching.Then,oncesafeinorbit,thespacecraftwouldsuddenly"grow"antennasandotherstructures.Thesun'srayswouldhavewarmedupthefoldedandcoilednitinol,anditwouldhavereturnedtoitsoriginalshape.
Butscientistshavefoundamoredowntoearthuseforthiswire:theynowuseittostrengthenteeth.Beforenitinol,teeththatneededstraighteninghavebracketsattachedtothem;wireswereattachedtothesetoexertapullintherightdirection.Butthispullmustbeconstant,andthestainlesssteelarchwirecannotexertthecorrectforceifithasbeenbentseveraltimesorifthetoothhasactuallymovedtowarditasplanned.Asaresult,manypeoplewithdentalbracesmusthavethewirereplacedmonthly,tightenedeveryfewweeks,oradjustedpainfullytightatthebeginningofthetreatment.
Butnitinolwirescanbeformedtoexertforceinacertaindirection,cooledofandthenreformedtofitthepatient'smouth.Asthemouthwarmsthenitinol,itbeginstotrytoassumeitspresetshape.Thisexertsasteadier,moreconstantpullonthetooththancouldeverbeachievedwithstainlesssteelwire.Nitinolcanbebentintosuchintricateshapes—whilemaintainingitspull—thatverydifficulttreatments,suchasmovingonetoothfrombehindanother,canbedonenowwithouttheexpenseorpainofconstantadjustment.Nitinolhascuttiletimeneededforthesetreatmentsbyalmosthalf,arealbenefitforbothpatientanddentist.
Themainideaofthispassageisthat______.
A.nitinolisahighlyversatilemetal
B.nitinolhelpedmakethespaceprogramasuccess
C.nitinolhasrevolutionizeddentalcare
D.mostalloyshave"memories"
48.
Themainideaofthesecondparagraphisthat______.
A.acountry'swealthdependsonmanyfactors
B.theUSisoneofthewealthiestcountriesintheworld
C.theSaharaDesertisaverypoorregion
D.naturalresourcesisanimportantfactorinthewealthorpovertyofacountry
49.
TheauthormostprobablythinksthatPicasso'sartis______.
A.unprecedentedB.complicatedC.apprehensibleD.matchless
50.SectionB
Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.
OnlytwomajorAmericanfilmforms—theslapstickcomedyandthewestern—withstoodtheeffectsofforeigninfluencesthroughoutthe1920's,whentheentirefilmindustry,wasdominatedbytheEuropeanmoviemakers.Theseformswerealreadyimmenselypopularallovertheworld(therewasnoneedtomakethemmore"artistic"byfollowingthelatestEuropeanfashions),andtheywereatoncetoosuccessfulandtoolowlytowarrantsuchimprovements-theywereconsidered"justentertainment."Theyborenoweightymessages,inspirednocultsandnoschoolsofesthetics.Buttheydelightedaudiences,bothhereandabroad,becausetheyweresopurelyandsimplyAmerica.Unconsciously,theyrepresentedallthatwasbestinAmericawithouttheslightesttraceofintention,ofsermonizing.Theingenuityandeternaloptimismofthecornicesandthecowboys'spiritofadventureastheyrodetheplainsinsearchofthenextfrontierwereenoughtocarrythemessageoftheAmericandreamtotiredEuropeans,tocrampedcitydwellers,tosmallboys,tope
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網頁內容里面會有圖紙預覽,若沒有圖紙預覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經權益所有人同意不得將文件中的內容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫網僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內容負責。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權或不適當內容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 新川教版七上3.2《在Python中用turtle模塊畫圖》第一課時 教案
- 2015-2016學年高中地理人教版必修一1.3 地球的運動教案(3課時)
- 游泳類運動的注意事項 教案
- 14圓明園的毀滅 教學設計
- 華東師大版八年級體育與健康 3.1球類運動的裁判規(guī)則 排球 教案
- 湘美版七下 7.《書法的結構之美》 第1課時 教案
- 監(jiān)理工程師《建設工程目標控制-交通運輸工程》考前模擬真題及答案B卷
- 牛津上海版科學七年級上冊 11.4 反射定律;聲音的產生 教案
- 必修二第六章第2節(jié)《基因工程及其應用》教案-張銀生
- 【新課標】Unit 4 I have a pen pal 單元整體教學設計
- DZ∕T 0338.2-2020 固體礦產資源量估算規(guī)程 第2部分 幾何法(正式版)
- 小學教育教學方法創(chuàng)新研究課題
- 2024年上海市嘉定區(qū)高三二??荚囉⒄Z試卷
- 幼兒園拍攝技巧培訓
- 第二單元 第3課時 圓柱的表面積(學習任務單)六年級數學下冊 高效課堂 蘇教版 蘇教版
- 網絡新聞評論智慧樹知到期末考試答案2024年
- 2024年西藏自治區(qū)中考地理真題(解析版)
- 2024屆成都市金牛區(qū)小升初考試語文試卷含答案
- (正式版)JBT 14682-2024 多關節(jié)機器人用伺服電動機技術規(guī)范
- 《寧向東的清華管理學課》學習筆記
- MOOC 管理咨詢-暨南大學 中國大學慕課答案
評論
0/150
提交評論