Unit7+知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解教案（含真題練習(xí)） 牛津譯林版英語八年級(jí)下冊(cè)

一、詞匯1.especially/??spe??li/【原文】Ithelpsbuildabetterworldforeveryone,especiallychildrenallovertheworld.(P93)【含義】adv.________________特別強(qiáng)調(diào)進(jìn)一步說明【例句】Ineverlikeoutdooractivities,especiallyinwinter.特別強(qiáng)調(diào)進(jìn)一步說明對(duì)前面所述的事件進(jìn)行_______________，并__________其中的某一項(xiàng)?！就卣埂颗cspecially的辨析只是為了…特地，專門Iboughtthecakespeciallyforyoutothanksforyourhelp.只是為了…特地，專門adv.________________強(qiáng)調(diào)目的的唯一性，“__________________”【練一練】Thismathsproblemis______________(特別)cation/?ed?u?ke??n/【原文】Itprovidesbasiceducationforchildreninpoorareas.(P93)【含義】n.__________【例句】Moreandmorestudentsgoabroadforfurthereducationnow.furthereducation__________【拓展】Ecationaladj.__________educatev.__________【練一練】1.Achildreceiveshisearly________________(educate)fromhisparents.2.WherecanIgetthiskindof_____________(education)CD?3.afford/??f??d/【原文】Manyofourpatientscan’taffordtogotohospital,sowehavetogotothem.(P94)affordtodosth.【含義】v.__________affordtodosth.【用法】__________________負(fù)擔(dān)得起做某事【例句】affordsth.Myparentscan’tevenaffordanewfridge.affordsth._____________買的起某物【練一練】--Nancy,youaregoingtobuyaflathere,aren'tyou?--Yes,butIcan't_______anexpensiveone.A.spend B.pay. C.cost D.afford4.setup【原文】OxfamwassetupintheUKin1942.(P100)【含義】__________【例句】Wesetitupfordisabledchildren.setupsth.=set_____up 當(dāng)sth.是__________詞時(shí)，只能放中間【拓展】含up的詞組pickup撿起，接 putup張貼，搭建 giveup放棄makeup編造 lookup查閱，查找 takeup占據(jù)【練一練】Wehave__someorganizationstohelpthepoorstudentsinthewesternareasofChina.A.takenup B.putup C.pickedup D.ud/pra?d/【原文】I’mproudtohelppeopleseeagainandimprovetheirlives.(P95)beproudtodosth.【含義】adj._____________________beproudtodosth.【用法】____________________以做某事為豪【派生】adv._________【例句】beproudofsth./sb.①Youwillbeproudofme,Dad.beproudofsth./sb.____________________以…為豪beproudthat+從句②Allofusareproudthatourteamwinthefirstprize!beproudthat+從句____________________因…而自豪【拓展】betheprideof①Heisalwaystheprideofhisparents.betheprideof________n.自豪，驕傲 ________________是…的驕傲pride pride proudtake_____________in=be____________of以…為豪【練一練】Weareproud_________ourhistoryandcultureandweareproud_____beChinese.A.of;of B.to;to C.of;to D.to;of6.hold/h??ld/【原文】AcharityshowwasheldbytheStudents’Union.(P100)【含義】v.________【屈折變化】hold—__________—__________【辨析】①Ourschoolsportsmeetingisheldtwiceayear.②Meetingstakeplaceonceaweek.hold為___________動(dòng)詞，有被動(dòng)語形式takeplace為___________動(dòng)詞詞組，無被動(dòng)形式【拓展1】holdvt.__________________；________①Don’tbeafraid.Iwillholdyourhand.holdvt._____________②Howmanypeoplecanyourschoolhallholdatpresent?holdvt._____________【拓展2】holdon(電話用語)別掛斷，等一下【練一練】Thecharityshow___(舉辦)inourcitytoraisemoneyforthepoorchildrenlastyear.7.develop/d??vel?p/【原文】Modernmedicineisdevelopingquicklyandnowmosteyeproblemsanddiseasescanbetreatedandcured.(P95)【含義】v.__________【例句】①Thegovernmentistryingbesttodevelopeducationtheseyears.developsth.________②Weshoulddevelopahabitofdoingexerciseregularly.developahabitof________③Asadevelopingcountry,thedevelopmentofChinareallyamazestheworld,especiallythedevelopedcountries._______________adj.發(fā)展中的_______________adj.發(fā)達(dá)的_______________n.發(fā)展【練一練】1.Asthestory______,thesecretofthecastleisdiscovered(發(fā)現(xiàn))littlebylittle.A.develops B.happens C.begins D.ends2.Chinaisa______countrywhiletheUSAisa______country.A.developing;developing B.developed;developedC.developing;developed D.developed;developing8.prevent/pr??vent/【原文】Italsoworkstopreventthespreadofsomeseriousdiseases,likeAIDS,amongyoungpeople.(P93)【含義】v.__________【例句】Nothingcanpreventhimfromworkinghard.=Nothingcanstophimfromworkinghard.=Nothingcankeephimfromworkinghard.preventsb.(from)doingsth.=stopsb.(from)doingsth.=keepsb.fromdoingsth.keep結(jié)構(gòu)中的from不可省略用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，三種結(jié)構(gòu)中的from都不可省略【練一練】Parentsshouldpreventtheirchildren_____crazyaboutcomputergames.A.tobe B.frombeing C.been D.forbeing9.spread/spred/【原文】Italsoworkstopreventthespreadofsomeseriousdiseases,likeAIDS,amongyoungpeople.(P93)【含義】n.[U]_______________【例句】WemusttakeactiontostopthespreadofCOVID-19.thespreadofsth.thespreadofsth.【拓展】Thecloudsspreadandnearlycoveredthesky.spreadv.擴(kuò)散【屈折變化】spread--_________--_________【練一練】我們應(yīng)該傳播知識(shí)來阻止人們傾倒垃圾到河流中。Knowledge__________________________________________________________10.carryon【原文】Butmoremoneyisneededtocarryonwithourwork.(P95)carryonwithsth.【含義】_______carryonwithsth.【用法】_________________繼續(xù)某事【例句】carryondoingsth.carryondoingsth.goon___________________繼續(xù)做某事goon【同義詞組】carryon=_________________【練一練】Thekingtooknonoticeofthenoiseinthecrowdand__________withtheparade.A.carryon B.carryout C.carriedon D.carriedout11.percent【原文】About80percentofthesecasescanbepreventedorcured.(P94)【含義】_____________=_______【例句】Morethan70percentoftheearthiscoveredwithwater.percent無_______形式引導(dǎo)的短語做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后_______的單復(fù)數(shù)【練一練】Seventy-fivepercent______theteachers______womenteachersinourschool.A.of;are B.of;is C.from;are D.in;is二、詞組辨析第一組includeincluding includedThirtypassengerswerehurt,includingfivechildren.Thirtypassengerswerehurt,fivechildrenincluded.Hiswritingsincludepoetryandnovels.include動(dòng)詞，“包括，包含”，

做謂語，側(cè)重被包含的是整體的一部分。including介詞，“包括…在內(nèi)”，位于包含內(nèi)容之前，其前用逗號(hào)隔開，不能做謂語included過去分詞形式的形容詞，“包括…在內(nèi)”，位于所修飾詞之后第二組mostmostlyalmostMostofthetreesinthisareawerecutdownlastyear. most作代詞Pennyhasmadethemostmistakesintheexam. most作形容詞Mostpeoplearewillingtogiveseatstotheold. most作形容詞Ienjoypopularsongsmost. most作副詞Shealwaysgoeshiking,mostlyonSundays. mostly作副詞Almostnobodybelieveshiswords. almost作副詞most作名詞時(shí)意思是“大部分，大多數(shù)”，作形容詞時(shí)意思是“大部分的，多數(shù)的；最多的”，作副詞時(shí)意思是“最；非常，極其；最多；幾乎”。mostly只作副詞，表示主要地，大部分地，修飾動(dòng)詞或介詞詞組為主。almost作副詞，幾乎，接近全部【練一練】_______ofthepeopleintheNorthliveonwheat.Theylive_______onwheat.A.Mostly;mostB.Most;mostlyC.Mostly;almost D.Most;almost三、重點(diǎn)句型1.Weonlyhave5kilometersleft.(P92)【句型】______________【例句】--Thereislittlesugarleft.Wouldyouliketobuysomeforme?--I’dliketo,butIhavenomoneyleft.havesomethingleft/therebe….left有…剩下【練一練】他花光了所有零花錢，現(xiàn)在一分錢也不剩了。Hespendsallofhispocketmoneyandhe_______________________now.2.IcouldnotsleepatallthatnightbecauseIwassoexcited.(P103)【句型】not…atall【含義】一點(diǎn)兒也不，根本不【拓展】--Thankssomuchforyourhelp.--Notatall.Notatall意為不客氣，不用謝。相當(dāng)于Youarewelcome.【練一練】我的朋友根本不會(huì)講話，因?yàn)樗且恢恍」?。Myfriend___________________________becauseheisapuppy.四、語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的定義&基本結(jié)構(gòu)定義：主動(dòng)語態(tài)：主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，賓語是動(dòng)作的承受者，主謂為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。被動(dòng)語態(tài)：主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者常由by引出，主謂為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+be+動(dòng)詞過去分詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者 動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者 動(dòng)作的承受者TheyplantTheyplant alotoftreesinthepark.主語主語 謂語 賓語 其他被動(dòng)語態(tài)AlotoftreesAlotoftreesareplantedbytheminthepark.動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者be+動(dòng)詞過去分詞動(dòng)作的承受者動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者be+動(dòng)詞過去分詞動(dòng)作的承受者被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法：不知道動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者是誰/沒必要指出動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者/更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者Thecomputersinthelibrarywerestolenlastnight.Thebridgewasbuiltin1983.“誰做動(dòng)作不知道，說出誰做沒必要，動(dòng)作承受者需強(qiáng)調(diào)，被動(dòng)語態(tài)運(yùn)用到”Luciawaschosentobethenewchairpersonbythem.“誰做動(dòng)作不知道，說出誰做沒必要，動(dòng)作承受者需強(qiáng)調(diào)，被動(dòng)語態(tài)運(yùn)用到”被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句:TheboywaslookedafterbyMrJames10yearsago.主語+be+動(dòng)詞過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者+其他否定句:Theboywasn’tlookedafterbyMrJames10yearsago.主語+be+not+動(dòng)詞過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者+其他一般疑問句:WastheboylookedafterbyMrJames10yearsago?be動(dòng)詞+主語+動(dòng)詞過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者+其他？特殊疑問句WhenwastheboylookedafterbyMrJames?特殊疑問詞+be動(dòng)詞+主語+動(dòng)詞過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者?總結(jié):被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：肯定句：主語+be+過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者+其他否定句：主語+be+not+過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者+其他一般疑問句：be+主語+動(dòng)詞過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者+其他特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+be動(dòng)詞+主語+過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者+其他【練一練】連詞成句Thesweetsongissungbyher.1.issung;thesweetsong;by;her.Thesweetsongissungbyher.__________________________________________________________________Manyaccidentswerecausedbycarelessdriverslastyear.2.werecaused;manyaccidents;lastyear;by;carelessdrivers.Manyaccidentswerecausedbycarelessdriverslastyear._________________________________________________________________Aneworganizationwassetuptohelpthepoorbymybrother.3.mybrother;aneworganization;tohelpthepoor;by;wassetup.Aneworganizationwassetuptohelpthepoorbymybrother.__________________________________________________________________被動(dòng)語態(tài)與時(shí)態(tài)I被動(dòng)語態(tài)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):Footballisplayedbymanypeopleintheworld.ThemodelplanesarenotmadebyMr.Wu.主語+am/is/are(not)done+by+動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者+其他被動(dòng)語態(tài)與一般過去時(shí)ManyblindpeoplewerehelpedbyORBISdoctors.Thesportsmeetingwasn’theldbyourschoolbecauseoftherain.主語+was/were(not)done+by+動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者+其他【練一練】1.I_______littletimetogetreadyforthetest,soIwasn’tconfidentatthattime.A.gave B.didn’tgive C.wasgiven D.wasn’tgiven2.Chineseisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.It_____inmanyschoolsinforeigncountries.A.teaches B.isteaching C.istaught D.hastaught3.English_______inmanycountries,buttheChinese_______theirownlanguage.A.speaks;spoken B.isspoken;isspokenC.isspoken;speak D.isspoken;speaks4.Itisimpolitetosaynothingwhenyou______(ask)toanswertheteacher'squestion.5.Ididn’tgofishingwithhimuntilmyhomework__________(do).主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換(1)主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)(一般情況)主語(主動(dòng)語態(tài))謂語賓語其他Hemendedthe

bikeyesterday.主語(被動(dòng)語態(tài))謂語by+原主語其他Thebikewasmendedbyhimyesterday口訣：賓變主，主變賓，by短語后面跟。謂語動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)，be后“過分”來使用。(2)含賓語補(bǔ)足語的主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)主語(主動(dòng)語態(tài))謂語賓語賓補(bǔ)Wekeptthe

roomclean.主語(被動(dòng)語態(tài))謂語主補(bǔ)by+

原主語Theroomwaskeptcleanbyus(3)含雙賓語的主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)主語謂語間接賓語直接賓語Jackboughtus

some

flowers直賓變主語謂語(原)間賓by+原主語Some

flowerswereboughtforusbyJack.間賓變主語謂語

by+原主語We

wereboughtsomeflowersbyJack.總結(jié)：①主動(dòng)語態(tài)含有雙賓語，即直接賓語和間接賓語的句子，二者都可以在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中做主語。②直接賓語做主語時(shí)需根據(jù)固定搭配補(bǔ)充介詞for或to并注意其位置。(4)謂語部分含動(dòng)詞詞組的主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)主語謂語賓語其他Tracytakes

care

ofthe

babywith

patience.The

babyistakencareofby

Tracywith

patience.由動(dòng)介或動(dòng)副短語構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞詞組，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)時(shí)應(yīng)視作一個(gè)整體，不可拆分。動(dòng)詞詞組例：laughat;operateon;handin;makeuseof;giveup;putoff;workout等。【練一練】1.InChina,theold_______.A.aretakengoodcareof B.aretakengoodcare C.istakengoodcareof D.istakengoodcare2.Who________thisbook________?A.did;written B.was;writtenby C.do;written D.was;writtenin3.Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.(改為被動(dòng)句2種)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Thepolicefoundhimhidinginthebush.(改為被動(dòng)句)________________________________________________________被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊說明I(1)省to不定式：主動(dòng)語態(tài)不帶to，被動(dòng)語態(tài)還原toIheardsomeonecomeupthestairs.→Someonew