2024屆高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)練學(xué)案（人教版）專(zhuān)題二第3講形容詞和副詞

第3講形容詞和副詞Iboughtaninteresting①novelbookissointeresting②thatIcanhardlyletgoofit.Worried③aboutmystudy，mymothertookit，Ifoundmymotherabsorbed④init.Mymotherisreadingthenovelattentively⑤nowandsheisquite⑤movedbyit.Obviously⑥，shewon’treturnthebooktomesoon.[規(guī)則感悟]①修飾名詞，往往用形容詞作定語(yǔ)。②在系動(dòng)詞之后，往往用形容詞作表語(yǔ)。③表示情緒和精神狀態(tài)的形容詞可以作狀語(yǔ)。④在“感官或使役動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)”之后，形容詞可以作賓補(bǔ)，說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。⑤副詞可以描述某個(gè)動(dòng)作的情況或者描述動(dòng)作、行為或狀態(tài)的程度。⑥副詞可以放在句首，作評(píng)論性狀語(yǔ)，修飾整個(gè)句子。1．形容詞的構(gòu)詞規(guī)則類(lèi)別例詞加-ycloud→cloudy，luck→lucky，health→healthy，fog→foggy加-(e)dgift→gifted，talent→talented，advance→advanced，excite→excited加-ingsurprise→surprising，convince→convincing，frighten→frightening，appeal→appealing，reward→rewarding，invite→inviting加-ful/-lessmeaning→meaningful/meaningless，care→careful/careless，help→helpful/helpless，harm→harmful/harmless，colour→colourful/colourless，use→useful/useless，thank→thankful/thankless加-ablecomfort→comfortable，knowledge→knowledgeable，accept→acceptable，respect→respectable加-ousdanger→dangerous，courage→courageous，humour→humorous-ce變?yōu)?tconfidence→confident，difference→different加-almusic→musical，person→personal，nation→national，education→educational，tradition→traditional加-lyfriend→friendly，week→weekly，love→lovely加-enwood→wooden，wool→woolen加-ive/-ativeattract→attractive，talk→talkative，prevent→preventive，protect→protective其他常見(jiàn)變化energy→energetic，fool→foolish，pleasure→pleasant/pleased，science→scientific注意以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)名詞加后綴-y變成形容詞時(shí)，要雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母再加-y，如：sun→sunny，fun→funny等。以-e結(jié)尾的名詞加-y變形容詞時(shí)要去掉e再加-y，如：noise→noisy，ice→icy，taste→tasty等。2．形容詞變副詞的規(guī)則類(lèi)別例詞(1)一般形容詞變副詞直接在其后加-ly。quick→quickly，anxious→anxiously(2)以輔音字母＋e結(jié)尾的形容詞直接加-ly，以元音字母＋e結(jié)尾的形容詞去掉e再加-ly。immediate→immediately，polite→politely，true→truly(3)以輔音字母＋le結(jié)尾的形容詞要去掉e再加-y。possible→possibly，probable→probably(4)以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾的形容詞要變y為i再加-ly。happy→happily，healthy→healthily(5)以ic結(jié)尾的形容詞要在其后加-ally。economic→economically，basic→basically(6)以ll結(jié)尾的形容詞要在其后加-y。full→fully，dull→dully注意下面這兩個(gè)單詞是特殊的形式：whole→whollypublic→publicly3．常見(jiàn)的以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞(1)表示時(shí)間的形容詞：hourly每小時(shí)的；daily每天的；weekly每周的；monthly每月的；yearly每年的；timely及時(shí)的，適時(shí)的。(2)表示人的形容詞：manly有男子氣概的；womanly女性特有的；motherly慈母般的；fatherly慈父般的；comradely同志般的。(3)表示人的外貌、特征、性格、心理等的形容詞：lovely可愛(ài)的；friendly友好的；ugly難看的；lively活潑的；lonely孤獨(dú)的；unfriendly不友好的；kindly親切的；sickly多病的；elderly年長(zhǎng)的。(4)表示事物特征、環(huán)境、情況、狀態(tài)的形容詞：likely可能的；orderly整齊的；deadly致命的；chilly寒冷的；disorderly亂七八糟的；unlikely不大可能發(fā)生的。4．如何區(qū)分-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞與-ing結(jié)尾的形容詞(1)-ing結(jié)尾的形容詞主要用于修飾物或事，表示事物的性質(zhì)或特征，常譯為“令人……的”。(2)-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞通常用于說(shuō)明人的感受，常譯為“感到……的”，也可以修飾事物，多修飾smile(微笑)，appearance(外貌)，face(面部表情)，voice(聲音)，look(表情)，expression(表情)等表示人的情緒狀況的名詞。Hehadapleasedsmileonhisface.他臉上露出了滿意的微笑。Hetoldmethenewsinaveryexcitedvoice.他以非常激動(dòng)的聲音告訴了我這個(gè)消息。5．?？嫉倪B接性副詞though然而，可是；meanwhile在此期間；therefore/thus/consequently因此，所以；moreover/furthermore而且，此外；besides而且，另外，還有；however然而；instead相反，代替；anyway/anyhow盡管，即使這樣；otherwise否則。Theyoungmancouldn’taffordanewcar.Instead，heboughtausedone.那個(gè)年輕人買(mǎi)不起新車(chē)，便買(mǎi)了一輛二手的。Thehousewastooexpensiveandtoobig.Besides，I’dgrownfondofourlittlerentedhouse.這個(gè)房子太貴、太大了。而且，我已經(jīng)越來(lái)越喜歡我們租的小屋了。6．意義不同的同根副詞(1)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(closeadv.不遠(yuǎn)地；接近地,closelyadv.密切地))(2)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(freeadv.免費(fèi)地,freelyadv.自由地))(3)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(hardadv.努力地,hardlyadv.幾乎不))(4)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(lateadv.晚，遲,latelyadv.近來(lái)))(5)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(mostadv.非常；幾乎，差不多,mostlyadv.主要地))(6)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(wideadv.盡可能遠(yuǎn)地；充分地,widelyadv.廣泛地))(7)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(highadv.高,highlyadv.高度地))(8)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(deepadv.深地；在深處,deeplyadv.深刻地))(9)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(nearadv.在附近,nearlyadv.幾乎))對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)1．Theoldpeoplethereweretalkativeandtheytoldustheirpersonal(person)storiescheerfully.2．Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop，andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousanddisappointed(disappoint)．3．I’llneverforgettheamazing(amaze)tripIhadinBeijing，ChinaandIhopetogotherenexttimewithmyfriends.4．Hespentsevendaysinthewindandsnow，coldandhungry(hunger)．5．Inthestudy，GBSwasusedtoprovideahighly(high)efficientwayofdemonstratingquantumcomputationalspeedupinsolvingsometasks.6．Thetitlewillbeofficially(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.7．Luckily(lucky)，healsohasacowwhichproducesmilkeveryday.8．Iamterribly(terrible)sorrythatIcan’tgotothebookstorewithyouattheappointedtime.Inmyfamily，mymotheristhethinnest①.Myfatherismuchtaller②thanherandme，butheistwiceasheavyas③mymother，andbecomingfatterandfatter④.Heisquiteworriedbecausethefatter⑤heis，themorelikely⑤heistobeill.[規(guī)則感悟]①形容詞和副詞變比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)，一般直接加-er或-est；以e結(jié)尾的直接加-r或-st；以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞注意雙寫(xiě)結(jié)尾輔音字母；以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的詞，將y變?yōu)閕再加-er或-est；多音節(jié)詞前面加more或most。兩者或兩部分之間比較，多用比較級(jí)；三者或三者以上的比較，可以使用最高級(jí)。②比較級(jí)常常和than連用，并且可以被much，alittle，abit，even，far，still等詞修飾。③倍數(shù)表達(dá)法：?A＋謂語(yǔ)＋倍數(shù)＋adj./adv.比較級(jí)＋than＋B?A＋謂語(yǔ)＋倍數(shù)＋as＋adj./adv.原級(jí)(＋名詞)＋as＋B?A＋謂語(yǔ)＋倍數(shù)＋the＋名詞(size，length，height，weight等)＋of＋B④“adj./adv.比較級(jí)＋and＋adj./adv.比較級(jí)”表示“越來(lái)越……”。⑤“the＋比較級(jí)．..，the＋比較級(jí)．..”表示“越……，就越……”。1．少數(shù)以-er，-ow，-y或-le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，可以加-er構(gòu)成比較級(jí)，加-est構(gòu)成最高級(jí)。clever→cleverer→cleverestnarrow→narrower→narrowesteasy→easier→easiestsimple→simpler→simplest2．有些形容詞沒(méi)有程度可分或其本身就表示某種程度，因此沒(méi)有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。這類(lèi)形容詞有right(正確的)，wrong(錯(cuò)誤的)，possible(可能的)，empty(空的)，first(第一的)，wooden(木制的)，final(最后的)，east(東方的)，last(最后的)等。3．有些形容詞和副詞變比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)時(shí)為不規(guī)則變化，需牢記。good/well→better→bestbad/ill→worse→worstmany/much→more→mostlittle→less→leastold→older/elder→oldest/eldestfar→farther→farthest(指具體空間上)far→further→furthest(指抽象程度上)4．比較級(jí)的基本用法(1)同級(jí)比較①as＋adj./adv.(原級(jí))＋as...“和……一樣”；notas/so＋adj./adv.(原級(jí))＋as...“不如……”Sincepeoplearefondofhumour，itisaswelcomeinconversationasanywhereelse.因?yàn)槿藗兿矚g幽默，所以在談話中或其他任何地方它都是受歡迎的。②當(dāng)as...as結(jié)構(gòu)中有名詞時(shí)，可用以下結(jié)構(gòu)：as＋形容詞原級(jí)＋a(n)＋n.＋as...as＋many＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋as...as＋much＋不可數(shù)名詞＋as...I’mnotalittletiredtodayaftergivingtheroomathoroughcleaningandIhaveneverhadastiringadayastoday.今天對(duì)房間進(jìn)行了大掃除之后我非常累，我從來(lái)沒(méi)有過(guò)比今天更累的一天了。(2)比較級(jí)比較“形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)＋than”表示“兩者中一方比另一方更……”?！發(fā)ess＋形容詞/副詞原級(jí)＋than”表示“一方不及另一方……”。Iknowmysisterbetterthananyoneshehasmadeuphermind，nothingcanchangeit.我比其他任何人更了解我姐姐。她一旦下定決心，沒(méi)有什么能夠改變。5．比較級(jí)的特殊用法①“more＋原級(jí)＋than＋原級(jí)”表示“與其說(shuō)……不如說(shuō)……”。Thegirlwasmorefrightenedthanhurt.與其說(shuō)這個(gè)女孩是受了傷，不如說(shuō)是受到了驚嚇。②“morethan＋主語(yǔ)＋can＋謂語(yǔ)”表示“非……所能；……不能”。ThebeautyofthecityismorethanIcandescribe.這座城市的美是我所不能描述的。③形容詞比較級(jí)前一般不用冠詞，但如果出現(xiàn)表示范圍的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，就需要加定冠詞。Ofthetwosisters，Maryisthecleverer.這兩姐妹中，瑪麗更聰明。6．比較級(jí)形式表示最高級(jí)含義在某個(gè)特定范圍內(nèi)，同類(lèi)事物對(duì)比，可用以下比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級(jí)含義。①比較級(jí)＋than＋anyother＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)②比較級(jí)＋than＋theother＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)③比較級(jí)＋than＋anyone/anythingelse④比較級(jí)＋than＋anyoftheother＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)⑤“否定詞＋比較級(jí)”也可表示最高級(jí)含義。Chinaisthelargestcountryinis，itislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.中國(guó)是亞洲最大的國(guó)家。即中國(guó)比亞洲其他任何國(guó)家都要大。Nomanisbetterthanyouintheworld.人世間沒(méi)有人比你好。Ihaven’treadamoreinterestingnovel.這是我讀過(guò)的最有趣的小說(shuō)了。7．最高級(jí)的基本用法(1)形容詞最高級(jí)(＋名詞)＋表示范圍的狀語(yǔ)Sheisthemostactivestudentinourclass.她是我們班最活躍的學(xué)生。(2)oneof＋形容詞最高級(jí)＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)Shanghaiisoneofthebiggestcitiesinourcountry.＝Shanghaiisamongthebiggestcitiesinourcountry.上海是我國(guó)最大的城市之一。(3)序數(shù)詞＋形容詞最高級(jí)＋名詞Africaisthesecondlargestcontinentintheworld.非洲是世界上第二大洲。對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)1．Themore(much)wedoforthoseinneed，thehappierwe’llbe.2．Roadsafetyhasarousedwider(wide)attentionofthepublicthanbefore.3．Duringtheendofthe19thcenturyandthebeginningofthe20thcentury，BeijingOperafinallyformedandbecamethebiggest(big)ofalloperasinChina.4．Ihavenevermetakinder(kind)teacherthanMrsSmithbefore.5．Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfaster(fast)thantraditionalgarbageasawhole.6．Whenyoustudythelocalmap，you’llfindthistownistwicethesizeofthatone.7．Ihaveseldomseenmymotheras/sopleasedwithmyprogressassheisnow.1．Whenthehousewasbuilt，itwasmuchsmaller(small)thanitistoday.(2021·浙江6月)2．Localpeoplewereprovidedwithfinancial(finance)aidandotherbenefits.3．Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(畫(huà)像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststocomeandpresenttheirfinest(fine)work，sothathecouldchoosethebest.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅲ)4．Asthesmallboatmovedgently(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅲ)層級(jí)一基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)練單句語(yǔ)法填空1．LastOctober，whiletendinghergardeninMora，Sweden，LenaPahlssonpulledoutahandfulofsmallcarrots(carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway.2．Handlethemostimportanttasksfirst，andyou’llfeelarealsenseofachievement(achieve)．3．Althoughheresearchescloning，hisintention(intend)hasneverbeentocreatecopiesofhumans.4．Intheearlyfifties(fifty)，researchersfoundthatpeoplescoredhigheronintelligencetestsiftheyspokemorethanonelanguage.5．Sheisthetwelfth(twelve)tutor，whohascometolookafterhischildrensincetheirmotherdied.6．Theoldmangoestotheparkeverythird(three)day，joggingwithhisfellows.7．Butthesuccessfultestdrillingforfireicedoesnotmeanitcanbeextractedforindustrial(industry)use.8．Theworld’spopulationisincreasingatasurprising(surprise)rateandourenvironmentisfacinggreatpressure.9．Nowadaysit’sthesecondlargest(large)cityinBulgariaandit’sasignificanteconomic，educationalandculturalcenter.10．Indiansstartpracticingyogaataveryyoungage，sotheirbodiesareevenstronger(strong)．層級(jí)二高考真題練單句語(yǔ)法填空1．JohnOlson，aformerphotographer(photograph)andhisteamturnpaintingsintofullytextured3Dmodels.(2022·浙江6月)2．CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad，inordertopromoteenvironmentalprotection(protect)．(2022·全國(guó)甲)3．Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmoremeaningful(meaning)．Thetwoofthemcollectedmorethan1,000plasticbottlesalongthe40-dayjourney.(2022·全國(guó)甲)4．Inthelastfiveyears，Caohaswalkedthrough34countriesinsixcontinents，andin2016，hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro，Africa’shighest(high)mountain.(2022·全國(guó)甲)5．TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparatepopulations(population)andhomesofgiantpandas，andeventually(eventual)achieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.(2022·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ)6．Onthedayoftheaccident，MrsBrownwasatworkandEricwasathomewithhisbothfellasleep(sleep)whilewatchingTV.(2022·新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ)7．Whenhelookeddown，heaccidentally(accidental)slippedandfellovertheedge.(2022·新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ)8．Thismaybeduetosomedisadvantagesforpeoplelivinginthecountryside，includinglower(low)levelsofincomeandeducation，highercostsofhealthyfoods，andfewersportsfacilities.(2021·浙江1月)9．Itiscalculatedbydividingaperson’s(person)weightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared，andaBMIofbetween19and25isconsideredhealthy.(2021·浙江1月)10．Filledwithcuriosity(curious)，theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅲ)層級(jí)三語(yǔ)篇提能練語(yǔ)法填空(2022·浙江1月改編)KimCobb，aprofessorattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyinAtlanta，isoneofasmallbutgrowingminorityof1.(academic)whoarecuttingbackontheirairtravelbecauseofclimatetoconferences，lectures，workshops，andthelike—2.(frequent)byplane—3.(view)asimportantforscientiststogettogetherandexchangeCobbandothersarenowquestioningthatidea—pushingconferencestoprovidemorechancestoparticipateremotelyandchangingtheir4.(person)behaviortodotheirpartindealingwiththeclimatechangeawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci，forexample,5.(rough)200academics—manyofthemclimatescientists—havepromisedtoflyaslittle6.possiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.Cobb，forherpart，startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeak7.______shecoulddosoremotely；abouttwo-8.(three)ofthetime，theytheanswerwasno，shedeclinedthe9.(invite)．ThatapproachbroughtCobb’sairtravellastyeardownby75%，andsheplanstocontinuethepractice.“Ithasbeenfairlyrewarding，”shesays—“10.reallypositivechange.”語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一個(gè)由學(xué)者團(tuán)體發(fā)起的實(shí)踐，目的是減少學(xué)術(shù)飛行以應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化危機(jī)。1．答案academics解析考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。此句話中前面有oneof，所以后面名詞應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填academics。2．答案frequently解析考查副詞。此處所填單詞應(yīng)該修飾前面的動(dòng)名詞travelling，所以應(yīng)用副詞，故填frequently。3．答案isviewed/hasbeenviewed解析考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。描述人們普遍認(rèn)知的事情用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，此處也可以表示強(qiáng)調(diào)人們從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在的認(rèn)知，動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)與view之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填isviewed或hasbeenviewed。4．答案personal解析考查形容詞。此處所填的單詞應(yīng)該修飾后面的名詞behavior，所以應(yīng)用形容詞形式，故填personal。5．答案roughly解析考查副詞。此處修飾數(shù)字用副詞roughly“大約”，故填roughly。6．答案as解析考查原級(jí)比較?！癮s＋形容詞/副詞原級(jí)＋as”為固定用法，故填as。7．答案whether/if解析考查賓語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句作ask的賓語(yǔ)，意為“是否”，故填whether/if。8．答案thirds解析考查數(shù)詞。此處是分?jǐn)?shù)2/3的表達(dá)方式，分子如果大于1，分母要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填thirds。9．答案invitation解析考查名詞。此處需填入名詞作動(dòng)詞declined的賓語(yǔ)，故填invitation。10．答案a解析考查冠詞。此處表示一個(gè)積極的改變，表泛指，且really的發(fā)音為輔音音素開(kāi)頭，所以應(yīng)該用不定冠詞a。1．形容詞的名詞化表達(dá)某些形容詞可以用“beof＋抽象名詞”來(lái)表達(dá)。例如：beimportant＝beofimportancebebeneficial＝beofbenefitbevaluable＝beofvaluebehelpful＝beofhelpbeuseful＝beofuseeq\x(典例)(2022·全國(guó)甲)說(shuō)到海洋，它對(duì)世界非常重要，然而，它的污染正變得越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重。Wheni