2023年高考英語新材料仿真模擬押題卷（北京專用卷）（原卷版）

2023年高考英語新材料仿真模擬押題卷 （北京專用卷）本試卷共11頁，共100分?？荚嚂r(shí)長90分鐘。第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。MichaelEvanswasstandinginlineattheTreasurer’sOfficelastAugust,waitingtopayhistaxes,whenhehearda(n)____1____soundaheadofhim.Theelderlywomanatthewindowwascrying.Heheardthecashier____2____thewomanthatherhousewasinforeclosure(喪失抵押品贖回權(quán))andheadedforauction(拍賣).Healsoheardthewomantellthecashierthatherdaughterhadrecentlydied.Evans,abusinessmanwhohadjustburiedhisfather,couldn’t____3____theideaofthiswomanlosingherhomerightafterlosingherchild.He____4____thewindow.“Idon’tmeantobuttin,”hesaidtothecashier,“butifyoucangetherhouseback,I’llpayforhertaxes.”Theamountaddedupto$5,000.Theoldwomanwasshocked.Herdespairturnedto____5____.Thecashierleftforamomentto____6____thatitwasallrightforEvanstopayit.Evanspromisedtogostraighttothebankandcomebackwiththemoney.Butwhenhereturnedtothetreasurer’soffice,heaskedsomeoneelsewaitinginlinetohandthe$5,000checktothecashier.Evanswastryingto____7____quietlyand,preferably,anonymously(匿名地).“Ididn’twantthisattention,”heexplained.However,attentionfoundhim.It’snoteverydaythatsomeonepaysastranger’staxbill.Asisreported,Evansoftenfindshimselfonthegivingendofcharitablesituations,thoughforyearshewentunrecognizedforit.Asforpayingtheelderlywoman’staxes,Evanssaidhediditfor____8____buttomakesuretheladystayedinherownhouse.Afewweeksafterthetax____9____,EvansreceivedtheSpiritofDetroitAwardforhislifetimeof_____10_____.1．A．exciting B．frightening C．a(chǎn)ppealing D．disturbing2．A．ensure B．talk C．inform D．state3．A．support B．bear C．leave D．witness4．A．a(chǎn)pproached B．passed C．a(chǎn)ccessed D．marched5．A．fright B．sorrow C．guilt D．disbelief6．A．conduct B．confirm C．compensate D．comprehend7．A．runaway B．slipaway C．passaway D．putaway8．A．nothing B．a(chǎn)nything C．something D．everything9．A．a(chǎn)ccident B．coincidence C．incident D．event10．A．generosity B．courage C．optimism D．modesty第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題分，共15分）A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Aneight-year-oldgirlinTexashasdesignedapop-upclassroomtohelppoorchildren.PaisleyElliottcameupwiththeideaaftersheheardthataschoolshehadhelpedtobuildinGreece____11____(destroy)byfire.Elliottconsidersherselfaperson____12____triestoimprovepeople’slivesandreducesuffering.Now,she____13____(raise)moneytotakeherpop-upclassroomtoUganda,inAfrica.B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Abook____14____(name)WhoMovedMyCheesehasbeenabestseller(暢銷書)allovertheworld.It____15____(teach)peoplehowtofacechangesintheirlives.NowitsauthorSpenceJohnsonhaswrittenabookjustforteens.Thebooktellsusthatwhenfacingachangeinourlives,likeanewschoolornewfriends,don’tbeafraid.Instead,usethischange____16____(make)abetterlife.Thebookgivesanexampleofachangeatschool.C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。ZhangGuimeihascommittedherlifetoimprovinggirls’educationinaremote,mountainousregioninYunnanProvinceby____17____(start)China’sfirstfreehighschoolforfemalestudents.HerstoryhasmovedmillionsofChinesepeopleandisnowwrittenintoanewly____18____(publish)

book—BriefHistoryofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.

Itdescribedher____19____amoralmodelwhousesloveandwisdomtohelpthousandsofrural____20____(girl)realizetheirdreams.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ATourisminBotswana’sOkavangoDeltageneratesrevenuethatdirectlyfundsconservation.Herearereasonswhyit’ssoworthvisitingandwhyit’smeaningfultosupporttheefforttoconservethisworldwonder.It’sbirdwatchers’paradise.Some450speciesofwetlandbirdshavebeenrecordedintheDelta.Despitethediversityofspecieshere,overallbirdnumbersintheDeltaseemtochange,whichiswhatledtheNationalGeographicOkavangoWildernessProject(NGOWP)tosurveytheriversystemthatfeedsit.TheNGOWPdiscoveredthethreatstothissystem,includinguncontrollablefire,commercialagriculture,andwaterdiversion,whichcouldimpactbirdnumbersintheDelta.Youcanspotbiggame.BigcatswalkthroughtheDelta’sopenplains,alongwithmanyofAfrica’sotherremarkablemammals.Alocalguidewillbeabletogetyouclosertopredatorslikelions,leopards,andwilddogs.Viewinglionsinvolveswalkinginsinglefileasyourguidespotsandfollowsfreshpawprints.OkavangoEternalisworkingtocreateprotectedwildlifecorridorsalongtheriversthatfeedtheDeltasothatanimalscanmovesafelyandfreely.It’salittlebreakfromtheworld.Inadditiontotheexcitementofseeingincrediblewildlife,there’snothingquitelikethefeelingofferedbythequietisolationattheheartoftheOkavangoDelta.Alow-impacttourismmodelmeansthatfootfallthroughtheDeltaiscarefullymanaged,makingforaunique,highlytailoredtrip.There’realsotentedcampsalltheway.It’srichinculturalheritage.ThelocalcommunitiesaredescendedfromearlySansettlers,andmanyancientcultures,suchastheBayei,stillemploysupremehunter-gathererskillstotrackanimalsandfindusefulplants,addingdepthtothebushexperience.Yettherearestillmanytourismopportunities.21．WhatistheNGOWPconcernedaboutfortheDelta?A．Thelackoffunds. B．Thecrowdsoftourists.C．Thedecreaseinpopulation. D．Thethreatstotheriversystem.22．Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?A．Wetlandbirds. B．Wildwolves. C．Campingspots. D．Localcultures.23．Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A．Anewsreport. B．Atextbook. C．Amagazine. D．Anadvertisement.BOnemorningin2003,a19-year-oldAmyPurdyleftforherjobasanurseryteacher,feelinghealthyandreadyforherday.Halfwaythroughhermorning,shestartedtofeelachyandunwell.Oncehome,shehadafeverandfellintoadeepsleepthatwasimpossibleforhertoshake.Afterashort,tenseridetothenearesthospital,Purdywasgivenlessthanatwopercentchanceofsurviving.Overthecourseofthe2.5monthtreatmentthatfollowed,shelostkidney(腎)functionandhearinginherleftear—thenherspleenand,eventually,bothofherlegs.Whatdoctorsthoughtwasthefluendedupbeingaverydeadlymeningitis(腦膜炎)infection.Purdy’slifewaschangedforever.Itwaswhenshewasinbedformonthsthatshestartedtothinkaboutthatbiglifequestion:whatwasherstorygoingtobe?Shebegandreamingaboutsnowboardingandvisualizedherselfcarvingdownamountainofpowder,feelingthewindonherface.Thismadeherreturntothesportasadouble-amputee(截肢者).Beingbackontheboardwasroughatfirst—severaltimes,herboardandherprosthetic(假體的)legsflewdownthemountainwithouther.ButPurdyhadastrongwillandsetouttobuildherownprostheticsthatwouldbepurposebuiltforsnowboarding.Purdy’sfirsthomemadesnowboardingfeetisondisplayintheSmithsoniannow.In2005,afterher21stbirthday—andthegiftofanewkidneyfromherfather—PurdydecidedtostartAdaptiveActionSports.Purdyandherfamilyorganizedateamofsnowboardersandbeganpushingfortheirsporttobepartofthe2014ParalympicGamesinSochi,Sinceherillnesstookherlegs18yearsago,Purdyhasmanagedtosqueezeasmuchachievementandjoyoutofherlifeaspossible.“Maybeinsteadoflookingatallourchallengesandbarriersassomethingnegativeorbad,”sheproposes,“maybewecanlookatthemaslittlegiftsthatfireourimaginations.”24．AmyPurdyeventuallylostherlegsbecauseof________.A．a(chǎn)suddenaccidentB．theseriousinfectionC．thesportstrainingD．thekidneyfailure25．Accordingtothepassage,wecanlearnthat________.A．Purdy’sfatherdonatedakidneytoherB．Purdy’sformerjobwasasnowboardathleteC．Purdymadehersnowboardingfeetwithherfriends’helpD．Purdy’steamsnowboardingsucceededwhentheyappliedforthefirsttime26．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeAmyPurdy?A．Smartandmature.B．Selflessandpatient.C．Determinedandoptimistic.D．Creativeandmodest.CAlthoughithasbeenrevealedinrecentyearsthatplantsarecapableofseeing,hearingandsmelling,theyarestillusuallythoughtofassilent.Butnow,forthefirsttime,theyhavebeenrecordedmakingultrasoniccrieswhenstressed,whichresearcherssaycouldopenupanewfieldofprecisionagriculturewherefarmerslistenforwater-starvedcrops.ItzhakKhaitandhiscolleaguesatTelAvivUniversityinIsraelfoundthattomatoandtobaccoplantsmadecriesatfrequencieshumanscannothearwhenstressedbyalackofwaterorwhentheirstemiscut.Microphonesplaced10centimetresfromtheplantspickedupsoundsintheultrasonicrangeof20to100kilohertz,whichtheteamsaysinsectsandsomemammalswouldbecapableofhearingandrespondingtofromasfaras5metresaway.Amothmaydecideagainstlayingeggsonaplantthatsoundswater-stressed,theresearcherssuggest.Plantscouldevenhearthatotherplantsareshortofwaterandreactaccordingly,theyspeculate.Onaverage,drought-stressedtomatoplantsmade35soundsanhour,whiletobaccoplantsmade11.Whenplantstemswerecut,tomatoplantsmadeanaverageof25soundsinthefollowinghour,andtobaccoplants15.Unstressedplantsproducedfewerthanonesoundperhour,onaverage.Itisevenpossibletodistinguishbetweenthesoundstoknowwhatthestressis.Theresearcherstrainedamachine-learningmodeltodiscriminatebetweentheplants’soundsandthewind,rainandothernoisesofthegreenhouse,correctlyidentifyinginmostcaseswhetherthestresswascausedbydrynessoracut,basedonthesound’sintensityandfrequency.Water-hungrytobaccoappearstomakeloudersoundsthancuttobacco,forexample.Enablingfarmerstolistenforwater-stressedplantscould“openanewdirectioninthefieldofprecisionagriculture”,theresearcherssuggest.Theyaddthatsuchanabilitywillbeincreasinglyimportantasclimatechangeexposesmoreareastodrought.“Thesuggestionthatthesoundsthatdrought-stressedplantsmakecouldbeusedinprecisionagricultureseemsfeasibleifitisnottoocostlytosetuptherecordinginafieldsituation,”saysAnneVisscherattheRoyalBotanicGardens,Kew,intheUK.Shewarnsthattheresultscan’tyetbebroadenedouttootherstresses,suchassaltortemperature,becausethesemaynotleadtosounds.Inaddition,therehavebeennoexperimentstoshowwhethermothsoranyotheranimalcanhearandrespondtothesoundstheplantsmake,sothatidearemainsspeculative（推測(cè)的）fornow,shesays.27．TheexperimentbyresearchersatTelAvivUniversityshowsthat_______.A．tobaccoplantsmakeloudersoundsthantomatoplantswhenhurtB．water-hungrytomatoplantsaremoresensiblethantobaccoplantsC．unstressedplantsproducedsoundsoflaughterwhenbeingwateredD．plantsrespondtothesoundstheplantsmakeandprotectthemselves28．WhatisAnneVisscher’sattitudetowardsthefindingoftheexperiment?A．Appreciative B．DoubtfulC．Cautious D．Optimistic29．Itcanbelearntfromtheresearchthat________.A．greenhouseeffectscanbeavoidedB．soilconditioncanbeadjustedintime.C．plantconditioncanbediagnosedfaster.D．insectscanbedetectedandremovedeasily.30．Whatisthebesttitleforthearticle?A．PlantsGetStressedJustLikeUsB．PlantsScreaminPresenceofStressC．SoundsofPlantsDetectedFarAwayD．SoundsofPlantsBreakFarmers’HeartsDThecarhasreshapedourcities.Itseemstoofferautonomyforeveryone.Thereissomethingalmostdelightfulintheseparationfromrealityofadvertisementsshowingmass-producedcarsmarketedassymbolsofindividualityandoffreedomwhenmostoftheirliveswillbespentmakingshortjourneysonchokedroads.Despitetopspeedsandcorneringabilityadvertised,themostusefulgadgetsonamoderncararethosewhichworkwhenyou’regoingveryslowly:parkingsensors,soundsystems,andnavigationappswhichwillshowawayaroundupcomingtrafficjams.Theseappsknowwherealmostalltheusersare,andhowfasttheyaremovingalmostallthetime,theycanspottrafficcongestion(堵塞)veryquicklyandsuggestwaysroundit.Theproblemcomeswheneveryoneisusinganavigationappwhichtellsthemtoavoideveryoneelseusingthesamegadget.Trafficjamsoftenappearwherenoonehasenoughinformationtoavoidthem.Whenaluckyfewhaveaccesstotheknowledge,theywillbenefitgreatly.Butwheneveryonehasperfectinformation,trafficjamssimplyspreadontothesideroadsthatseemtoofferawayroundthem.Thisnewcongestionteachesustwothings.Thefirstisthatthepromisesoftechnologywillneverberealisedasfullyaswehope.Theywillbelimitedbytheirunforeseenandunintendedconsequences.Sittinginamorecomfortablecarinadifferenttrafficjamispleasantbuthardlytheliberationthatonceseemedtobepromised.Thesecondisthatself-organisationwillnotgetuswherewewanttogo.Theeffortsofmillionsofdriverstogetaheaddonotmiraculouslyproduceasituationinwhicheveryonedoesbetterthanbefore,butoneinwhichalmosteveryonedoesratherworse.Centralcontrolandcollectiveorganizationcanproducesmootherandfaireroutcomes,thougheventhatmuchisneverguaranteed.Similarlimitscanbeforeseenforthemuchgreateradvancespromisedbyself-drivingcars.OneautonomouslyoperatedcarbythetaxicompanyUberstruckandkilledawomanpushingherbicycleacrossawideroadinArizona.Expertshavesaidthatitsuggestsa“catastrophicfailure”oftechnology.Increasingly,eventhetoptech-companyhastoacknowledgethecostsofintoxicating(令人陶醉的)hurrythatcharacterizesitsculture.Whattrafficteachesusisthatrecklessanduncontrolledchangeisaslikelytoharmusasitistobenefitus,andthatthoughtfulregulationisnecessaryforabetterfuture.31．Whatcanweinferaboutthecaradvertisements?A．Theypresentafalsepictureofthecars.B．Theyemphasizethemassproductionofcars.C．Theyportraydriversenjoyingspeedontheroad.D．Theypursueindividualityandfreedomindesign.32．Whatcanweknowaboutthevariousgadgetsoncars?A．Theyareconstantlyupgraded.B．Allofthemareusedeffectively.C．Onlysomecanbeusedfrequently.D．Theycanhelptorelievetrafficjams.33．Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheuseofthenavigationapp?A．Itbenefitsthosewhoarelearningtodrive.B．Itislikelytocreatetrafficjamsinotherplaces.C．Ithelpsagreatdealineasingtrafficcongestion.D．Itsharplyreducestheoccurrenceoftrafficaccidents.34．Whatdowelearnabouttechnologyfromthepassage?A．Itseldomdeliversallthebenefitsaspromised.B．Itsconsequencesareusuallydifficulttoassess.C．Itsbenefitsareguaranteedbycollectivewisdom.D．Itdependsontherequiredknowledgeforapplication.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Peopleoftendiscussthedangersoftoomuchstress,butlatelyaverydifferentviewofstressisgainingpopularity.____35____ThepositivestressmovementismadeupofpeoplesuchasZacharyRappwhoarelookingforanedgeinacompetitiveworld.Hewakesupatdawn,goesforarun,sipsblackcoffeewhilerippingthroughemails,andthenstepsintoafreezingcoldshower.Thisisaroutinedesignedtoreducethestressofrunningthreedifferentcompaniesfor18hoursaday.AlthoughRapp’spracticesmaysoundextreme,heisoneofagroupoffollowersofagrowingmovement.____36____Inspiredbyinfluentialfiguresindifferentfields,includingentertainers,athletes,entrepreneursandscientists,positivestresspractitionersseekoutsomecombinationofextremetemperatures,restrictivediets,punishingexerciseroutinesandgeneraldiscomfort.Rapparguesthatpositivestresskeepshimbalanced.Inadditiontorunningandfreezingshowers,Rappusesicebaths,hotyoga,andunconventionaleatingpracticessuchaseliminatingdairy,sugar,andvariousotherfoodshighincarbohydrates.Hebelievesthatthesepractices,whichputstressonhisbody,actuallymakehimfeellessstressfromwork.____37____Itwashehimselfthatstartedusingthesemethodsincollege,wherehegotintothehabitoftakingicebathstorecoverfromsports.Hegotbackintoitwhiletryingtogethisthreecompaniesofftheground.Rappworkslonghoursandsleepsonlyfivetosevenhoursanightbuthesaidheonlygetssickonceayear.____38____OnethoughtleaderinthepositivestressworldisDutchextremeathleteWimHof,whoearnedthename“iceman”forhisabilitytowithstandseverecoldusingdeepbreathingexercises.Hof’sideashavebecomepopularamongtechindustryelitesand,thankstoHof,coldshowersarenowatrend.Indeed,someevencallitaformoftherapy.____39____Somemedicalprofessionalsarguethatpositivestressisnotforeveryone,andthatitmightevenbedangerousforpeoplewhoareunhealthyorolder.A．Rapp’sroutineisagoodexampleoffollowersofthemovement.B．Thisviewofstressarguesthatstressmightactuallybebeneficial.C．However,Rappdoesnotcreditanyoneinparticularforhischoices.D．Buthethinkstoomuchstressisharminghisphysicalandmentalhealth.E．Butitisimportanttonotethatnoteveryoneagreeswiththesepractitioners.F．Forhim,positivestressinvolvespushingthebodytoextremesandforcingittobuildupatolerance.G．Itconsistslargelyoftechindustryworkerswhoclaimthatsuchradicaltacticswillhelpthemlivebetterandlonger.第三部分書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。LEGOWorkstoMakeBricksfromRecycledPlasticTheLEGOGrouphasbeenworkingonawaytomakeLEGObricksoutofrecycledplastic.Thebricksaren’treadyyet,butthecompanysaysit’smakingprogress.Makingbricksfromrecycledmaterialscouldcutpollutionfromthecompany’sbricksby70%.ManypeoplearefamiliarwithLEGOs.DevelopedinDenmark,theplasticbuildingtoyshavebeenaroundsincethe1950s.Thetoysclicktogetherfirmly,allowinguserstobuildthingsthatdon’tfallaparteasily.Thecompanycallsthisabilitytoholdtightly“clutchpower”.Sinceroughly1960,LEGObrickshavebeenmadefromakindofplasticcalledABS.ABSplasticmakesLEGObricksverytough,andgivesthemgreatclutchpower,overandoveragain.Sadly,ABSplasticcan’treallyberecycled,andittakesaverylongtimetobreakdown.That’sabigproblem.Theworldisstrugglingwithahugeplasticwasteproblem.AndLEGOmakesabout110billionbrickseveryyear.Butsince2015,LEGOhasbeenmakinga