2022年安徽省蚌埠市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)

2022年安徽省蚌埠市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

ItcanbeinferredfromthispassagethatEmeryTobinhadadeep-rootedhatredfor______.

2.

Americancultureandmedia,insomeWays,havehelpedtoenrichGermanculture.

A.YB.NC.NG

3.

Drinkplentyoffluidsisparticularlyimportantforelderlypeoplewhohaveafever.

A.YB.NC.NG

4.

Afteryouhavebeencyclingforafewmonths,theauthorthinksthatyouwillfindcyclingintownslessdangerous.

A.YB.NC.NG

5.

AccordingtoBoese,manypeoplebelievedthereportofSwissspaghettiharvestbecausetheBritishdidnotknow______.

6.Whentravelinginanothercountry,manyAmericansbringwaterwiththembecause______.

A.theyarenotusedtodrinkinglocalwater

B.theyassumethatlocalwaterisnotsafe

C.theyaremorepronetowater-bornediseases

D.theircaneasilyfallillifcontactingwithlocalgerms

7.Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.

Forquestions1-4,mark

Y(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

Forquestions5-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

TheAdvantagesofCommunicativeLanguageTeaching

Asateachertrainerworkingwithinternationalgroups,Iamfrequentlyaskedtoincludeanoverviewofcommunicativelanguageteaching(CLT),anddiscusswaysofadaptingmaterialstomakelessonsmorecommunicativeorinteractive.

MostgroupsareenthusiasticaboutthelessonopportunitieswhichCLToffers.However,somealsoindicatedtheyfeltconstrainedbythesystemunderwhichtheyoperated,especiallythoseteachinginsettingswhichareparticularlyexam-focused.Inaddition,theyqueriedtherelevanceofCLTtotheirsituation,wheremanyofthestudentsneverusedEnglishoutsidetheclassroom.Incontrast,Ihadshiftedacrossaspectrumoflearners,enthusiasticallytakingCLTalongwithmeasuniversallyappropriate.

Takingmycolleagues'concernsonboard,IbegantoquestiontheappropriatenessofCLTforsomeofthesediverselearnergroups.Thiswassupportedbycurrentreadingonthetopic;thetitlesofsomearticlesmademethinkIshouldgiveupthesupportforCLTthenandthere.However,themoreIreadonthetopic,themoreIdefendedthecontinuedsuitabilityofCLT.Itreallydoesbenefitthestudentsinavarietyofways.

ElementsofCLT

Communication—AccordingtoAbility

WhetherCLTshouldbeconsideredanapproachoramethodologyisamoreabstractdebateandhereIwanttodealwithitsmorepracticalaspects,infact,itisthoseveryelements,andthenameitself,whichhavebeenusedtochallengethefuturerelevanceofCLT.Firstly,thelabelimpliesafocusoncommunicationandsomemightarguethatthismethodcan'tbeemployedgenuinelywithlowlevelsasthereisnoauthenticcommunication,duetoalimitedvocabularyandrestrictedrangeoffunctions.Initially,manyofalearner'sutterancesareveryformulaic.Asanaside,considerjustwhatpercentageofourownEnglishexpressionsareunique,andhowoftenwerelyonasetphrase;justbecauseitisdeliveredunselfconsciouslyandwithnaturalintonationdoesnotmakeitoriginal.Theaimisthatthelengthandcomplexityofexchanges,andconfidentdelivery,willgrowwiththestudent'slanguageability.

Withtheemphasisoncommunication,thereisalsotheimplicationthatspokenexchangesshouldbeauthenticandmeaningful;detractorsclaimthattheartificialnatureofclassroom-based(i.e.teacher-createdinteractionsmakesCLTanoxymoron.Nevertheless,aproficientteacherwillprovideacontextsothatclassinteractionsarerealisticandmeaningfulbutwiththesupportneededtoassiststudentstogeneratethetargetlanguage.Weneedtoconsiderthatproducinglanguageisaskillandwhenwelearnaskillwepractiseinimprovisedsettings.Forexample,beforeanursegivesarealinjection,theyhavepuncturedmanyapieceoffruittohonetheirtechnique.

AccuracyasWellasFluency

Itmightalsobearguedthattheextentofsomeofthestructuresorfunctionsmayneverbeusedinreallife.Oneexampleisadjectiveorder;Ihavegivenstudentsanexercisewheretheyhavetoproduceaphrasewithastringofadjectives,suchas"astrong,orange,Norwegian,canvastent."Thisisveryunnatural,asmosttimesweonlycombinetwoorthreea

A.YB.NC.NG

8.Theopeningofsocialnetworkmaynowaccelerateowingto______.

9.

______inyourbodyfunctionstokeepthebalancebetweenthecaloriesyourbodyburnsandthequantityittakesin.

10.

AndyHildebrandinventedAuto-Tune______.

A.whenhewas40

B.intheyear1996

C.forfinancialpurpose

D.forhisownchildren

11.

Withtherapidadoptionofinformationandcommunicationtechnologycomestheproblemof______,whichisglobal.

12.

Asapoli-scimajor'sdream,______alwaysencouragesinternshipsatgovernmentagencies,thinktanksandadvocacyorganizations.

13.ABriefIntroductionofMarkTwain

Twain,Mark,pseudonym(筆名)ofSamuelLanghorneClemens(1835-1910),Americanwriterandhumorist,whosebestworkischaracterizedbybroad,oftenirreverent(不敬的)humororbitingsocialsatire.Twain'swritingisalsoknownforrealismofplaceandlanguage,memorablecharacters,andhatredofhypocrisyandoppression.

EarlyYears

BorninFlorida,Missouri,ClemensmovedwithhisfamilytoHannibal,Missouri,aportontheMississippiRiver,whenhewasfouryearsold.Therehereceivedapublicschooleducation.Afterthedeathofhisfatherin1847,ClemenswasapprenticedtotwoHannibalprimers,andin1851hebegansettingtypeforandcontributingsketchestohisbrotherOrion'sHannibalJournal.SubsequentlyheworkedasaprinterinKeokuk,Iowa;NewYorkCity;Philadelphia,Pennsylvania;andothercities.LaterClemenswasasteamboatpilotontheMississippiRiveruntiltheAmericanCivilWar(1861-1865)broughtanendtotravelontheriver.In1861ClemensservedbrieflyasavolunteersoldierintheConfederatecavalry.LaterthatyearheaccompaniedhisbrothertothenewlycreatedNevadaTerritory,wherehetriedhishandatsilvermining.In1862hebecameareporterontheTerritorialEnterpriseinVirginiaCity,Nevada,andin1863hebegansigninghisarticleswiththepseudonymMarkTwain,aMississippiRiverphrasemeaning"twofathomsdeep."AftermovingtoSanFrancisco,California,in1864,TwainmetAmericanwritersArtemusWardandBretHarte,whoencouragedhiminhiswork.In1865TwainreworkedatalehehadheardintheCaliforniagoldfields,andwithinmonthstheauthorandthestory,"TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty,"hadbecomenationalsensations.

YearsofMaturity

In1867TwainlecturedinNewYorkCity,andinthesameyearhevisitedEuropeandPalestine.HewroteofthesetravelsinTheInnocentsAbroad(1869),abookexaggeratingthoseaspectsofEuropeanculturethatimpressAmericantourists.In1870hemarriedOliviaLangdon.AfterlivingbrieflyinBuffalo,NewYork,thecouplemovedtoHartford,Connecticut.MuchofTwain'sbestworkwaswritteninthe1870sand1880sinHartfordorduringthesummersatQuarryFarm,nearElmira,NewYork.RoughingIt(1872)recountshisearlyadventuresasaminerandjournalist;TheAdventuresofTomSawyer(1876)celebratesboyhoodinatownontheMississippiRiver;ATrampAbroad(1880)describesawalkingtripthroughtheBlackForestofGermanyandtheSwissAlps;ThePrinceandthePauper(1882),achildren'sbook,focusesonswitchedidentitiesinTudorEngland;LifeontheMississippi(1883)combinesanautobiographicalaccountofhisexperiencesasariverpilotwithavisittotheMississippinearlytwodecadesafterheleftit;AConnecticutYankeeinKingArthur'sCourt(1889)satirizesoppressioninfeudalEngland.

AboutHisMasterpiece

TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn(1884),thesequeltoTomSawyer,isconsideredTwain'smasterpiece.Thebookisthestoryofthetitlecharacter,knownasHuck,aboywhofleeshisfatherbyraftingdowntheMississippiRiverwitharunawayslave,Jim.ThepailsadventuresshowHuck(andthereader)thecrueltyofwhichmenandwomenarecapable.AnotherthemeofthenovelistheconflictbetweenHuck'sfeelingsoffriendshipwithJim,whoisoneofthefewpeoplehecantrust,andhisknowledgethatbeisbreakingthelawsofthetimebyhelpingJimescape.HuckleberryFinn,whichisalmostentirelynarratedfromHuck'spointofview,isnotedforitsauthenticlanguageandforitsdeepcommitmenttofreedom.Huck'sadventuresalsoprovidethereaderwithapanoramaofAmericanlifealongtheMississippibeforetheCivilWar.Twain'sskillincapturingtherhythmsofthatlifehelpmakethebookoneofthemasterpiecesofAmericanliterature.

&

A.YB.NC.NG

14.

Salopeksaidthathe______toSudantoreportagainalthoughtherewerealotofdifficulties.

15.

Modernofficeworkersarejustlikefighterpilotsinthatbothneedtomonitordataofgreatcomplexity.

A.YB.NC.NG

16.Traditionalmediaoutletssuchas______maystillhoaxtheiraudiencesnowadays.

17.BoeingandWhirlpool,meanwhile,areworkingtomeetemissionsreductiontargetseventhough______.

18.Theunluckysubjectintheexperimentssaidthatherbadluckhaddiedaway,becauseshehas______.

19.

Mostpeopledon'tthinkBritishlovemusic.Thatisbecause______.

20.TheBBCadopts"hammocking"techniqueinorderto______.

A.widenitsaudience

B.addyouthappealtoitsprograms

C.concealpublicservicethemesbeneathentertainment

D.getpeopletowatchworthystuff

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.聽(tīng)力原文：M:Excusememadam.Wouldyoumindlettingmetakealookinyourbag?

W:Ibegyourpardon?

M:I'dliketolookintoyourbag,ifyoudon'tmind.

W:Whoareyoutoinsist?Iadviseyoutotakeoff,beforeIcallapoliceman.

M:Iamapoliceman,madam.Here'smyidentitycard.

W:What?Oh...well...andjustwhatrightdoesthatgiveyoutogoaroundlookingintopeople'sbugs?

M:Nonewhatsoever,unlessIhavereasontobelievethatthere'ssomethinginthebagsbelongingtosomeoneelse.

W:Whatdoyoumeanbelongingtosomeoneelse?

M:Well,perhaps,thingsthathaven'tbeenpaidfor?

W:Areyoutalkingaboutstolengoods?

M:Exactly,butifthecitizensarehonesttheywouldn'tmind,wouldthey?

W:Stoppingpeopleinthestreetanddemandingtoseewhatintheirbags!

M:I'msorry.I'mtryingtodomyjobaspolitelyaspossible.However,ImustinsistonBeingwhatyouhaveinyoubag.

W:Andwhat,precisely,doyouexpecttofindinthere?

M:Thankyoumadam.

W:Netatall.

M:Mm.Sixteenlipsticks?

W:Yes,nothingunusualinthatIliketochangetheeaterwithmymood.

M:Iseeyousmokealot.Fifteencigarettelighters!

W:Yes,Ianratheraheavysmoker.

M:NowareyougoingtocomealongquietlyoramIgoingtohavetocallforhelp?

W:Butthisisunfair!

(20)

A.Abusinessmaninastore.

B.Awanderinthestreet.

C.Amateurdetective.

D.Amanwithplainclothes.

22.

【B4】

23.(29)

A.Acomparisonofjoggingandotherexercises.

B.Adiscussionofjoggingasaphysicalfitnessprogram.

C.Adescriptionofthetypeofclothingneededforjogging.

D.Providingscientificevidenceofthebenefitsofjogging.

24.(34)

A.GrowthofviolenceonTV.

B.Destructivethreatfromnuclearexplosives.

C.Decreasingofmoralstandards.

D.Alloftheabove.

25.聽(tīng)力原文：M:Thetransmissioninyourcarmustbereplaced.Atransmissionjobisaboutfourhundreddollars,butsincethecarisstillunderwarranty,youwillhavetopayonlyasmallservicecharge.

W:That'sgoodnews.

Q:Howmuchwillitcostthewomantogethercarfixed?

(15)

A.Fourhundreddollar.

B.Alittlelessthanfourhundreddollars.

C.Nomoneyatall.

D.Agreatdeallessthanfourhundreddollars.

26.(15)

A.Thewomanisakind-heartedboss.

B.Thewomanisstrictwithheremployees.

C.Themanalwayshasexcusesforbeinglate.

D.Theman'salarmclockdidn'tworkthatmorning.

27.

【B9】

28.聽(tīng)力原文：W:Jackseemstohaveafancyforpaintings.Onthewallsofhisbedroom,therearesomanyfamouspictures.Someofthemarepriceless.

M:However,hedoesnotlikevisitingtheartmuseumbecauseheconsidersitanoisyplace.

Q:WhatcanweconcludeaboutJackfromtheconversation?

(19)

A.Heisgoodatdrawingpictures.

B.Helikespaintingsverymuch.

C.Helikesvisitingtheartmuseumverymuch.

D.Hethinkstheartmuseumisaveryquietplace

29.聽(tīng)力原文：Yearsagobeforetherewererefrigerators,anicehousewasabuildingusedforstoringice.Thefirsticehouseswereinthecellarsoffarmhouses.Piecesofice,mixedwithsnowandmeadowgrass,werepiledinwinterandkeptuntilthefollowingsummer.Soonfarmersbegantobuildseparatehousesforstoringice.Theseicehouseshaddoublewallswithhaystuffedbetweentokeepoutanyheat.Blocksoficewereputinsidetheicehouseandpackedwithstraworsawdust.

Wheredidtheicefortheseicehousescomefrom?Workerstookitfromafrozenpondorriver.Theysawedtheiceintoevenblocks.Thentheypulledtheiceblocksfromthewaterwithhooksandcarriedthemtotheicehousesonsleds.Specialtoolshelpedtheworkerscutandhandletheice.Iceaxeschoppedlargeholes!ntheice.Icesawscuttheiceintoevenblocks.Choppersloosenedtheseblocksfromoneanother.Icehooksfastenedthemselvesintothelargeblocks.Thentheycouldbecarriedoverthefrozensurfaceofthepondorriver.Tongswereusedtopickupthesmallerblocksofice.Shipscardediceallovertheworld.In1799thefirstboatloadintheUnitedStateswassentfromNewYorkCitytoicehousesinNewOrleans,Louisiana.AboatloadwassentfromBoston,Massachusetts,totheWestIndiestohelpfightyellowfeverin1805.IcemerchantsinBostonalsoshippedtonsoficefrompondsandriverstocitiesinEurope.

(30)

A.Separatehouseswerebuiltforstoringice.

B.Doublewallswerebuiltinicehousestokeepcool.

C.Blocksoficewerepackedwithweedinicehouses.

D.Icewasputintoicehousesinwinter.

30.聽(tīng)力原文：Yourprofessorhasaskedmetotalktoyoutodayaboutthetopicthatshouldbeofrealconcerntocivilengineers:theerosionoftheUSbeaches.Letmestartwithsomestatistics.Didyouknowthat90%ofthecoastinthiscountryiseroding,onthegulfofMexicoforinstance,erosionaverages4to5feetperyear?Overthepast20years,therehasbeenallincreaseinbuildingalongthecoast,eventhoughgeologistsandenvironmentalistshavebeenwarningcommunitiesaboutproblemslikeerosion.Someway,communitieshavetriedtoprotecttheirbuildingsandroadsandtobuildseawalls.

However,geologistshavefoundthatsuchstabilizingstructuresactuallyspeedupthedestructionofthebeaches.Thesebeacheswithseawalls,calledstabilizedbeaches,aremuchnarrowerthanbeacheswithoutthem.Youmaywonderhowseawallsspeedupbeachloss.Theexplanationissimple.Iftheflowofthebeachesisgentle,thewaterenergyislessenedasitwashesupalongtheshore.Itisreducedevenmorethatreturnstotheseasoitdoesn'tcarrybackmuchsand.Ontheotherhand,whenthewaterhitsthenearly-verticalfaceoftheseawall,itgoesstraightbacktotheseawiththefullforceofitsenergyanditcarriesbackagreatdealofsand.Becauseoftherealriskoflosingbeaches,manygeologistssupportabanonalltypesofstabilizingconstructiononshorelines.

(30)

A.Toprotectbeachfrontproperty.

B.Toreducethetrafficonbeachroads.

C.Toprovideprivacyforhomeowners.

D.Todefinepropertylimits.

31.(35)

A.Bonestructure.

B.Smellability.

C.Birthmode.

D.Recoverabilityagainstdisease.

32.

【B2】

33.

【B3】

34.(26)

A.3%to4%.B.4%to5%.C.4%.D.3%to5%.

35.(47)

36.(43)

37.

【B5】

38.(25)

A.Thechildrenaretooyoungtobenefitfromcitylife.

B.Evenadultsthemselvescannotgoeverywhereinthecity.

C.Thereisalottoseeanddoforchildrenandadults.

D.Thereisn'talottoseeanddoforchildren.

39.聽(tīng)力原文：M:Ireallyappreciateyourfillingmeinonyesterday'slecture.

W:Noproblem:Ithoughtyoumightwanttogooverittogether.Asanyway,Ithelpsmereview.Hopeyou'refeelingbetternow.

M:Iam.Thanks.So,yousaidshetalkedaboutsquid?Soundsalittlestrange.

W:Well,actually,itwasabouttheevolutionofsealife--acontinuationfromlastweek.Theoctopusandthesquiddescendedfromearliercreatureswithshells.Theysurvivedbyshadingtheshells,somewherebetween200and500millionyearsago.

M:That'saprettylongspanoftime.

W:Iknow.That'swhatshesaid,though.Tobeprecise:"Exactlywhentheyemergedisuncertain...andwhyisstillunexplained."

M:Somesquidarereallyhuge.Canyouimaginesomethingthatbigifitstillhadashell?

W:Actually,it'sbecausetheylosttheirshellsthattheycouldevolvetoabiggersize.

M:Makesense.Butsomearereallyhuge.I'vereadaboutfishermenthatcaughtsquidthatweighedoveraton.Didshetalkabouthowthathappens?

W:Notreally.Butshedidmentionsomeunusualcases.In1933inNewZealandtheycaughtasquid...let'sseehere...itwastwenty-twoyardslong.Itseyeswereeighteeninchesacross.Canyouimagine?

M:Remindsmeofallthosestoriesofseamonsters.

W:Dr.Simpsonthinksthereareprobablyevenlargeronesthathavebeenfound,becausesquidareintelligentandfastsotheycaneasilygetawayfromhumans.Maybesomeofthosemonsterstoriesaretrue.

(23)

A.Matinghabitsofsquidandoctopus.

B.Theevolutionofcertainform.ofsealife.

C.Thestudyofmarineshells.

D.Survivalskillsofseacreatures.

40.(36)

A.Theirtastymeat.

B.Theprincipleoftheirdefensesystemagainstdisease.

C.Theirsolidskin.

D.Theprincipleoftheirbirthmodes.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

Rockerfuelsaremoreexplosivethanmethanegasbecauseof______.

A.thetemperatureatwhichcombustiontakesplace

B.thedegreeofoxidationaccomplishedbythecombustionprocess

C.thepresenceofinhibitors

D.thegreatburningvelocity

42.

Wecanobviouslynoticethatoveraperiodofnopracticewhathasbeenlearnedtendstobeforgottenfrom______.

43.

Thedevelopmentofmoderncommunicationstechnologyindevelopingcountriesmay______.

A.hindertheirindustrialproduction

B.causethemtolosecontroloftheirtrade

C.forcethemtoreducetheirshareofexports

D.costthemtheireconomicindependence

44.

Bysaying"nobodyundersellsAmerica"(Underlined),theauthormeansthat______.

A.noothercountryunderestimatesthecompetitivenessofAmericanproducts

B.nobodyexpectstheAmericanstocutthepricesoftheircommodities

C.nobodyrestrainsthesellingofAmericangoods

D.noothercountrysellsatalowerpricethanAmerica

45.

Whileintegrasedeltasanimmunecell'sgeneticmaterialandreplacesitwithitsown,itactslike______inawordprocessor.

46.

Ourschools,accordingtothepassage,shouldnot______.

47.

Accordingtothepassage,GeorgeFrank______.

A.agreeswiththecommentsmadebyMichaelTenet

B.consentsthatglobalizationis'favorabletoeconomy

C.believesthatthereductionofpricesisduetothecompetition

D.thinkstheinstabilityiscausedbytheeconomicliberalization

48.

Mostofthepeopleoftheworldget______.

A.enoughfoodinthegoodyears

B.insufficientfoodforalltimes

C.foodfromthe"have"countriesinbadyears

D.richerthanbefore

49.

Theapproachtohealthduringthe1970sincludedtheintroductionofhealth______programs.

50.

WhichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasanecessaryparttomaintainAmerica'sscientificleader-ship?

A.Money.

B.Combinationofvariousdisciplines.

C.Jointeffortsofthemostintelligentscientists.

D.Favorableacademicatmosphere.

51.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

WhenitcomestopubliceducationintheUnitedStates,freemarketsandfleemindsaremutuallyexclusive.Recentcommercialventuresintheclassroomdemonstratethatwhencorporationsattempttocashinonthecrisisineducation,theyaremoreinterestedinyouthaspassiveconsumers--tobemarketedtothehighestbidder-thanasactivethinkers.Themostglaringoftheseventures(企業(yè))isChannelone,acommercialTVprogramwhichWhittleCommunicationsbroadcastsintoalmost12,000juniorhighandhighschoolsacrossthecountry.Foreachthirty-secondcommercialonChannelOne(theprogramcontainstwominutesofcommercialsperbroadcast),Whittlegarners(收取)＄195,455fromadvertisersincludingBurgerKing,Procter&Gamble,andReebok.

Thislessoninclassroomcommercialismdefinesdemocracy--notascivicresponsibilityorcommunityinvolvement--butasbuyer'schoice.Commercialismreduceseducationtoaspectatoreventandstudentstoatargetaudience.Butstudentsaredefyingmarketers'visionofthemaseasyconvertstobrandloyalty.Youtharenotjustsittingbackmemorizingadvertisingjingles:increasingly,theyaretakingactionagainstcommercialsintheirschools.

StudentsatCoronadoHighSchoolinCoronado,California,forinstance,wroteaneditorialintheirschoolpaperheadlined"ChannelOneInvadesCoronadohighSchool"whichasked:"DoyougetthefeelingthatBigBrotherwillbewatching?Ido....WemustinvestigatethemakersofChannelonemorebeforeweputsuchahugeamountoftrustintheirhands....Sellingadvertisingmutesoutofourschooldayexploitstheentireeducationalprocess.Itcheapensit.Educationnolongerbecomesalearningprocess,itbecomesabillboard."

Manyyoungpeople,however,feelthattheissueismoreaboutfreedomthanitisthemotivesofcorporationsthatexploiteducationforadvertisingpurposes.

Whatisthemaintopicofthisarticle?

A.Corporationsattempttocashinonthecrisisineducation.

B.Communicationsbroadcastsintoalmost12,000juniorhighandhighschools.

C.Educationnolongerbecomesalearningprocess.

D.Thisarticleillustratesfreemarketsandfreemindsaremutuallyexclusive.

52.Companiescoulddirectlyborrowmoneyfromthefederalgovernmentthrough______

53.

【C6】

54.Theprocedureofearlyadmissiongrewpopularbecauseithelpedcollegestosecuretherecruitmentof______.

55.

【C4】

56.

ThelawofDecember,1988prohibitsemployersfromexamingpeoplewhoapplyforjobsexcept______.

57.Untilabout30yearsago,languageresearchersfocusedtheirstudiesoninfantswhohadalreadybeguntobabble,accordingtoJusczyk,whohaswrittenabookonhowchildrenacquirelanguagetitledTheDiscoveryofSpoken.Language.Babiesstarttovocalizeataroundfourmonthsofage,andtobabbleinstringsofwordsataroundsixorsevenmonths.

"Theoriesaroundatthattimesaidthatinfantsperceivedspeechsoundsbyproducingthem,"saysJusczyk.Inotherwords,bylisteningtothemselvesbabble,babieslearnedtotellonesoundfromanother.Mom,Dad,orthebabysitterwouldreinforcethesesoundsbyrepeatingtheirutteranceslike,"Baba!That'sbottle."

Researchers,however,hadnotdevelopedmethodsofdecipheringwhatwentthroughababy'smindbeforebabyutteredhisfirst"Ma"or"Papa".SoJusczykandotherexperimentalistsdevisedtechniquesthatallowthemtostudythepre-babbler.Theyhavedemonstratedthatspeechistheculminationofatremendousamountoflearning.Longbeforeababyuttershisfirst"baba",theresearchersdiscovered,hismindisfuriouslysortingoutthesoundsandshapesofwordsandsentences.

ColleaguescreditJusczykforbeingoneofthekeyexperimentaliststobridgethegapbetweenthestudyofinfantspeechperceptionandlanguagedevelopment."Peteristhefatherofalotofthiswork,"saysRobinCooper,anassociateprofessorofpsychology,whostudiesinfantlanguageacquisition.

Intheirdecades-longsearchfortheuniversaltruthsaboutlanguageacquisition,Jusczykandcollaboratorsaroundtheworldhavefoundthatateverystageofdevelopment,babiesknowalotmorethanthey'dbeengivencreditfor.Theveryseedsoflanguagelearning,infact,starttodevelopinthewomb(子宮).

Researcherscannoteasilyinvestigatelanguageperceptioninthewomb,however.Sotheystudynewbornbabies'reactionstosoundsthatmimicthemuffledlanguagethatpenetratesthewomb.Inthistechnique,newbornbabieslistentofilteredrecordingsofawoman(thebaby'smotheroranothermother)speaking,whilesuckingonapacifier(嬰兒用的橡皮奶頭)thatisattachedtoapressuretransducer(傳感器).Filteringerasesthecrispedgesofwords,whileleavingintactotherfeaturessuchasrhythm,melody,pitch,andintonation—similartowhatafetus(胎兒)hearsinthewomb."It'skindoflikelisteningtoastereonextdoor,"saysWilliamFifer,anassociateprofessorofdevelopmentalpsychobiologyatColumbiaUniversity."Youhearalotofbass,butnotthecrisp,clearhighfrequencies."

Usingthistechnique,Fiferandhiscolleaguesfoundthatnewbornssuckharderonthepacifierwhenlisteningtofilteredrecordingsoftheirownmother'svoiceincomparisontoanothermother's.Thenewbornsthusrecognizeandprefertheirownmother'svoice,concludesFifer.

Infurtherstudies,JusczykandpostdocThierryNazzifoundthatnewbornspreferfilteredrecordingsoftheirownnativelanguageoverthatofaforeignlanguage."Babieslikewhattheyknow,"saysJusczyk."Newborns,"hesays,"apparentlylearntherhythmoftheirnativelanguageandoftheirmother'svoicewhileinthewomb."

Howdobabiesrecognizedifferentsounds?

A.Bylisteningtothesounds.

B.Byrepeatingthesounds.

C.Bylisteningtotheirownbabbling.

D.Byutteringthesounds.

58.

Whatdoes"Dublin'snewpitis'showingpromise'."meaninParagraph4?

A.TheDublin'snewpitpresentsthesignofincompetenceaspredicted.

B.TheDublin'snewpitadoptedopen-outcrytradingaspromised.

C.TheDublin'snewpitsubjectstopressurefromself-employedtraders.

D.TheDublin'snewpitstartswithapromisingbeginning.

59.

Nowadaysthebossescanasktheworkerstotakethepolygraphtestsonlyundertheconditionthat______.

60.Whichofthe